Contents
Harshe tsarin alama ne wanda ya ƙunshi sautuna, kalmomi da jimloli. Tsarin alamomin kowace al'umma ya keɓanta saboda nahawu, yanayin yanayi, yanayin sauti da na harshe. Harsuna masu sauƙi ba su wanzu, tun da kowannensu yana da nasa matsalolin da aka gano a cikin karatun.
A ƙasa akwai yarukan da suka fi wahala a duniya, wanda ƙimarsu ta ƙunshi tsarin alamomi 10.
10 Icelandic
Icelandic – Wannan yana daya daga cikin mafi wahala ta fuskar lafuzza. Hakanan, ana ɗaukar tsarin alamar ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin harsuna. Ya ƙunshi raka'o'in harshe da masu magana da harshe ke amfani da shi kawai. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubale a cikin koyon Icelandic shine sautin sautinsa, wanda masu magana da harshe ne kawai ke iya isar da shi daidai.
9. Harshen Finnish
Harshen Finnish wanda ya cancanci ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi hadaddun tsarin alamar a duniya. Yana da shari'o'i 15, da kuma nau'ikan fi'ili na ɗari da yawa na sirri da haɗin kai. A cikinsa, alamomin zayyana suna isar da cikakkiyar sifar sautin kalmar (dukansu da aka rubuta da kuma furta), waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa harshe. Nahawu ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i da yawa da suka gabata, amma babu lokaci na gaba.
Navajo - harshen Indiyawa, wani fasalin da ake la'akari da shi a matsayin nau'i na fi'ili da aka yi da kuma canza ta fuskoki tare da taimakon prefixes. Kalmomin ne ke ɗauke da babban bayanin ma'anar tasu. Sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da Navajos a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu don isar da bayanan sirri.
Baya ga wasula da baƙaƙe, akwai sautuna 4 a cikin harshen, waɗanda ake kira hawan – saukowa; high Low. A halin yanzu, makomar Navajo tana cikin haɗari, saboda babu ƙamus na harshe, kuma ƙamus na Indiyawa suna canzawa kawai zuwa Turanci.
7. Hungarian
Hungarian daya daga cikin harsuna goma mafi wuyar koyo. Yana da nau'i nau'i nau'i 35 kuma yana cike da sautunan wasali waɗanda ke da wahalar furtawa saboda tsayi. Tsarin alamar yana da nahawu mai sarƙaƙƙiya, wanda a cikinsa akwai ɗimbin ƙididdiga waɗanda ba za a iya ƙididdige su ba, da kuma saita maganganu waɗanda ke da halayen wannan harshe kaɗai. Siffar tsarin ƙamus ita ce kasancewar nau'ikan nau'ikan ɗabi'a guda 2 kawai na fi'ili: yanzu da na baya.
6. Eskimo
Eskimo kuma ana la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi rikitarwa a duniya saboda yawancin nau'i na wucin gadi, wanda akwai har zuwa 63 kawai a cikin halin yanzu. Sigar yanayin kalmomi tana da juzu'i sama da 200 (canza kalmomi tare da taimakon ƙarewa, prefixes, suffixes). Eskimo yaren hotuna ne. Alal misali, ma'anar kalmar "Internet" tsakanin Eskimos zai yi kama da "tafiya ta cikin layi." An jera tsarin alamar Eskimo a cikin Guinness Book of Records a matsayin ɗayan mafi wahala.
5. Tasaran
Tasaran ɗaya daga cikin ƴan harsunan da aka jera a cikin littafin Guinness Book of Records saboda ƙaƙƙarfansa. Its peculiarity ta'allaka ne a lokuta da yawa, wanda akwai 46. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin jihar harsuna mazaunan Dagestan, a cikin abin da babu prepositions. Ana amfani da matsayi a maimakon. Akwai nau'ikan yare guda uku a cikin harshen, kuma kowannensu ya haɗu da wani rukuni na yare. Tsarin alamar yana da lamuni da yawa daga harsuna daban-daban: Farisa, Azabaijan, Larabci, Rashanci da sauransu.
