Tushen bile na gama-gari yana haɗa gallbladder zuwa duodenum. Wannan bile duct na kowa shine tashar da aikinta shine fitar da bile a cikin duodenum, sashin da ke samar da tsarin narkewa. Bile don haka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen narkewa. Tushen bile na gama-gari, wanda don haka ya kawo wannan bile zuwa farkon ɓangaren ƙananan hanji, yana samuwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da duct na hanta na kowa da kuma duct na cystic. Mafi yawan cututtukan bile ducts suna faruwa ne sakamakon duwatsun gallstone, waɗannan ƙananan tsakuwa wasu lokuta suna tasowa musamman saboda toshe gallbladder da duwatsun gallbladder, waɗanda ke yin lanƙwasa su zama tsakuwa.

An samar da bututun bile na gama-gari ta hanyar haɗuwa da bututun hanta na gama gari da duct ɗin cystic. Don haka, bile canaliculi, waɗannan ƙananan ducts waɗanda ke tattara bile da ƙwayoyin hanta ke samarwa (kwayoyin da ake kira hepatocytes), suna haɗuwa don samar da bile ducts. Haka kuma, wadannan bile ducts suna haɗuwa tare kuma suna haifar da duct hepatic duct na dama da kuma duct hepatic na hagu, wanda hakanan yana haɗuwa tare don samar da duct na hanta na kowa. Wannan duct na hanta na yau da kullun, wanda, tare da duct na cystic, wani nau'in aljihun da ke fitowa daga bile vesicle, zai zama na kowa bile duct. Daga ɗigon bile na kowa, bile zai iya shiga duodenum, ɓangaren farko na ƙananan hanji wanda ke biye da ciki. Bile da ke fitowa ta wannan bile na yau da kullun zai shiga cikin ayyukan narkewar jiki.

A ilimin kimiya na jiki, ɗigon bile na gama-gari don haka yana ba da damar fitar da bile ta cikin kwandon hepato-pancreatic zuwa cikin duodenum. Shiga cikin wannan sashin jiki na tsarin narkewa, don haka bile zai shiga cikin narkewa. Hasali ma bututun da ke dauke da bile da hanta ke fitar da shi ana kiran shi babban bile duct da ke barin hanta kuma ana kiransa da bile duct da zarar an hada shi da duct na cystic, wato na gallbladder.

Matsayin bile a cikin narkewa

Ana samar da Bile a cikin hanta kafin a ɗauke shi ta ɗigon bile sannan a fitar da shi ta hanyar ɗigon bile na kowa. Hanta tana samar da kusan 500-600 ml na bile kowace rana. Wannan bile ya ƙunshi ruwa da electrolytes, amma kuma na kwayoyin halitta, musamman ma bile salts. Wadannan gishirin bile, da zarar an ɓoye su a farkon ɓangaren ƙananan hanji, duodenum, sannan suna da muhimman ayyuka na yin narkewar bitamin mai narkewa, amma har ma da kitsen da aka cinye: don haka yana sauƙaƙe narkewa da kuma sha. . Bugu da kari, bile yana kunshe da pigments na bile, wadannan sinadarai wadanda ke haifar da lalata jajayen kwayoyin halittar jini da wani kaso daga cikinsu za a kawar da su daga jiki ta hanyar stool.

Ƙunƙarar gallbladder

Cin abinci yana fitar da hormones daga hanji. Bugu da ƙari, wasu jijiyoyi suna motsa (wanda ake kira cholinergic jijiyoyi), wanda ke haifar da gallbladder. Wannan zai fitar da kashi 50 zuwa 75% na abun ciki a cikin duodenum, ta hanyar ɗigon bile na kowa. A ƙarshe, gishirin bile ta haka yana yawo daga hanta zuwa hanji sannan ya koma hanta sau goma zuwa goma sha biyu a rana.

Yawancin cututtukan bile ducts sune sakamakon gallstones, waɗancan ƙananan duwatsun da ke tasowa a cikin bile ducts. Daga ƙarshe, an gano manyan cututtuka guda uku na bile ducts: riƙewar biliary, ciwace-ciwacen daji da duwatsu.

