Okra

Okra, ko kuma a cikin Latin - hibiscus mai cin abinci (Hibiscus esculentus), wasu sunaye na okra, gombo ko yatsun mata sune tsirrai ne na shekara-shekara daga dangin mai cutarwa. Tsirrai ne mai matukar tsayi mai girma. Tsawo ya bambanta dangane da nau'ikan daga 20 cm (nau'in dwarf) zuwa 2 m (tsayi).

Ganyen yana da tushe mai kauri mai kauri a ƙasa, wanda aka rufe shi da gashin gashi. Ganyen yana da girma, mai tsayi-tsayi, haske ko koren duhu, yana da girma, tare da lobes biyar zuwa bakwai, kamar tushe, babba. Furannin, waɗanda suke kama da na yau da kullun na lambun mallow, guda ɗaya ne, babba, bisexual, yellowish-cream a launi, wanda ke cikin gandun ganyen a kan ɗan gajeren ɗanɗano. 'Ya'yan itacen Okra sune ƙyallen yatsa, daga tsawon 6 zuwa 30 cm. Matasa ne kawai (kwanaki 3-6) koren ovaries ana cinyewa, 'ya'yan itacen launin ruwan duhu masu duhu ba su da daɗi. Ana cin 'ya'yan itatuwa na Okra duka sabo (ana saka su cikin salati), kuma ana tafasa, dafa, soyayye. Bugu da ƙari, sun bushe, daskararre, da gwangwani.

'Ya'yan itacen okra marasa ɗorewa tare da tsaba ana sanya su azaman kayan yaji a cikin miya da miya, wanda daga wannan yana samun ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ƙima. 'Ya'yan da ba su gama bushewa ba - zagaye, koren duhu ko zaitun, na iya maye gurbin koren peas, kuma ana amfani da ƙwayayen da gasasshen tsaba don yin kofi na gombo.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan okra kuma sun bambanta sosai a al'ada, lokacin girbi, fasali da girman 'ya'yan itatuwa. Misali, a cikin Rijistar Jiha zaka iya samun wadannan nau'ikan: Farin Cylindrical, White Velvet, Green Velvet, Dwarf Greens, Yatsun Mata (ta hanyar, fassarar sunan Ingilishi na shuke-shuken haka), Juno. Amma tsawon ƙarni da yawa, okra kuma tsire-tsire ne na magani.

Tarihin al'adu

Afirka na Yankin Tropical shine ƙasar haihuwar okra; a cikin yanayin daji, har yanzu ana adana shi a cikin Nubia a yankin Blue Nile. Masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da burbushin halittu sun gano alamun wannan tsiron a yankin wuraren mutane yayin zamanin Neolithic. A Sudan, an noma wannan shukar kusan shekaru dubu shida. Shekaru dubbai, a cikin ƙasarsu, ana amfani da okra don abinci ba kawai 'ya'yan itacen da muka saba da su ba, har ma ganye. An samo fiber mai ƙarfi daga tushe don yin igiyoyi da buhuhuna. An yi amfani da ƙwayayen da suka ɗanɗana a cikin Larabawan Gabas, waɗanda aka gasa kafin maye gurbin kofi. Wani lokaci da gangan ana sanya ƙwayar foda a kofi don taushi ɗanɗano kuma a ba ta ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Gabaɗaya, sunan Latin na tsire, Abelmoschus, ya fito ne daga larabci habb-al-misk, wanda ke nufin "ɗan musk." Musk an girmama shi sosai a Gabas kuma duk abin da ya tuna da shi ana bi da shi tare da girmamawa sosai. Wasu lokuta ana hada irin wannan gasasshen iri yayin yin sorbet (sherbet). Bugu da kari, ingantattun tsaba suna dauke da mai mai 25%, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman abinci ko cike fitilun mai.

A lokacin yakin Larabawa, okra ya zo Spain, inda aka haɗa shi sosai a cikin abincin Mutanen Espanya, kuma daga can ya fara motsawa zuwa Turai, da farko kudu. Ya shahara sosai a ƙasashe da yawa na Kudancin Turai (Bulgaria, Girka), Amurka, Afirka da Asiya. An horar da Okra a cikin Indiya yayin farkon Neolithic. Masana binciken kayan tarihi sun gano yanayin kasuwanci tsakanin al'adun pre-Aryan da mutanen Gabashin Afirka. A cikin abincin Indiya, ana amfani da okra don yin chutneys kuma, saboda daidaitaccen daidaituwa, don yin kaurin miya. Af, har zuwa yau, Indiya na riƙe da tarihin samar da okra - tan 5,784,000, wanda ya fi sauran ƙasashe haɗuwa.

