Gashi (daga Latin capillus) wani gashi ne wanda ke da aikin kare kai da fatar kan mutum. Ya ƙunshi keratin, yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana iya jure nauyin 100g ba tare da ba da hanya ba.

Gashi yana magana sosai gashin gashin halittar ɗan adam. Suna da fifiko na doguwa da sassauƙa da rufe kai. A cikin babba mai lafiya, akwai kusan 150.

Gashi da gaske ya ƙunshi furotin, keratin, wanda ke da alhakin babban ƙarfin sa. Amma kuma yana ƙunshe da ruwa, acid mai kitse, melanin, zinc, bitamin da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin adadi kaɗan.

Gashi yana kunshe da wani bangare da ake iya gani, kara, da kuma tushen da aka binne a cikin wani karamin rami, gashin gashi.

Sanda na fitowa a saman fatar kan mutum. Launinsa ya bambanta dangane da mutum. Ya ƙunshi yadudduka uku: ɓargo, wanda kewayenta ya kewaye, ita kanta cuticle ta lulluɓe ta. Na karshen yana kunshe da madaidaicin sel wanda aka shirya kamar tiles a kan rufin: wannan tsari yana ba da damar rarrabe gashin, wanda ke hana su murɗawa. Cuticle shine yankin da ya ƙunshi mafi yawan keratin, wanda ke ƙarfafa gashi kuma yana sa shi ƙarfi sosai.

An dasa tushen a ƙarƙashin fata ba tare da izini ba. Yana nutsewa cikin gashin gashi, inda ake samar da gashin. A cikin ƙananan ɓangarensa akwai kwan fitila na gashi wanda yake a gindinsa, papilla gashi; A wannan matakin ne ake yin musayar abubuwan gina jiki da iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don haɓaka gashi. A saman kwan fitila akwai gland na sebaceous, wanda ke ɓoye sebum don lubrication na gashi.

A gindin follicle, muna kuma samun tsokar arrector. Yana kwangila ƙarƙashin tasirin sanyi ko tsoro.

Gashin gashi

Duk gashi an haife shi, yana rayuwa kuma yana mutuwa: wannan shine sake zagayowar gashi. Ba duk gashi ne a mataki ɗaya ba. A sake zagayowar yana kan matsakaicin shekaru 3 zuwa 4 kuma yana da matakai 3:

Lokacin Anagen - Girma

85% na gashin yana girma. Gashi yana samuwa a matakin kwan fitila kuma yana girma ta hanyar ninka keratinocytes, sel waɗanda ke haɗa keratin. Keratinocytes suna ƙaura daga yankin girma, suna ƙeƙashewa don ƙirƙirar gashin gashi sannan su mutu. Har ila yau, kwan fitila na gashi yana ƙunshe da nau'in sel na biyu, melanocytes, wanda ke haɗa melanin, launin da ke da alhakin launin gashi. Saurin haɓaka gashi shine 0,9-1,3cm kowace wata. Ya bambanta gwargwadon nau'in gashi, mafi sauri shine nau'in Asiya.

Lokacin Catagen - Huta

Lokacin da ake kira "ba da izini", yana ɗaukar makonni 2 zuwa 3 kuma ya shafi 1% na gashi. Ya yi daidai da hutun follicle: rabe -raben sel yana tsayawa, follicle yana taƙaitawa kuma yana raguwa cikin girma.

Lokaci na Telogen - The fall

Cikakken keratinization ne na gashi wanda, a cikin dogon lokaci, ana fitar da shi daga fatar kan mutum. Yana ɗaukar kusan watanni 2 don 14% na gashi. Sa'an nan kuma sake zagayowar ya ci gaba, sabon gashi ana samar da shi.

Matsayin gashi

Gashi yana da ƙaramin aiki na kare kai daga bugun.

Nau'in gashi da launi

Gashi yana da sifofi iri -iri. Sashin gashin gashi yana ba da damar rarrabe su:

• sashin oval, wanda ke nuna santsi, siliki da gashi mara nauyi,
• Sashe mai lebur wanda ke nuna gashin frizzy,
• Sashin zagaye wanda ke ba da gashi mai kauri, tare da muguwar dabi'a.

Akwai kuma banbanci tsakanin kabilu. Wani Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka zai nuna ƙarancin gashi, diamita, ƙarfi, da saurin girma. Ga mutumin da ya fito daga Asiya, gashi gaba ɗaya zai yi kauri da ƙarfi.

La Gashi gashi ana sarrafa ta melanocytes wanda ke haɗa melanin. Akwai launuka daban -daban - rawaya, ja, launin ruwan kasa da baƙar fata - waɗanda ta haɗuwa suke samar da launi na gashi. Dangane da farin gashi, melanocytes ba sa aiki.

Alopecia : yana nufin asarar gashi yana barin fatar jiki ko kaɗan. Akwai nau'i daban -daban.

Alopecia a cikin plaque (ko alopecia areata): yana haifar da asarar gashi a faci, galibi a fatar kan mutum. Fatar kwanyar tana riƙe da kamannin ta na yau da kullun, amma ba ta da gashi a wurare.

Baldness (ko androgenetic alopecia) : yana nufin asarar gashi yana barin fata gaba ɗaya. Ya fi shafar maza kuma galibi ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar gado.

Alamar alopecia : asarar gashi wanda lalacewa ta dindindin kan fatar kan mutum saboda cutar fata ko kamuwa da cuta (lupus, psoriasis, lichen planus, da sauransu).

