Yankin lumbar, ko kashin baya na lumbosacral, yana nufin ɓangaren kashin baya da ke cikin ƙananan baya, sama da sacrum. Yankin wayar hannu sosai da tallafawa duk sauran kashin baya, ana amfani dashi sosai a kullun kuma wani lokacin wanda aka azabtar da tsufa. Hakanan, kashin lumbar galibi wurin jin zafi ne, wanda sanadin sa na iya zama da yawa.

Kalmar kashin baya tana nufin kashin baya. Ya ƙunshi tari daban -daban: Ƙwayoyin mahaifa 7, 12 dorsal (ko thoracic) vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum ya ƙunshi 5 fuskoki masu kamala kuma a ƙarshe coccyx ya ƙunshi 4 vertebrae.

Yankin lumbar yana nufin ƙananan, ɓangaren wayar hannu na kashin baya, wanda ke saman sacrum. Ya ƙunshi kasusuwa biyar na lumbar: L1, L2, L3, L4 da L5 vertebrae.

Waɗannan vertebrae guda biyar an haɗa su kuma an haɗa su a baya ta haɗin facet, kuma a gaba ta faifan vertebral. Tsakanin kowace vertebra, tushen jijiya yana fitowa ta ramukan da ake kira foramina.

Ƙashin baya na lumbar yana gabatar da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa zuwa bayan, wanda ake kira lumbar lordosis.

Kamar sauran kashin baya, kashin lumbar yana kare kashin baya har zuwa L1-L2 vertebrae, sannan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki daga L1-L2.

Dynamically, saboda wurin da yake, kashin baya na goyan bayan sauran kashin baya kuma yana tabbatar da motsi. Hakanan yana taka rawa mai jan hankali da rarraba kaya tsakanin ƙashin ƙugu da ƙashin ƙugu. Ƙwayoyin tsokoki na kashin baya, wanda kuma ake kira tsokar kashin baya, waɗanda ke ƙaruwa a ɓangarorin biyu na kashin baya suna taimakawa don sauƙaƙe wasu daga cikin wannan matsin da ake yi akan kashin baya.

Dangane da rikitarwa na jikin mutum, tsarin jijiyoyin jikin da ke dauke da shi, matsalolin inji na yau da kullun da ke tallafawa amma har da tsufa na ɗimbin tsarin sa daban -daban, ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa na iya shafar kashin na lumbar. Ga manyan.

Ƙananan ciwo

Ƙananan ciwon baya shine kalmar laima don ƙananan ciwon baya. A cikin sabbin shawarwarinsa game da gudanar da raunin ciwon baya, HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé) ya tuna da wannan ma'anar: “ƙananan ciwon baya an bayyana shi ta hanyar jin zafi da ke tsakanin hinge na thoracolumbar da ƙasan gluteal. Ana iya haɗa shi da radiculalgia daidai da zafi a cikin ɗaya ko duka ƙananan ƙafafu a ɗaya ko fiye dermatomes. "

A cikin tsari, zamu iya rarrabewa:

• ciwon baya baya -baya, wanda ke nuna ciwon baya mai rauni wanda baya da alamun faɗakarwa. A cikin 90% na lokuta, ciwon baya mai rauni na yau da kullun yana haɓaka da kyau a cikin ƙasa da makonni 4 zuwa 6, in ji HAS;
• ciwon ciwon baya mai tsanani, watau ciwon baya na tsawon fiye da watanni 3;
• da “matsanancin zafin ciwon baya” ko matsanancin ciwon baya, ko lumbago a cikin yaren yau da kullun. Yana da zafi mai zafi, na ɗan lokaci saboda galibi saboda motsin da ba daidai ba, ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi, ƙoƙarin kwatsam (sanannen "juyi na koda"). 