Okra ya zo nahiyar Amurka tuntuni. An yi imanin cewa ta samo asali ne daga baƙar fata baƙi na farko daga Afirka, waɗanda suka yi amfani da okra azaman shuka sihiri don al'adar Voodoo. Kuma a can wurin ya samu karbuwa ga jama'ar yankin. Misali, bayyanarsa a cikin kayan abinci na Brazil ya fara zuwa farkon karni na 17, kuma ya bazu a Arewacin Amurka - farkon karni na 13. A cikin Amurka ta zamani, ya shahara musamman a jihohin kudanci, kuma yana da alaƙa da Abincin Creole da na Baƙin Amurkan. A cikin Rasha, ana shuka wannan amfanin gona akan ƙananan gonaki a cikin Krasnodar da Stavropol Territories.

Girma, haifuwa, kulawa

Okra tsire-tsire ne na thermophilic, amma a yankin namu kuma ana iya samun nasara ta hanyar shuka, kuma misalin irin wannan aikin lambu mai nasara shine girbin okra a cikin yankin Melekhovo a ƙarƙashin AP Chekhov. Yaran Okra suna tsiro a hankali - makonni 2-3. Kafin shuka, ana jiƙa su cikin ruwan dumi na kwana ɗaya. Zai fi kyau a yi shuka a cikin tukwanen peat ko kaset, tun da wannan al'adar ba ta haƙuri da dasawa sosai. Okra yana da raunin rassa mai rauni kuma lokacin da aka dasa tsire-tsire ba tare da dunƙulen ƙasa ba, mafi kyawun suna rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, kuma mafi munin haka kawai suna mutuwa. Matsakaicin mafi kyawun yanayin shuka shine + 22 + 24 ° C. Ana shuka shuke-shuke a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi-ɗumi bayan haɗarin damunar bazara ya wuce; a cikin yankin Moscow farkon watan Yuni ne ko kuma ɗan lokaci kaɗan, amma tare da yiwuwar mafaka. Okra ta fi son wurare masu haske da ƙasa mai dausayi. Kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar ƙara superphosphate - kamar kowane tsire-tsire wanda aka girbe fruitsa fruitsan itacen, okra yana buƙatar ƙarin allurai na wannan ɓangaren. Tsarin sauka 60 × 30 cm.

Kula - sassauta kasar gona, sako da kuma ban ruwa. Al'adar tana da jurewa fari, amma a lokacin busasshe da kuma lokacin 'ya'yan itaciyar tana bukatar ruwa mai yawa da na yau da kullun. Ya yi fure kimanin watanni 2 bayan faruwar ƙwayar cuta. 4-5 kwanaki bayan fure fure, an kafa 'ya'yan itace, wanda dole ne a tattara. 'Ya'yan itacen da suka fi tsufa ba su da dadi kuma ba su da daɗi. Share kowane kwana 3-4 yana ci gaba har zuwa sanyi, ma'ana, har zuwa mutuwar shukar. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, okra shuke-shuke an rufe shi da balaga, kuma wasu mutane suna hulɗa da gashi suna haifar da rashin lafiyan jiki da ƙaiƙayi.

Kwayoyin Okra da cututtuka

Kamar yawancin tsire-tsire na kayan lambu, okra na iya fuskantar cututtuka da kwari. Furewar foda na iya haifar da babbar illa. Ya bayyana azaman farin farin jini a bangarorin biyu na ganye da sauran sassan shukar. A causative wakili na cutar hibernates on shuka tarkace. Don gujewa yaduwar sa, ana cire ragowar tsire-tsire da sauri kuma ake cire ciyawa a cikin tsari a kewayen greenhouse, wanda sune farkon wanda cutar fure mai tawa ta shafa kuma sune masu ɗauke da cutar: plantain, comfrey, shuka thistle.

Brown tabo yana shafar shuka a babban ɗumi a cikin greenhouses da hotbeds. A gefen babba na ganyen shuke-shuke, launuka rawaya sun bayyana, a kan ƙananan - fure a farkon haske, sannan launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Tare da mummunar lalacewa, ganyayyakin sun zama launin ruwan kasa sun bushe. A causative wakili na cutar hibernates on shuka tarkace.

Thrips karamin ƙaramin kwari ne wanda ke inganta ƙwayoyin cuta musamman a cikin gidajen haya. Saboda yawan haihuwa, cin abinci na iya lalata tsire-tsire masu yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wuraren launin rawaya-rawaya sun bayyana akan ganyen daga rawaninsu, ganyen, tare da mummunar lalacewa, ya zama ruwan kasa ya bushe.

Lokacin da thrips ya bayyana, ana amfani da infusions da decoctions na tsire -tsire masu kwari na barkono mai ɗaci (50 g / l), wormwood (100 g / l), azaman zaɓi mafi ban mamaki - kwasfa na orange, tangerine, lemun tsami (100 g / l). Don ingantaccen adhesion, 20-40 g na sabulun wanki a cikin lita 10 ana ƙarawa ga maganin kafin fesawa.

Ganyen kabeji, kwarkwata wanda ya bayyana a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen watan Mayu, baƙon abu ba ne. Suna cinye kusan dukkan ganye, suna barin jijiyoyi kawai. Tare da karamin lamba, ana girbe kwari da hannu, kuma tare da adadi mai yawa - ana fesawa da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu: bitoxibacillin ko lepidocide (40-50 g cikin lita 10 na ruwa).

