Tako Tsubo ciwo ciwo ne na tsokar zuciya wanda ke da rashin aiki na wucin gadi na ventricle na hagu. Tun farkon bayaninsa a Japan a cikin 1990, ciwon Tako Tsubo ya sami karbuwa a duniya. Koyaya, bayan shekaru 30 na ƙoƙari mai yawa don ƙarin fahimtar wannan cutar, ilimin yanzu yana da iyaka.

Tako Tsubo ciwo ciwo ne na tsokar zuciya wanda ke da rashin aiki na wucin gadi na ventricle na hagu.

Wannan cardiomyopathy yana ɗaukar sunansa daga Jafananci "tarkon octopus", saboda siffar da ventricle na hagu ke ɗauka a mafi yawan lokuta: kumburi a saman zuciya da raguwa a gindinsa. Ciwon Takotsubo kuma ana kiransa da “ƙaryayyen ciwon zuciya” da “ciwoyin balloon apical”.

Ciwon Takotsubo yana lissafin kusan 1 zuwa 3% na duk marasa lafiya a duk duniya. Bisa ga wallafe-wallafen, game da 90% na marasa lafiya da ciwon ciwon mata masu shekaru tsakanin 67 da 70 shekaru. Matan da suka haura 55 suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sau biyar fiye da mata masu ƙasa da shekaru 55 kuma haɗarin ya ninka sau goma fiye da maza.

Mafi yawan alamun cutar Tako Tsubo sune:

• Ciwon kirji mai kaifi;
• Dyspnea: wahala ko wahalar numfashi;
• A syncope: asarar sani kwatsam.

Bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon Takotsubo wanda ya haifar da matsanancin damuwa na jiki zai iya rinjaye shi ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka mai tsanani. A cikin marasa lafiya tare da bugun jini ko bugun jini, ciwon Takotsubo ba shi da yawa tare da ciwon kirji. Sabanin haka, marasa lafiya tare da matsalolin motsin rai suna da yawan ciwon kirji da bugun zuciya.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa rukunin marasa lafiya tare da ciwo na Takotsubo na iya gabatar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da suka taso daga rikice-rikicensa:

• Ciwon zuciya;
• Pulmonary edema;
• Wani haɗari na jijiyoyi na cerebral;
• Cardiogenic shock: gazawar bugun zuciya;
• Kamewar zuciya ;

Fahimtar ciwon Takotsubo sau da yawa yana da wuya a bambanta daga myocardial infarction. Duk da haka, a wasu marasa lafiya ana iya gano shi ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin electrocardiogram (ECG) ko tashi kwatsam a cikin alamun cututtukan zuciya - samfuran da aka saki cikin jini lokacin da zuciya ta lalace.

Angiography na coronary tare da ventriculography na hagu - inganci da ƙididdiga na aikin rediyo na hagu na hagu - ana la'akari da kayan aikin bincike na zinariya don yin sarauta ko tabbatar da cutar.

Kayan aiki, wanda ake kira maki InterTAK, kuma zai iya jagorantar gano cutar ta Takotsubo da sauri. An ƙididdige shi cikin maki 100, ƙimar InterTAK ta dogara ne akan sigogi bakwai: 

• Jima'in mace (maki 25);
• Kasancewar damuwa na tunani (maki 24);
• Kasancewar damuwa ta jiki (maki 13);
• Rashin ciki na sashin ST akan electrocardiogram (maki 12);
• Tarihin tabin hankali (maki 11);
• Tarihin jijiyoyin jiki (maki 9);
• Tsawaita tazarar QT akan electrocardiogram (maki 6).

Maki fiye da 70 yana da alaƙa da yiwuwar cutar daidai da 90%.

Yawancin ciwon Takotsubo suna haifar da abubuwan damuwa. Abubuwan da ke haifar da jiki sun fi yawa fiye da matsalolin motsin rai. A gefe guda, marasa lafiya na maza sun fi shafar yanayin damuwa na jiki, yayin da a cikin mata ana lura da motsin rai akai-akai. A ƙarshe, lokuta kuma suna faruwa idan babu wani abin damuwa a fili.

