Harshe (daga harshen Latin) wata gabo ce ta hannu wacce ke cikin baki kuma tana da manyan ayyuka na magana da abinci.

Structure. Harshen yana kunshe da tsokoki 17, na ciki da kuma na waje, mai tsananin jijiya, wanda wani mucosa ya rufe. Harshe yana da azanci, hankali da motsin motsi.

 Tsawon kusan 10cm, harshe ya kasu kashi biyu:

- Jiki, wayar hannu da bayyane, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan abubuwa 2: ɓangaren pharyngeal, wanda yake a bayan baki da ɓangaren buccal, sau da yawa ana la'akari da harshe. Ƙarshen an rufe shi da papillae kuma an haɗa shi zuwa kasan bakin ta frenulum (²).

- Tushen, wanda ke makale da kashin hyoid, zuwa ga mandible da kuma mayafin puck, wanda ya zama kafaffen ɓangaren da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin jiki.

Ku ɗanɗani rawar. Harshe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ɗanɗano albarkacin ɗanɗanon harshe. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan dandano suna da masu karɓar dandano don bambanta dandano daban-daban: zaki, gishiri, ɗaci, m da umami.

Rawar da ake taunawa. Harshe yakan sauqaqa tauna abinci, wanda ke sanya bolus, ta hanyar hada shi tare da tura shi zuwa hakora (2).

Matsayin yin hadiyewa. Harshe yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen hadiyewa ta hanyar tura kwandon abinci zuwa bayan makogwaro, cikin pharynx (2).

Matsayi a cikin magana. Dangane da larynx da igiyoyin murya, harshe yana taka rawa a cikin sauti kuma yana ba da damar fitar da sauti daban-daban (2).

Ciwon daji. Ciki na baki, musamman harshe, na iya zama wurin bayyanar ciwon daji, wanda ƙananan ulcer ne. Abubuwan da ke haifar da su na iya zama da yawa kamar damuwa, rauni, jin daɗin abinci, da sauransu. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan ciwon daji na iya haɓaka zuwa stomatitis aphthous lokacin da suka bayyana akai-akai (3).

Walƙiya. Glossitis raunuka ne masu kumburi da ke sanya harshe zafi kuma ya sa ya zama ja. Suna iya zama saboda kamuwa da cuta na tsarin narkewa.

Ciwon fungal. Ciwon yisti na baka cututtuka ne na naman gwari. An samo shi ta dabi'a a cikin baki, wannan naman gwari na iya yaduwa a matsayin martani ga abubuwa daban-daban kuma yana haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Maskan. Waɗannan guragu ne waɗanda yawanci ke shafar gefe ɗaya kawai na harshe suna haifar da wahalar yin magana.

Tumor. Dukansu ciwace-ciwace (marasa-ciwon daji) da kuma ciwon daji (cancer) na iya tasowa akan sassa daban-daban na harshe.

rigakafin. Kyakkyawan tsaftar baki na iya taimakawa wajen hana wasu cututtukan harshe.

Kiwon lafiya. Dangane da cutar, ana iya ba da magani tare da antifungals, maganin rigakafi ko tawada na rigakafin cutar.

Jiyya na tiyata. Tare da ciwon daji na harshe, ana iya yin tiyata don cire ciwon daji.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Ana iya rubuta waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don ciwon daji.

Nazarin jiki. Ana gudanar da duba gindin harshe ta hanyar amfani da karamin madubi domin a duba yanayinsa, musamman ma launin mucosa. Hakanan ana iya yin bugun harshe.

Gwajin hoton likita. Ana iya yin x-ray, CT scan, ko MRI don kammala ganewar asali.

Har yanzu da aka ambata a yau, taswirar harshe, jera kowane ɗanɗano a cikin takamaiman yanki na harshe, tatsuniya ce kawai. Lalle ne, bincike, musamman na Virginia Collins, ya tabbatar da cewa abubuwan dandano da ke cikin dandano na iya fahimtar dandano daban-daban. (5)