• A cikin yanayin riƙewar biliary, bile ba zai shiga duodenum ba. Yana stagnates a cikin kowa bile duct ko a cikin gall mafitsara. Wannan toshewar yana haifar da wuce gona da iri a cikin bile ducts. Wannan yana haifar da ciwon hanta;
• Wannan al'amari na riƙewar biliary na iya haifar da ƙari a cikin bile ducts ko a cikin bile na pancreas. Wadannan ciwace-ciwacen suna iya zama marasa kyau ko marasa kyau. Bugu da ƙari, za su iya rinjayar ɗigon bile daga ciki da waje da hanta;
• Gallstones da ke tasowa a cikin gallbladder yana faruwa ne ta hanyar toshe gallbladder tare da laka na gallstone, wanda ke yin lissafi kuma ya zama tsakuwa. Don haka, lithiasis na babban bile duct yana nuna kasancewar duwatsu a cikin bile ducts. Wannan gallstones na iya, mafi daidai, ya haifar da bayyanar salts na cholesterol maras narkewa a cikin bile ducts. Wani lokaci wannan dutsen gallstone yana ƙaura zuwa cikin babban bile ducts, ƙwayar bile na kowa. Sannan yana haifar da hari mai raɗaɗi, wanda zazzaɓi zai iya biyo baya tare da jaundice saboda toshewar bile duct na gama gari.

Maganin lithiasis na ɗigon bile na kowa ya fi sau da yawa multidisciplinary.

• A gefe guda, cholecystectomy (cire gallbladder) yana ba da damar hana samuwar gallstones;
• A gefe guda kuma, ana iya cire dutsen da ke cikin ɗigon bile na gama gari a lokacin wannan cholecystectomy, ko ma a cikin kwanaki bayan sa hannun likitan gastroenterologist, yayin wani aiki da ake kira endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Cire gallbladder baya haifar da wani babban canji na jiki. Bugu da ƙari, ba zai zama dole a bi abinci na musamman ba bayan haka.

Choledochal lithiasis wani lokaci yana asymtomatic: ana iya gano shi yayin dubawa. Lokacin da yake haifar da toshewar biliary, wanda kuma ake kira cholestasis, yana haifar da jaundice (jaundice) da kuma ciwon ciwon hanta. Wani lokaci ana iya zargin cutar ta ganewar asali ta gwajin likita.

Za a buƙaci jarrabawa mai zurfi:

• A matakin ilimin halitta, ana iya samun alamun cholestasis, kamar haɓakar bilirubin, gamma GT (GGT ko Gammaglutamyl-transferase), da PAL (alkaline phosphatase) da na transaminases;
• Duban dan tayi na ciki na iya nuna dilation na bile ducts;
• Za a yi amfani da duban dan tayi na endoscopic, mai yiwuwa hadewa ko ba tare da bili-MRI akai-akai ba, tare da manufar ganin lithiasis don haka tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Etymologically, kalmar cholédoque ta fito ne daga Girkanci "kholé" wanda ke nufin "bile", amma kuma "gall" da "fushi". A tarihi, ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Antiquity, kuma har sai binciken da aka yi a cikin ilimin halittar ɗan adam wanda ya sanya magani na kimiyya da gaske, ya kasance al'ada don bambanta abin da ake kira "humor" hudu na Hippocrates. Na farko shi ne jini: yana fitowa daga zuciya, ya bayyana halin jini, wanda ke nuna hali mai ƙarfi da sauti, kuma yana da mutuƙar zamantakewa. Na biyu shine pituitis wanda, wanda aka haɗe zuwa kwakwalwa, yana da alaƙa da yanayin lymphatic, wanda ake kira phlegmatic. Na uku na humours da Hippocrates ya ba da shawara shine bile mai launin rawaya, wanda ya samo asali a cikin hanta, wanda ke hade da fushi. A ƙarshe, baƙar fata ko bile mai banƙyama, wanda ke fitowa daga ɓarna, an ɗauke shi da alhakin halin melancholy.