Abubuwan motsa jiki

Daga cikin abubuwan da ke jawo jiki akwai:

• Ayyukan jiki: aikin lambu mai tsanani ko wasanni;
• Daban-daban na likita yanayi ko bazata yanayi: m numfashi gazawar (asthma, karshen-mataki na kullum obstructive huhu cuta), pancreatitis, cholecystitis (kumburi na gallbladder), pneumothorax, traumatic raunuka, sepsis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ciki, cesarean sashe, walƙiya, kusa- nutse, hypothermia, hodar iblis, barasa ko cire opioid, gubar carbon monoxide, da sauransu.
• Wasu magunguna, ciki har da gwaje-gwajen damuwa na dobutamine, gwaje-gwaje na electrophysiological (isoproterenol ko epinephrine), da beta-agonists don asma ko cututtuka na huhu;
• Mummunan toshewar arteries na jijiyoyin jini;
• Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin juyayi: bugun jini, ciwon kai, zubar da jini na intracerebral ko maƙarƙashiya;

Abubuwan da ke haifar da tunani

Daga cikin abubuwan da ke jawo hankali akwai:

• Bakin ciki: mutuwar dangi, aboki ko dabba;
• Rikici tsakanin mutane: saki ko rabuwar iyali;
• Tsoro da firgita: sata, hari ko magana a bainar jama'a;
• Fushi: gardama tare da dangi ko mai gida;
• Damuwa: rashin lafiya na sirri, kulawa da yara ko rashin gida;
• Matsalolin kuɗi ko sana'a: asarar caca, fatarar kasuwanci ko asarar aiki;
• Wasu: kara, rashin imani, daure dan uwa, hasarar shari’a, da sauransu;
• Masifu na yanayi kamar girgizar ƙasa da ambaliya.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da motsin rai na ciwo ba koyaushe ba su da kyau: abubuwan da suka faru na tunani masu kyau kuma na iya haifar da cutar: bikin ranar haihuwa mai ban mamaki, gaskiyar lashe jackpot da kuma hira da aiki mai kyau, da dai sauransu Wannan mahaluži ya kasance. aka kwatanta da "happy heart syndrome".

Bayan shari'ar farko ta Takotsubo ciwo, marasa lafiya suna cikin haɗarin sake dawowa, ko da shekaru bayan. Wasu abubuwa da alama suna nuna haɓakar rayuwa a cikin shekara ɗaya da raguwa a cikin wannan adadin maimaituwa:

• Masu hana ACE: suna hana jujjuyawar angiotensin I zuwa angiotensin II - wani enzyme wanda ke haifar da tasoshin jini don takurawa - da kuma ƙara matakan bradykinin, wani enzyme tare da tasirin vasodilating;
• Angiotensin II antagonists mai karɓa (ARA II): suna toshe aikin enzyme mai suna.
• Ana iya yin la'akari da maganin antiplatelet (APA) bisa ga kowane hali bayan an kwantar da shi a asibiti a cikin yanayin rashin aikin ventricular na hagu mai tsanani da ke hade da kumburin apical.

Matsayi mai yuwuwa na wuce haddi catecholamines - kwayoyin halitta da aka haɗa daga tyrosine kuma suna aiki a matsayin hormone ko neurotransmitter, mafi yawan su shine adrenaline, norepinephrine da dopamine - a cikin ci gaban Takotsubo cardiomyopathy an yi muhawara na dogon lokaci, kuma kamar haka, beta blockers an gabatar da su azaman dabarun warkewa. Duk da haka, da alama ba su da tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci: ana lura da sake dawowa na 30% a cikin marasa lafiya da aka yi amfani da su tare da beta-blockers.

Sauran hanyoyin warkewa sun rage da za a binciko su, kamar su magungunan kashe jini, maganin hormonal don menopause ko jiyya na psychotherapeutic.

Abubuwan haɗari na ciwon Takotsubo za a iya rarraba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan guda uku:

• Abubuwan da ke faruwa na Hormonal: girman girman girman mata na postmenopausal yana nuna tasirin hormonal. Ƙananan matakan isrogen bayan menopause na iya ƙara yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar ta Takotsubo, amma bayanai na yau da kullum da ke nuna kyakkyawar hanyar haɗi tsakanin su biyun ya rasa ya zuwa yanzu;
• Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta: mai yiyuwa ne yanayin dabi'ar halitta zai iya yin mu'amala da abubuwan muhalli don fifita bullar cutar, amma a nan ma, binciken da ke ba da damar a dunkule wannan ikirari ya yi kasa;
• Tabin hankali da kuma Neurological Cuta: A high Yaduwar tabin hankali - tashin hankali, ciki, hanawa - da kuma neurological cuta da aka ruwaito a cikin marasa lafiya da Takotsubo ciwo.