Jikunan jugular suna cikin wuyansa: sune jijiyoyin jini waɗanda suka ƙare a cikin iskar oxygen daga kai zuwa zuciya. Jikunan jugular suna da lamba huɗu, sabili da haka suna cikin ɓangarorin gefen wuya. Akwai jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jijiya na gaba, jijiyoyin jugular na waje, jijiya na baya da jijiyoyin ciki na ciki. Rabelais yayi amfani da kalmar, a cikin littafinsa gargantu, a cikin 1534, a ƙarƙashin furcin "venyana jugulares", Amma ya fito daga Latin"makogwaroWanda ke nuna "wurin da wuyan ya hadu da kafadu". Pathologies na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini ba safai ake samun su ba: kawai an ba da rahoton wasu lokuta na musamman na thrombosis. Hakanan, matsi na waje ya kasance mai ƙarancin gaske. Idan akwai kumburi, taurin kai ko jin zafi a cikin wuyan, ana iya yin gwajin bambancin thrombosis, ko akasin haka ya ƙaryata, ta hanyar hoton likitanci da ke da alaƙa da gwaje -gwajen gwaje -gwaje. Idan akwai thrombosis, za a fara jiyya tare da heparin.

Jikunan jugular suna gefen kowane ɓangaren ɓangarorin wuyan. A haƙiƙa, kalmar ta fito ne daga kalmar Latin makogwaro wanda ke nufin "makogwaro", don haka a zahiri shine "wurin da wuyan ya hadu da kafadu".

Jigon jugular ciki

Jigon jugular na ciki yana farawa daga gindin kwanyar, kafin ya sauko zuwa kashin wuya. A can, sai ya shiga cikin jijiyar subclavian kuma ta haka zai zama akwati na brachiocephalic venous. Wannan jijiyoyin jugular na ciki yana cikin zurfin wuya, kuma yana karɓar jijiyoyi da yawa a fuska da wuya. Hanyoyin sinadarai da yawa, ko bututun jijiyoyin jini, na dura, kauri mai kauri mai kauri da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa, yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar wannan jijiyar ciki.

Jijiyar jugular waje

Jijiyar jugular ta waje ta samo asali ne kawai a bayan ƙananan muƙamuƙi, kusa da kusurwar masassarar. Daga nan sai ya shiga gindin wuya. A wannan matakin, to zai shiga cikin jijiyar subclavian. Wannan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin na waje suna zama fitattu a cikin wuya yayin da matsin lamba na venous ya ƙaru, kamar yadda ya faru da tari ko ɓacin rai, ko lokacin bugun zuciya.

Magungunan tsoka da na baya

Waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyi ne.

Daga ƙarshe, jijiyar jugular waje ta dama da madaidaiciyar jijiyar ciki duka suna magudana cikin madaidaicin subclavian. Jigon jugular ciki na hagu da jijiyar waje na hagu duka suna shiga cikin jijiyar subclavian na hagu. Bayan haka, jijiyar subclavian ta dama ta haɗu da jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na dama, lokacin da jijiyar subclavian ta shiga jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na hagu, kuma jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na dama da hagu a ƙarshe duka zasu taru don samar da babban veva cava. Wannan babba da gajeriyar madaidaicin vena cava shine wanda ke gudanar da mafi yawan jinin deoxygenated daga sashin jiki sama da diaphragm zuwa dama atrium na zuciya, wanda kuma ake kira atrium na dama.

Jijiyoyin jugular suna da aikin ilimin halittar jiki na kawo jini daga kai zuwa kirji: don haka, rawar da suke takawa ita ce dawo da jinin da ba a gama ba, wanda ya ƙare a cikin iskar oxygen, zuwa zuciya.

Ciwon jugular ciki

Musamman musamman, jijiyoyin jugular na cikin gida suna tara jini daga kwakwalwa, ɓangaren fuska gami da yankin gaban wuyansa. Yana da wuya ya ji rauni a cikin rauni na wuyansa saboda zurfin wurinsa. Daga ƙarshe, yana da aikin zubar da kwakwalwa, amma har da meninges, kasusuwan kwanyar, tsokoki da kyallen fuska har da wuyansa.

Jugular waje

Dangane da jugular na waje, yana karɓar jinin wanda ke zubar da ganuwar kwanyar, da zurfin sassan fuska, da yankuna na gefe da na baya. Aikinsa ya ƙunshi daidai daidai wajen zubar da fatar kai da fatar kai da wuyansa, tsokar fata ta fuska da wuya da kuma ramin baki da farji.

