Alhaki na zubar da jini, akwai nau'i biyu na glandan salivary: babban gland na salivary da gland na kayan haɗi. Suna iya zama wurin kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, lithiasis, ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace ko, da wuya, mugayen ciwace-ciwace. Ciwon daji na glandan salivary hakika ciwon daji ne da ba kasafai ba.

Akwai nau'i biyu na glandan salivary:

• m glands, located a cikin rufi na baki cavity da harshe. Suna da ƙananan girma da sauƙi a cikin tsari;
• babban salivary gland, located a wajen bango na baka rami. Ya fi girma, su ne gaɓoɓin gabobin da ke da tsari mai rikitarwa. An kafa su ne na sassan sirri da sauransu, excretory.

Daga cikin manyan salivary gland za mu iya bambanta:

• da parotid gland shine yake a gaban kunne, a cikin kunci. Don haka akwai biyu. Canal nasu yana buɗewa a kan fuskar kunci na ciki, a matakin molars;
• glandan submandibular suna ƙarƙashin kashin muƙamuƙi. Canal su yana buɗewa kusa da frenulum na harshe;
• Sublingual glands suna ƙarƙashin harshe. Canal nasu kuma yana buɗewa kusa da frenulum na harshe.

Glandan salivary suna samar da yau. A matsayin tunatarwa, miya shine cakuda ruwa, electrolytes, sel da ba su da ƙarfi da ɓarna mai ƙarfi, gami da enzymes. Saliva yana cika ayyuka daban-daban: yana kula da hydration na baki, yana shiga cikin matakai na farko na narkewa godiya ga enzymes, yana tabbatar da aikin antibacterial godiya ga kwayoyin cuta.

Babban glandan salivary suna ɓoye miya don amsa abubuwan motsa jiki yayin da ƙwayoyin salivary na haɗe suna ɓoye ci gaba.

Salivary gland shine yake (sialolithiasis)

Duwatsu na iya fitowa a cikin ducts na salivary na ɗaya daga cikin glandan submandibular mafi yawan lokuta. Suna toshe kwararar yau da kullun, suna haifar da kumburi mara zafi na glandan salivary. Yana da m Pathology.

Kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta

Lokacin da gishiri ya tsaya a cikin gland saboda cikas ga fitar da shi (lithiasis, kunkuntar bututu), yana iya kamuwa da cuta. Ana kiran wannan sialitis ko ciwon glandular, parotitis lokacin da glandon parotid ya shafa da kuma submandibulitis idan ya zo ga glandar submandibular. Sa'an nan kuma gland yana kumbura, jin zafi, zafi. Pus na iya fitowa, da kuma zazzabi.

Juvenile recurrent parotitis

Wani nau'i na parotitis na musamman da ke shafi yara da matasa, ana maimaita kamuwa da cutar kwayan cuta na daya ko duka biyu na parotid gland. Haɗarin kasancewa, a cikin dogon lokaci, lalata parenchyma na glandular (kwayoyin da suka ƙunshi nama na sirri).

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta

Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kaiwa ga glandan salivary, musamman ma ƙwayoyin parotid. Mafi sani shine na mumps, kwayar cutar paramyxovirus da aka sani da kwayar cutar "mumps" wanda ke yaduwa ta hanyar miya. Mumps yana bayyana ta hanyar kumburi mai raɗaɗi na ɗaya ko duka biyun parotid glands, ciwon kunne, ciwon makogwaro, zazzabi, da gajiya mai tsanani. Yawancin lokaci mai sauƙi a cikin yara, cutar na iya haifar da rikitarwa a cikin samari, manya da mata masu juna biyu: meningitis, asarar ji, pancreatitis, lalacewar ƙwanƙwasa wanda zai iya haifar da rashin haihuwa. Alurar rigakafin MMR ita ce hanya mafi kyau don hana mumps.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

Ƙarƙashin sani kuma sau da yawa yana haifar da yawo na warkewa, pseudo-allergic sialitis yana bayyana kansa ta hanyar wani lokacin kumburi mai zafi na ɗaya ko fiye da glandar salivary yayin cin abinci ko haɓakar gustatory ko ƙamshi, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaiƙayi. A yau ba a san musabbabin wannan cutar ba.

Ciwon daji mara kyau

Yawancin ciwace-ciwacen salivary gland ba su da kyau. Mafi sau da yawa sun shafi parotid gland. Suna bayyana azaman keɓe, ƙaƙƙarfan, hannu da nodule mara raɗaɗi wanda ke girma a hankali.

Ciwon daji mafi yawanci shine adenoma pleomorphic. Zai iya ci gaba zuwa ƙwayar cuta mara kyau, amma kawai shekaru 15 zuwa 20 bayan ya bayyana. Wasu ciwace-ciwace marasa kyau sun wanzu: adenoma monomorphic, oncocytoma da cystadenolymphoma (cututtukan Warthin).