4. Basque
Basque daya daga cikin tsofaffi a Turai. mallakar wasu mazauna Kudancin Faransa da Arewacin Spain ne. Basque ya ƙunshi nau'ikan shari'o'i 24 kuma baya cikin kowane reshe na iyalai na harshe. Kamus sun ƙunshi kalmomi kusan rabin miliyan, gami da yaruka. Ana amfani da prefixes da suffixes don samar da sabbin sassan harshe.
Ana iya gano haɗin kalmomi a cikin jimla ta hanyar canje-canje a ƙarshen. Ana nuna lokacin fi'ili ta hanyar canza ƙarshen da farkon kalmar. Saboda ƙarancin yaɗuwar harshen, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da shi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu don watsa bayanan sirri. Ana ɗaukar Basque a matsayin ɗayan yarukan da suka fi wahalar koyo.
3. Rasha
Rasha daya daga cikin harsuna uku mafi wahala a duniya. Babban wahalar "mai girma da girma" shine damuwa na kyauta. Misali, a cikin Faransanci, ana sanya damuwa koyaushe akan maƙalar kalma ta ƙarshe. A cikin Rashanci, matsayi mai ƙarfi zai iya kasancewa a ko'ina: duka a cikin farkon da na ƙarshe, ko a tsakiyar kalma. Ma'anar yawancin raka'a na lexical an ƙaddara ta wurin damuwa, misali: gari - gari; gaba - Gaba. Har ila yau, ma'anar kalmomi masu yawa waɗanda aka rubuta da kuma furta iri ɗaya an ƙaddara su ne kawai a cikin mahallin jumla.
Sauran raka'o'in harshe na iya bambanta a rubuce, amma ana furta su iri ɗaya kuma suna da ma'anar mabambanta kwata-kwata, misali: makiyaya - albasa, da sauransu. Harshenmu yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi arziƙin ma'ana: kalma ɗaya na iya samun kusan guda goma sha biyu na harsuna na kusa. cikin ma'ana. Har ila yau, alamar rubutu tana ɗauke da babban nauyin ma'ana: rashin waƙafi ɗaya ya canza ma'anar jimlar gaba ɗaya. Ka tuna kalmar da aka yi hackneyed daga benci na makaranta: "Ba za ku iya yafe hukuncin kisa ba"?
2. arabic
arabic – daya daga cikin mafi hadaddun tsarin alamomi a duniya. Harafi ɗaya yana da harrufa daban-daban har guda 4: duk ya dogara da wurin da kalmar take. Babu ƙananan haruffa a cikin tsarin ƙamus na Larabci, an hana karya kalma don ɗaurewa, kuma ba a nuna haruffan wasali a rubuce ba. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan harshe shine yadda ake rubuta kalmomi - daga dama zuwa hagu.
A Larabci, maimakon lambobi biyu, waɗanda suka saba da harshen Rashanci, akwai lambobi uku: maɗaukaki, jam'i da dual. Ba shi yiwuwa a sami kalmomi daidai gwargwado a nan, tunda kowane sauti yana da sautuna daban-daban guda 4, wanda zai dogara da wurinsa.
1. Sin
Sin harshe ne mai rikitarwa. Wahalar farko, idan kuna son yin nazarinsa, ita ce jimillar adadin hiroglyphs a cikin harshen. Kamus na zamani na kasar Sin yana da haruffa kusan dubu 87. Wahalar ta ta'allaka ne ba kawai a cikin tsarin alamar harshe ba, har ma a cikin madaidaicin rubutun. Siffar da aka siffanta kuskure ɗaya kawai a cikin hieroglyph ɗaya tana karkatar da ma'anar kalmar gaba ɗaya.
Ɗayan "wasiƙa" na Sinanci na iya nufin kalma gaba ɗaya ko ma jimla. Alamar hoto ba ta nuna ainihin ma'anar sautin kalmar ba - mutumin da bai san duk ɓangarorin wannan harshe ba ba zai iya fahimtar yadda ake furta kalmar da aka rubuta daidai ba. Phonetics yana da wuyar gaske: yana da homophones da yawa kuma ya ƙunshi sautuna 4 a cikin tsarin. Koyan Sinanci na daya daga cikin ayyuka mafi wahala da baƙo zai iya tsarawa kansa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp2jtyyCF