Kwayoyin cututtuka na jijiyoyin jugular ba su da yawa. Don haka, haɗarin thrombosis yana da wuya sosai kuma matsi na waje ma na musamman ne. Thrombosis shine samuwar ɗigon jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini. A zahiri, abubuwan da ke haifar da yawaitar bazuwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, a cewar masanin kimiyya Boedeker (2004), sune kamar haka:

• dalilin da ke da alaƙa da cutar kansa (50% na lokuta);
• para-infection (30% na lokuta);
• jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi (10% na lokuta);
• ciki (10% na lokuta).

Lokacin da ake zargin thrombosis na jijiyoyin jugular, zai zama mahimmanci:

• fara heparinization na mai haƙuri (gwamnatin heparin wanda ke taimakawa rage jinkirin jini);
• gudanar da maganin rigakafi mai faɗi.

Tare da kumburi, taurin kai, ko zafi a wuya, likitan yakamata yayi la'akari, lokacin yin bincike daban -daban, cewa yana iya zama thrombosis venous a wannan yanki na jiki. Don haka ya zama dole a gudanar da bincike mai zurfi. Sabili da haka, yakamata a tabbatar da tuhuma ta asibiti na m thrombosis vein thrombosis:

• ta hanyar hoton likitanci: MRI, na'urar daukar hotan takardu tare da samfurin bambanci ko duban dan tayi;
• ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje: waɗannan yakamata su haɗa da D-dimers azaman marasa ma'ana musamman amma alamun thrombosis masu mahimmanci, da alamun kumburi kamar CRP da leukocytes. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a yi al'adun jini don gano yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta da samun damar kula da su sosai cikin sauri da dacewa.

Baya ga daidaitaccen magani, irin wannan magudanar jini na jijiyoyin jugular yana buƙatar daidaitaccen bincike don yanayin da ke ƙasa. Don haka ya zama dole a ci gaba musamman don neman mummunan ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai iya zama sanadin thrombosis na paraneoplastic (wato an haifar da shi sakamakon cutar kansa).

A farkon ashirin^e karni, ya numfasa a cikin birnin Lyon wata iska da ba a zata ba wacce ta haihu, sannan ci gaba mai ƙarfi, tiyata na jijiyoyin jini. Sababbin majagaba huɗu da sunayen Jaboulay, Carrel, Villard da Leriche sun bambanta kansu a wannan fagen, ta hanyar ci gaba… Hanyar gwajin su ta kasance mai alƙawarin, mai yiwuwa ta haifar da abubuwa kamar su jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini ko ma jujjuya gabobin jiki. Likitan tiyata Mathieu Jaboulay (1860-1913) ya kasance ainihin mai shuka dabaru: ta haka ne ya ƙirƙira abubuwan da suka shafi aikin tiyata a Lyon, a lokacin da har yanzu ba a yi wani yunƙuri ba. Musamman ya ƙirƙira dabara don anastomosis na ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshen (sadarwar da aka kafa ta tiyata tsakanin tasoshin biyu), wanda aka buga a 1896.

Mathieu Jaboulay ya kuma hango aikace -aikacen da yawa masu yuwuwar don anastomosis arteriovenous. Da yake ba da shawara don aika jini arterialized zuwa kwakwalwa ba tare da carotid-jugular anastomosis ba, ya ba Carrel da Morel damar gudanar da binciken gwaji, a cikin karnuka, a ƙarshen anastomosis na jugular da carotid na farko. An buga sakamakon wannan gwajin a cikin 1902 a cikin mujallar Lyon Likita. Ga abin da Mathieu Jaboulay ya bayyana: "Ni ne na nemi Mista Carrel da ya yi amfani da jijiyar carotid da jijiyar jugular a cikin kare. Ina so in san abin da zai iya ba da wannan aikin gwaji kafin a yi amfani da shi ga mutane, saboda na yi tunanin zai iya zama da amfani a lokutan rashin isasshen ban ruwa na jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar thrombosis yana ba da taushi, ko kuma kamawa na ci gaban haihuwa.".

Carrel ya sami sakamako mai kyau a cikin karnuka: "Makonni uku bayan tiyata, jijiyoyin jugular suna bugawa karkashin fata kuma suna aiki azaman jijiya.Amma, a taƙaice, Jaboulay bai taɓa ƙoƙarin yin irin wannan aikin akan mutane ba.

Don kammalawa, za mu kuma tuna cewa wasu marubutan sun yi amfani da kyawawan misalai a wasu lokutan a cikin wannan jugular. Ba za mu yi kasa a gwiwa ba, misali, Barrès wanda, a cikin nasa Littattafan Rubutu, rubuta: "Ruhr shine jijiyar jugular Jamus“… Waƙoƙi da kimiyya sun haɗu a wasu lokutan kuma suna haifar da kyawawan abubuwa.