Kashi wani tsayayyen tsari ne wanda ya ƙunshi ma'adanai da collagen tare da tabbatar da ƙarfinsa. A tsawon rayuwa, kashi yana girma, ya karye, yana gyara kansa, amma kuma yana lalacewa. Gyaran kashi wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa, wanda ke buƙatar haɗin kai tsakanin osteoclasts da osteoblasts.

Nama na kasusuwa yana kunshe da sel kashi da matrix extracellular matrix, wanda ya ƙunshi furotin na collagen da waɗanda ba na collagenic ba. Sake gyare-gyaren nama na kashin baya shine sakamakon aikin nau'in sel guda uku:

• osteoclasts wanda ke lalata ƙasusuwan da suka ci gaba da lalacewa (resorption na kashi);
• osteoblasts wanda ke yin abubuwan da suka dace don gyara abubuwan da suka ɓace (samuwar kashi);
• osteocytes.

Dole ne a yi wannan farfadowa ta hanyar daidaitacce kuma a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsarin kashi da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfinsa.

Osteoclasts saboda haka kwayoyin kasusuwa ne ke da alhakin resorption na nama na kashi, kuma suna shiga cikin sabuntawa. Resorption na kasusuwa shine tsarin da osteoclasts ke rushe nama na kashi kuma ya saki ma'adanai, yana barin calcium don canjawa daga nama na kashi zuwa jini. Don haka osteoclasts suna lalata kayan kashi.

Lokacin da kasusuwa suka daina damuwa, osteoclasts sun rushe ainihin abin da aka ƙirƙira.

Yawancin lokaci akwai "ma'auni" tsakanin samuwar kashi da resorption. Yawancin cututtukan kwarangwal saboda haka suna zuwa daga rashin daidaituwa: ko dai sun yi tono da yawa, ko kuma ba su da isasshen ƙarfi, ko kuma haɗin waɗannan hanyoyin guda biyu ne.

Bugu da ƙari, osteocytes na iya aika siginar da ba daidai ba. Matsakaicin matakan hormone kuma na iya haifar da ƙara lalata kashi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa babban kashi yana raguwa a tsawon rayuwa:

• Idan resorption ya fi tsanani fiye da samuwar: ƙwayar kasusuwa yana raguwa, yana haifar da asarar kayan aikin injiniya na kashi kuma yana haifar da karaya (osteoporosis ko osteogenesis imperfecta);
• Idan samuwar ya wuce resorption: yawan kasusuwa yana ƙaruwa ba daidai ba, wanda zai haifar da osteosclerosis.

Nama na kashi yana jurewa tsarin tsufa tare da raguwar ayyukan ƙwayoyin kashi. Rushewar wannan sake fasalin kuma shine sanadin wasu cututtukan kashi.

Hanyoyin cututtuka na yawancin cututtuka na osteolytic suna hade da resorption na kashi ta hanyar osteoclasts.

Rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙa'idar resorption na kashi na iya haifar da:

• Osteoporosis: cututtukan kwarangwal wanda ke nuna raguwar yawan kashi da lalacewar tsarin ciki na nama na kashi. Ma'auni tsakanin samuwar kashi da resorption ya karye. Kasusuwa sun fi rauni kuma haɗarin karaya yana ƙaruwa;
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: (herditary congenital osteoporosis) cutar da ke da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙashi, saboda lahani na haihuwa a cikin samar da ƙwayoyin collagen a cikin nama mai haɗawa wanda ya zama tsarin kashi;
• Osteopetrosis: wanda aka fi sani da "kasusuwan marmara" kalma ce mai bayyanawa wacce ke nufin rukuni na ƙasusuwan da ba a saba gani ba kuma na gado, wanda ke nuna haɓakar ƙasusuwan ƙashi saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin haɓaka ko aikin osteoclasts;
• Cutar Paget na kashi: sabuntawar nama yana aiki da yawa kuma yana faruwa a cikin yanayin rashin lafiya. Don haka, ƙwayar kasusuwa ta lalace a wasu wurare kuma tsarin al'ada na farfadowa ba ya faruwa.

Osteoporosis / osteogenesis

Manufar magani shine don hana bayyanar karaya ta hanyar ƙarfafa ƙarfin nama na kashi.

Kafin kowane magani, likita:

• Yana gyara rashi na bitamin D mai yiwuwa kuma yana ba da ƙarin bitamin D, idan ya cancanta, wanda zai taimaka ƙarfafa ƙasusuwa;
• Tabbatar cewa kun sami isasshen calcium. Yana iya haifar da canji a cikin abincin abinci ko rubuta magani wanda ya haɗu da calcium da bitamin D;
• Ba da shawarar daina shan taba;
• Yana ƙarfafa aikin motsa jiki, don ƙarfafa daidaituwa, rage haɗarin fadowa;
• Yana tabbatar da aiwatar da matakan rigakafin faɗuwa.

Musamman jiyya: bisphosphonates, "kwayoyin suna rage jinkirin aiki na osteoclasts, kwayoyin da ke rushe kashi, don haka yana iyakance asarar kashi" da kuma hana haɗarin karaya.

Osteoporosis

Don osteopetrosis na yara, ana ba da shawarar dasawa na ƙwayoyin hematopoietic. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jini ne waɗanda ke fitowa daga kasusuwa ko jini.

Cutar Paget ta kashi

Ya kamata a kula da cutar Paget idan alamun suna haifar da rashin jin daɗi ko kuma idan akwai haɗari mai mahimmanci ko alamun da ke nuna rikice-rikice (ƙuma, osteoarthritis da nakasa). A cikin mutanen asymptomatic, magani na iya zama ba dole ba. Ana iya amfani da kowane ɗayan bisphosphonates daban-daban don rage ci gaban cutar Paget.

osteoporosis

Ana yin ganewar asali ne ta hanyar auna yawan kasusuwa ta hanyar densitometry da kuma x-ray na kashin baya na dorsolumbar don neman karayar kashin baya wanda wani lokaci ba a gane shi ba saboda ba shi da zafi.

Osteogenesis

Alamun asibiti (maimaita karaya, blue sclera, da dai sauransu) don ganowa da radiyo (osteoporosis da kasancewar kasusuwan tsutsotsi a kan x-ray na kwanyar). densitometry na kashi na iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Osteoporosis

Likitan ya fara ne da gwajin jiki da sakamakon binciken x-ray wanda zai nuna kauri da yawa na kasusuwa, da kuma hoton kashi a cikin kashi. Ana iya tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar nazarin DNA (gwajin jini).

Cutar Paget ta kashi

Gwajin jini, X-ray da scintigraphy na kashi yawanci shine kadai ke yin ganewar asali.