M ciwace-ciwacen daji - ciwon daji na salivary gland

Mummunan ciwace-ciwacen salivary gland suna bayyana a matsayin mai wuya, nodular taro, yawanci suna manne da nama kusa, tare da fayyace mara kyau. Waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace (abin da ya faru a ƙasa da 1/100), wanda ke wakiltar ƙasa da 000% na ciwace-ciwacen kai da wuya. Ana lura da juyin halitta metastatic a kusan kashi 5% na lokuta.

Ciwon daji daban-daban na glandan salivary sun wanzu. Sabbin rarrabuwa na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (2005) don haka ta gane nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace iri-iri guda 24 da nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace guda 12. Ga manyan su:

• mucoepidermoid carcinoma shine mafi yawan ciwon daji na glandan salivary. Gabaɗaya yana rinjayar glandar parotid, da wuya glandan submandibular ko ƙananan glandan salivary na palate;
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma shine nau'in ciwon daji na biyu mafi yawan gaske. Yawancin lokaci yana rinjayar ƙwayar salivary gland kuma zai iya yada zuwa jijiyoyi a fuska. Dangane da yanayin ƙwayoyin ciwon daji, an bambanta tsakanin cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma (wanda ya fi kowa), m adenoid cystic carcinoma da tuberous adenoid cystic carcinoma;
• Cutar sankarau yawanci tana shafar glandar parotid. Ci gaba da girma da sauri sosai, yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph;
• acinar cell carcinoma yawanci yana rinjayar glandon parotid, wani lokacin duka biyu;
• na farko lymphomas na salivary gland shine rare.

Wasu nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen salivary gland sun wanzu, amma sun fi wuya.

Kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta

An tsara maganin rigakafi. Ana yin gwajin duban dan tayi don tabbatar da cikakkiyar waraka daga gland.

Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta

Kunnuwan yawanci suna warkewa nan da nan cikin kwanaki goma. Tun da kamuwa da cuta na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, babu maganin rigakafi da ake bukata. Zazzaɓi da zafi ne kawai za a iya magance su tare da maganin antipyretic ko analgesics.

Kwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta ta glandan salivary na iya zama na biyu zuwa kamuwa da cuta na kwayan cuta. Sannan zai bukaci maganin rigakafi.

Salivary lithiasis

Dutsen salivary yawanci yakan tafi tare da taimakon tausa na yau da kullun na glandan salivary. Idan sun ci gaba, ana iya yin sialendoscopy (endoscopy na ducts da salivary gland). Wata dabara, da ake kira extracorporeal lithotripsy, ta ƙunshi tsaga duwatsu da igiyoyin girgiza na waje.

Sialectomy (wani aikin fiɗa wanda ya ƙunshi buɗaɗɗen duct na salivary don cire ƙididdiga) an yi ƙasa da ƙasa tun haɓakar waɗannan dabaru guda biyu.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

Gudanarwa yana farawa da maganin harin na makonni 2 yana hade da maganin rigakafi guda biyu, maganin corticosteroid, antispasmodics, antiallergics da benzodiazepine. Ana ba da magani na dogon lokaci bisa raunin corticosteroids da antiallergic.

Ciwon daji mara kyau

Maganin ciwace-ciwacen daji shine fiɗa. Dole ne ya zama cikakke kuma tare da tazarar aminci don iyakance haɗarin sake faruwa.

Ciwon daji

Maganin ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar salivary gland shine tiyata tare da babban tabo na aminci, wani lokaci ana bi da radiotherapy don wasu cututtukan daji. Dangane da yaduwa, ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin wuyansa wani lokaci ana cire su. Ba a nuna chemotherapy ba, sai dai a lokuta masu wuya.

Hasashen yana canzawa dangane da yanayin ciwon daji, yaduwarsa, matakin ci gaba da nasarar aikin tiyata.

Gabaɗaya kasancewar taro ne ke jagorantar mara lafiya don tuntuɓar babban likitansa ko likitan ENT. Idan aka fuskanci kullu a cikin glandar salivary, ana iya tsara gwaje-gwaje daban-daban:

• jarrabawar asibiti don kimanta ma'auni na raunin da ya faru, tsawo na gida da na yanki tare da bincike na mahaifa lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes);
• x-ray yana nuna duwatsu;
• sialography ya ƙunshi allurar wani samfurin bambanci a cikin glandar salivary don sanya shi a fili. an fi amfani dashi don bincika cututtukan cututtuka na glandan salivary;
• gwajin anatomo-pathological na samfurin a cikin yanayin ciwace-ciwacen daji; don tabbatar da ganewar asali na m neoplasia, ƙayyade nau'in histological kuma idan zai yiwu darajar sa;
• MRI, ko kasawa cewa duban dan tayi ko CT scan;
• CT scan na wuyansa da thorax don neman yiwuwar shiga tsakani.