Tabarma : ciwon fatar kan mutum da gashi wanda fungi, dermatophytes ke haifarwa. Kamuwa da cuta amma mai saurin yaduwa wanda yafi shafar yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 12. Shine sanadin alopecia a cikin yara, amma gashi yana girma a mafi yawan lokuta.

Effluvium télogene .

Tambayar da aka yi . Bayan haka kerbin fibrils yana kunshe a cikin yadudduka na ciki yana sake farfadowa, abin da aka sani da ƙarewa.

Gashi mai laushi . Ana samar da sebum da yawa. Suna samun sauƙin tarko ƙura da gurɓatawa, wanda zai iya harzuƙa fatar kai da haifar da ƙaiƙayi.

Dry ko raunin gashi: gashi wanda ya tsufa da sauri kuma wanda keratin ya rasa kayansa na roba. Sabili da haka, suna sauƙin karya lokacin gogewa, salo, ko yayin bacci. Suna da wuyar taɓawa, suna da wuyar rarrabuwa, kuma iyakar ta zama tsattsaguwa.

dandruff . Wannan lalacewar da ba a saba gani ba ta faru ne saboda hanzarta sabuntawar sel na epidermis na fatar kan mutum, wanda kumburinsa ya haifar. malassezia (a halin yanzu ta halitta, yana ƙaruwa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a wannan yanayin). Dandruff yana shafar mutum ɗaya cikin biyu a Faransa.

Seborrheic dermatitis . Ya fi shafar sassan fata na fata, gami da fatar kan mutum.

Wani lokaci shan wasu magunguna na iya haifar da asarar gashi. Wannan shine lamarin tare da wasu magungunan psychotropic. Bari mu ba da suna misali lithium wanda, wanda aka tsara don cututtukan bipolar, an gane cewa yana da alhakin alopecia.

Wasu magudanar jini, kamar warfarin da aka ba wa mutanen da ke fama da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini, alal misali, na iya haifar da alopecia a wasu mutane. A mafi yawan lokuta, dakatar da magani ko rage allurar yana ba da damar gashi ya sake girma.

Yin maganin chemotherapy ko radiation don magance cutar kansa shima yanayin da aka sani yana haifar da asarar gashi da asarar gashi na jiki. Yawancin lokaci alopecia na ɗan lokaci, gashin yana girma a ƙarshen jiyya.

Rashin daidaiton Hormonal, gajiya, abinci mara daidaituwa, rana ko damuwa duk abubuwan da zasu iya shafar lafiyar gashin mu. Hana alopecia ba zai yiwu ba. Koyaya, wasu matakan suna ba da gudummawa ga lafiyar gashi. Yin amfani da abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya da daidaituwa yana guje wa rashi kuma yana ba da mahimman abubuwan gina jiki don kyawun gashi kamar zinc, magnesium ko calcium. Cin abinci mai wadataccen bitamin B6 (salmon, ayaba ko dankali) na iya hana ko taimakawa wajen magance gashin mai, misali.

Jiyya na alopecia

Ruwan Minoxidil magani ne wanda ke rage jinkirin asarar gashi kuma yana ƙarfafa ci gaban gashi. Finasteride yana rage asarar gashi kuma a wasu lokuta yana haɓaka haɓaka gashi.

Binciken gani na gaba ɗaya . Wannan jarrabawar tana ba da damar tantance waɗanne lokuta ne za su iya amfana daga magani da waɗanda ba za su iya ba (fom ɗin da suka ci gaba sosai).

Trichogramme : binciken gashi a ƙarƙashin madubin dubawa don bincika tushen, auna diamita da ƙididdige faɗuwar. Yana ba da damar gano abubuwan da ke haifar da alopecia a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Nazarin toxicological : gashi yana da ikon adana abubuwan da muke shiga: barasa, cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, kwayoyi, amphetamines, arsenic, magungunan kashe qwari, masu lalata endocrine… jerin sun ci gaba. Ana amfani da gano magunguna da barasa musamman a fannin shari'a.

Gashi Gashi : gyaran gyaran gashi. Mai yiyuwa ne a cikin mutanen da sanyin jikinsu ya daidaita. Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar ɓangaren fatar kai da gashi da tushe a bayan fatar kan, inda aka tsara gashin don ya daɗe. Ana yanke waɗannan abubuwan da aka sanya su cikin gutsuttsarin da ke ɗauke da gashin gashi 1 zuwa 5 sannan a saka su a wuraren da ake sanƙo.

Kalmar "alopecia" ta fito ne daga Girkanci alopex wanda ke nufin "fox". An zaɓi wannan lokacin dangane da asarar fur ɗin da ke shafar wannan dabbar kowace bazara (2).

Gashi ya kasance alama ce ta lalata a cikin mata. Tuni a cikin tatsuniyoyin, alloli sun bayyana cewa suna da kyawawan gashi (Aphrodite da gashinta mai santsi, Venus wacce ke kula da gashin kanta…).

A cikin maza, gashi alama ce ta ƙarfi. Bari mu kawo labarin Samson (7) wanda ke jan ƙarfinsa na musamman daga gashin kansa. A cikin labarin Littafi Mai -Tsarki, matar da yake ƙauna wacce ta aske gashin kansa don ta bata masa ƙarfi. Fursunoni, yana samun duk ƙarfinsa lokacin da gashin kansa ya sake girma.