Naman kaza ba tsire-tsire ba ne ko dabbobi, sarauta ce daban. Wadancan namomin kaza da muke tarawa kuma muke ci kadan ne kawai na babban kwayoyin halitta. Tushen shine mycelium. Wannan jiki mai rai ne, kamar an saka shi da zaren bakin ciki. Mycelium yawanci yana ɓoye a cikin ƙasa ko wani abu mai gina jiki, kuma yana iya yada ɗaruruwan mita. Ba a iya ganinsa har sai jikin naman gwari ya fito a kai, ko dai chanterelle, stool, ko “gidan tsuntsu”.
A cikin 1960s an rarraba namomin kaza kamar fungi (lat. - fungi). Wannan iyali kuma ya haɗa da yisti, myxomycetes, da wasu sauran halittu masu alaƙa.
Kimanin nau'in fungi miliyan 1,5 zuwa 2 ne ke tsiro a duniya, kuma 80 ne kawai aka gano yadda ya kamata. A ka'ida, don nau'in shukar kore 1, akwai nau'ikan namomin kaza guda 6.
A wasu hanyoyi namomin kaza suna kusa da dabbobifiye da shuke-shuke. Kamar mu, suna shakar iskar oxygen kuma suna fitar da carbon dioxide. Protein naman kaza yana kama da sunadaran dabba.
Namomin kaza suna girma daga shawarwarikuma ba iri ba. Naman kaza daya balagagge yana samar da kusan spores biliyan 16!
Hieroglyphs da aka samu a cikin kaburburan Fir'auna sun nuna cewa Masarawa sun ɗauki namomin kaza "Tsarin dawwama". A lokacin, 'yan gidan sarauta ne kawai za su iya cin naman kaza; an hana talakawa cin wadannan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
A cikin yaren wasu kabilun Kudancin Amurka, namomin kaza da nama ana nuna su da kalma ɗaya, suna la'akari da su daidai da abinci mai gina jiki.
Tsohon Romawa da ake kira namomin kaza "Abincin Allah".
A cikin magungunan jama'ar kasar Sin, an yi amfani da namomin kaza tsawon dubban shekaru don magance cututtuka iri-iri. Kimiyyar Yammacin Turai yanzu ta fara amfani da mahadi masu aiki na likitanci da aka samu a cikin namomin kaza. Penicillin da streptomycin sune misalan masu ƙarfi maganin rigakafisamu daga namomin kaza. Ana kuma samun wasu mahadi na kashe kwayoyin cuta da na rigakafi a wannan masarauta.
Ana ɗaukar namomin kaza masu ƙarfi immunomodulators. Suna taimakawa yaki da asma, allergies, arthritis da sauran cututtuka. A halin yanzu likitocin Yammacin Turai suna binciken wannan kadarorin namomin kaza, kodayake ana iya yada kaddarorin warkarwa na fungi sosai.
Kamar mutane, namomin kaza suna samar da bitamin D lokacin da aka fallasa su ga hasken rana da hasken ultraviolet. Ana amfani da ƙarshen a cikin noman masana'antu na namomin kaza. Misali, adadin mitaki ya ƙunshi kashi 85% na shawarar yau da kullun na bitamin D. A yau, ana mai da hankali sosai ga ƙarancin wannan bitamin, wanda ke da alaƙa da cututtuka da yawa, gami da ciwon daji.
Namomin kaza sune:
Tushen niacin
Tushen selenium, fiber, potassium, bitamin B1 da B2
Ba ya ƙunshi cholesterol
Low a cikin adadin kuzari, mai da sodium
antioxidants
Kuma shi ma kyauta ne na ainihi na yanayi, mai gina jiki, mai dadi, mai kyau a kowane nau'i kuma yana son yawancin gourmets.