Kwakwalwa ta rabu da sauran jikin ta hanyar shingen jini-kwakwalwa. Ta yaya ƙwayoyin cuta ke ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa don samun damar tsarin jijiya ta tsakiya? Ta yaya shingen kwakwalwar jini ke aiki?

Shingayen kwakwalwar jini wani shamaki ne mai zaburarwa wanda babban aikinsa shi ne ya raba tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) daga magudanar jini. Tsarinsa yana ba da damar sarrafa mu'amala tsakanin jini da sashin kwakwalwa. Don haka shingen kwakwalwar jini ya kebe kwakwalwa daga sauran sassan jiki kuma ya samar mata da wani yanayi na musamman, daban da yanayin ciki na sauran sassan jiki.

Shamakin-kwakwalwar jini yana da abubuwan tacewa na musamman waɗanda ke ba shi damar hana abubuwa na waje masu haɗari daga shiga cikin kwakwalwa da kashin baya.

Wannan shingen hemoencephalic, godiya ga zaɓin tacewa, yana iya ba da izinin wucewar ruwa, wasu iskar gas da ƙwayoyin liposoluble ta hanyar rarrabawa, da kuma jigilar jigilar kwayoyin halitta kamar glucose da amino acid waɗanda ke taka rawa. Mahimmanci a cikin aikin neuronal da hana shigarwar yuwuwar neurotoxins na lipophilic, ta hanyar hanyar jigilar glycoprotein mai aiki.

Astrocytes (taimakawa kula da yanayin sinadarai da lantarki ta hanyar samar da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci ga kwakwalwa da fitar da shararsu) suna da mahimmanci wajen ƙirƙirar wannan shinge.

Shingayen na jini-kwakwalwa na kare kwakwalwa daga guba da kuma manzanni da ke yawo a cikin jini.

Bugu da ƙari, wannan rawar yana da kaifi biyu, saboda yana hana shigar da kwayoyin halitta don dalilai na warkewa.

Wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya wucewa ta wannan shinge ko dai ta cikin jini ko ta hanyar jigilar "retrograde axonal". Cututtuka daban-daban ne ke haifar da matsalar shingen kwakwalwar jini.

Neurodegenerative cututtuka

Saboda muhimmin aikin da yake da shi na kiyaye kwakwalwar mahaifa, shingen jini-kwakwalwa kuma zai iya zama farkon wasu cututtukan jijiya kamar cututtukan da ke haifar da jijiya da raunin kwakwalwa irin su cutar Alzheimer (AD) amma waɗanda ke da wuya sosai. .

ciwon mellitus

Sauran cututtuka, irin su ciwon sukari mellitus, suma suna da mummunar tasiri akan kiyaye shingen jini-kwakwalwa.

Sauran cututtuka

Sauran pathologies, a gefe guda, suna tsoma baki tare da aikin endothelium daga ciki, wato, duk shingen kwakwalwar jini yana lalacewa ta hanyar ayyuka daga matrix extracellular.

Sabanin haka, yawancin cututtukan kwakwalwa suna bayyana ta hanyar cewa wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa da ke haifar da cututtuka na kwakwalwa wadanda cututtuka ne masu lalacewa tare da yawan mace-mace ko kuma wadanda suka tsira daga mummunan cututtuka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, ƙwayoyin cuta iri-iri, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, cutar HI, ƙwayar cuta ta T-lymphotropic ɗan adam 1, cutar ta West Nile da ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su Neisseria meningitidis ko Vibrio cholerae.

A cikin mahara sclerosis, “pathogens” su ne sel na tsarin garkuwar jiki waɗanda ke ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa.

Kwayoyin metastatic sun sami nasarar ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa a wasu ciwace-ciwacen da ba na kwakwalwa ba kuma suna iya haifar da metastases a cikin kwakwalwa (glioblastoma).

Gudanar da magunguna ga kwakwalwa ta hanyar ketare shingen jini-kwakwalwa tafiya ce ta gaske domin yana hana samun magunguna, musamman ma wadanda ke da babban tsarin kwayoyin halitta, zuwa wurin da ya kamata a yi magani.

Wasu magunguna kamar Temozolomide, da ake amfani da su don yaƙar glioblastoma suna da sinadarai da kaddarorin jiki waɗanda ke ba shi damar wuce shingen ya kai ga ƙari.

Ɗaya daga cikin yuwuwar da aka bincika a ƙoƙarin kawar da wannan matsala ita ce aiwatar da dabarun da za su iya shiga shingen kwakwalwar jini ta hanyar inji.

Shingayen jini-kwakwalwa babbar shinge ce ga jiyya, amma ana gudanar da bincike.

Na farko samfurin samfurin da aka samo asali don MRI shine gadolinium (Gd) sannan kuma Gd-DTPA77, wanda ya ba da damar samun ƙarin MRI na ci gaba don ganewar cututtuka na gida na shinge na kwakwalwa na jini. Kwayar halittar Gd-DTPA ba ta da ƙarfi sosai don ketare shingen lafiyayyen jini-kwakwalwa.

Sauran hanyoyin daukar hoto

Amfani da "hotunan watsi da hotuna guda ɗaya" ko "positron emission tomography".

Hakanan za'a iya tantance lahani a cikin shingen kwakwalwar jini ta hanyar yada hanyoyin da suka dace ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoto.