fadakarwa
Ana samun man kayan lambu masu ladabi daga tsaba na tsire-tsire iri-iri. Fat ɗin iri suna polyunsaturated, wanda ke nufin suna da ruwa a zafin jiki.
Akwai nau'ikan mai da aka tace da yawa, gami da canola ko man canola, man waken soya, man masara, man sunflower, man safflower, da man gyada.
Kalmar gamayya "man kayan lambu" tana nufin nau'ikan mai da ake samu daga dabino, masara, waken soya ko sunflowers.
kayan lambu mai hakar tsari
Hanyar fitar da man kayan lambu daga tsaba ba don squeamish ba. Dubi matakan tsari kuma yanke shawara da kanku idan wannan shine samfurin da kuke son cinyewa.
Don haka, ana tattara tsaba da farko, kamar waken soya, rapeseed, auduga, tsaba sunflower. A mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan nau'in suna fitowa ne daga tsire-tsire waɗanda aka tsara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta don su iya jurewa yawan adadin magungunan kashe qwari da ake amfani da su a cikin filayen.
Ana tsabtace iri da husk, datti da ƙura, sannan a niƙa.
Ana dumama tsaba da aka niƙa zuwa zafin jiki na digiri 110-180 a cikin wanka mai tururi don fara aikin hakar mai.
Bayan haka, ana sanya tsaba a cikin latsawa mai yawa, wanda aka matse mai daga cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara ta amfani da babban zafin jiki da gogayya.
Hexane
Sa'an nan kuma a sanya ɓangaren litattafan iri da mai a cikin akwati tare da kaushi na hexane kuma a yi musu magani a kan wanka mai tururi don fitar da ƙarin mai.
Ana samun Hexane ta hanyar sarrafa danyen mai. Yana da sanyin safiya. Numfashi mai yawa na hexane yana haifar da jin daɗi mai sauƙi wanda ke biye da alamun kamar barci, ciwon kai da tashin zuciya. An ga yawan guba na hexane na yau da kullun a cikin mutanen da ke amfani da hexane na nishaɗi, da kuma a cikin ma'aikatan masana'antar takalmi, masu gyara kayan daki, da ma'aikatan mota waɗanda ke amfani da hexane azaman mannewa. Alamomin farko na guba sun haɗa da tinnitus, ciwon hannaye da ƙafafu, tare da raunin tsoka gabaɗaya. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, atrophy na tsoka yana faruwa, da kuma asarar daidaituwa da nakasa na gani. A cikin 2001, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta zartar da wata ƙa'ida don sarrafa hayakin hexane saboda yuwuwar abubuwan da ke tattare da cutar kansa da kuma lalata muhalli.
kara sarrafawa
Ana yin cakuda tsaba da mai ta hanyar centrifuge kuma ana ƙara phosphate don fara aikin raba mai da kek.
Bayan fitar da sauran kaushi, sai a raba danyen mai sannan a fitar da sauran kaushi a samu. Ana sarrafa Makukha don samun kayan aiki irin su abincin dabbobi.
Daga nan sai a ci gaba da sarrafa danyen man kayan lambu, da suka hada da yankan, alkalizing da bleaching.
Rushewar ruwa. A yayin wannan aikin, ana ƙara ruwa a cikin mai. Bayan kammala aikin, ana iya raba hydrous phosphatides ko dai ta hanyar decantation (decantation) ko ta hanyar centrifuge. A lokacin aikin, ana cire mafi yawan ruwa mai narkewa har ma da karamin sashi na phosphatides wanda ba zai iya narkewa ba. Za a iya sarrafa resin da aka fitar zuwa cikin lecithin don samar da abinci ko don dalilai na fasaha.
Bucking. Duk wani fatty acid, phospholipids, pigments da waxes a cikin man da aka fitar suna haifar da oxidation mai kitse da launuka da dandano waɗanda ba a so a cikin samfuran ƙarshe. Ana cire waɗannan ƙazanta ta hanyar magance mai tare da soda caustic ko soda ash. Abubuwan ƙazanta suna daidaita a ƙasa kuma ana cire su. Man mai da aka gyara sun fi sauƙi a launi, ƙasa da danko kuma sun fi dacewa da iskar oxygen.
Bleaching. Manufar bleaching shine don cire duk wani abu mai launi daga mai. Ana kula da mai mai zafi da nau'ikan bleaching daban-daban kamar su cika, gawayi da aka kunna da yumbu mai kunnawa. Yawancin ƙazanta, gami da chlorophyll da carotenoids, ana kawar da su ta wannan tsari kuma ana cire su ta amfani da matattara. Duk da haka, bleaching yana ƙara yawan iskar shaka kamar yadda aka cire wasu antioxidants na halitta da na gina jiki tare da ƙazanta.