A cikin shekarun rigar, slugs na iya kai hari kan okra, wanda suke yaƙi da shi cikin al'ada da duk hanyoyin da za su yiwu: suna cire ciyawa, a hankali kwance ƙasa, shirya tarkuna a ƙarƙashin abin da slugs ke ɓoye, yayyafa hanyoyin tare da toka, lemun tsami ko superphosphate, da kuma sanya giya a cikin trays wanda tare suke zamewa kasa.

Kuma tambaya ta tashi - menene duk waɗannan dabaru don su? Shin da gaske akwai wasu ƙananan, kayan lambu marasa ƙarancin ƙarfi?

Fa'idodi masu amfani da magani na okra

'Ya'yan itacen Okra suna da wadatar gishirin ma'adinai, sinadarai masu guba, bitamin C, E (0.8 mg /%), K (122 μg), rukunin B (B1 - 0.3 mg /%, B2 - 0.3 mg /%, B3 (niacin) - 2.0 mg /%, B6 0.1 mg /%). Tsaba suna da wadataccen furotin kamar waken soya.

'Ya'yan itacen Okra sun ƙunshi carbohydrates, da farko fiber da pectin. Idan na farko yana da mahimmanci ga narkewa da aikin al'ada na hanji, to ayyukan pectins sunfi yawa da ban sha'awa. Shuke-shuke dauke da adadi mai yawa na pectins suna da ikon cire duk wasu abubuwa masu guba har ma da radionucleides daga jiki. Pectins suna da kyawawan kayan haɗuwa kuma suna "tattarawa", kamar mai tsabtace tsabta, wucewa ta hanyar ɓangaren hanji, duk ba dole bane. Kuma duk wannan ana amintar da shi daga jiki. An lura cewa yawan cin abincin okra na yau da kullun yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ayyukan hanji da kawar da matsaloli kamar kumburin ciki, maƙarƙashiya, kuma, bisa ga haka, hana haɗarin maye na jiki. A cikin karatun zamani, an lura cewa amfani da okra a kai a kai yana taimakawa daidaita cholesterol, wanda, bi da bi, ya zama rigakafin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana zaton cewa fitar da abubuwa masu guba daga cikin lokaci shine rigakafin cututtuka da yawa na yau da kullun, wani lokacin kuma ilimin sankara, da farko na hanji. Masana sunyi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da okra don inganta tasirin maganin cututtukan suga, ciwon huhu, cututtukan zuciya, asma, da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda wannan tasirin tsarkakewa, yana da amfani a haɗa shi a cikin abinci don gajiya mai ɗorewa, bayan ko yayin shan babban adadi na magani, da inganta yanayin sautin jiki.

Dangane da abubuwan da ke tattare da pectins da gamsai duka, okra kyakkyawan wakili ne na mai kumburi da shafi. Za a iya amfani da dafaffen okra a matsayin abinci don ciwon ciki, colitis. Hakanan, saboda suturar sa da kayan kwalliyar sa, ana amfani da kayan ɗumi ko dafaffun 'ya'yan okra don mura. Don yin wannan, shirya decoction na 'ya'yan itãcen, tafasa su zuwa ga daidaito na jelly. Dole a yi amfani da wannan romon don kurkurewa da ciwon makogwaro ko ɗauka ciki (ɗan ɗanɗano kamar yadda ake so) don mashako, tracheitis, pharyngitis.

Bugu da ƙari, okra ya ƙunshi acid na halitta, bitamin C, ma'adanai, bitamin B da folic acid, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ayyukan jiki da yawa.

Amma akwai ƙananan kalori a cikin wannan kayan lambu. Kasancewar kayan abinci ne, okra shine kyakkyawan kayan abinci mai ƙarancin kalori kuma ana iya amfani dashi don kiba da ciwon sukari.

Wannan kayan lambu an yi imanin yana da amfani ga waɗanda ke fama da yanayi daban-daban na ido da waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ido.

Soyayyen okra da tumatir

Sinadaran girke-girke:

• 4 tsp. okra (okra),
• yankakken a cikin rabin 450 gr. kananan tumatir (kamar Cherry, San Marzano),
• yanke a cikin rabin 4 cloves da tafarnuwa, murkushe 3 tbsp. l.
• man zaitun
• 1 kananan albasa,
• a yanka a cikin gutsattsarin Gishiri da barkono da aka yanka
• Ƙananan apple cider vinegar don yayyafa

Shirye-shiryen girke-girke: Soya tafarnuwa a cikin man zaitun a cikin skillet a ƙarƙashin murfin a matsakaiciyar zafin jiki har sai launin ruwan kasa. Okara okra da albasa, kakar da gishiri da barkono a soya har sai yayi laushi, minti 10 - 12. Dama cikin tumatir, dafa don 3 minti. Sannan a hada da ruwan tsami na tuffa.