Lumbar Disc ta lalata

Ana nuna diski mai lalacewa ta hanyar ɓarkewar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ɓangaren gelatinous na diski intervertebral. Wannan hernia zai damƙa tushen tushen jijiya ɗaya ko fiye, yana haifar da ciwon baya ko zafi a cinya dangane da wurin da hernia take. Idan L5 vertebra ya shafi, hernia zai haifar da sciatica wanda ke fama da ciwo a cinya, yana saukowa a kafa zuwa babban yatsa.

Lumbar osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, wanda a matsayin tunatarwa cuta ce mai rauni na guringuntsi, na iya shafar gabobin da ke tsakanin kashin baya guda biyu. Wannan osteoarthritis na lumbar bazai haifar da wata alama ba, saboda yana iya haifar da ci gaban kashi wanda ake kira osteophytes wanda, ta fushin jijiya, zai haifar da ciwon baya.

Lumbar stenosis ko kunkuntar canal na lumbar

Lumbar stenosis ƙuntatawa ce ta tsakiyar canal na kashin baya, ko canal lumbar, wanda ya ƙunshi tushen jijiya. Yawancin lokaci yana da alaƙa da shekaru, kuma yana haifar da wahalar tafiya tare da jin rauni, ƙuntatawa, tingling a ƙafafu, sciatica da ke faruwa a cikin hutu ko lokacin aiki, kuma da wuya, inna. mafi mahimmanci ko importantasa mahimmanci na ƙananan ƙafa ko ayyukan sphincter.

Lumbar cuta cuta

Cututtukan diski na degenerative, ko lalacewar diski, ana rarrabe shi da tsufan tsufa na diski na intervertebral da bushewar ci gaba na tsakiya na gelatinous. Daga nan sai a tsinke diski kuma jijiyoyin jijiyoyin sun yi haushi, wanda ke haifar da ciwo a cikin ƙananan baya. Hakanan ana ɗaukar cutar diski na degenerative a matsayin babban dalilin ƙananan ciwon baya.

Degenerative lumbar scoliosis

Degenerative lumbar scoliosis yana bayyana kansa azaman nakasar kashin baya. Ya fi yawa a cikin mata, musamman bayan haila. Yana bayyana kansa ta ciwon baya da cikin gindi, yana haskakawa cikin cinya, galibi yana ƙaruwa da tafiya. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis shine sakamakon wasu dalilai: gazawar diski wanda aka ƙara rashin sautin tsoka, osteoporosis da raunin ligament na kashin baya.

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

Wannan ilimin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsufa na kashin baya yana bayyana kansa ta hanyar zamewar ɗaya daga cikin vertebra a ɗayan, gabaɗaya L4-L5. Lumbar canal stenosis da alamunta sun biyo baya.

Karayar lumbar

Karyawar kashin baya na iya faruwa a lokacin tasiri mai ƙarfi (haɗarin hanya musamman). Wannan raunin kashin baya na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da rauni ga kashin kashin baya da / ko tushen jijiya, haɗarin sannan ya zama inna. Karyawar kuma na iya zama mara tsayayye, kuma a yayin ƙaurawar sakandare na haifar da haɗarin jijiyoyin jiki.

Ƙananan ciwo

A cikin sabbin shawarwarinsa game da gudanar da ciwon baya mai rauni, HAS ta tuna cewa motsa jiki shine babban magani wanda ke ba da damar juyin halitta na wannan cutar. An kuma nuna aikin motsa jiki. Game da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, an tuna "cewa babu wani maganin analgesic da ya tabbatar yana da tasiri a cikin matsakaicin lokaci kan ci gaban mummunan rauni na ciwon baya, amma wannan ya kammala aikin sarrafa analgesic, farawa da matakin analgesics I (paracetamol, NSAIDs), na iya zama aiwatarwa don sauƙaƙe hare -hare masu raɗaɗi ”. Har ila yau, HAS ta jaddada "mahimmancin kulawa ta duniya ga mai haƙuri da aka sani da" bio-psycho-social ", la'akari da ƙwarewar mai haƙuri da sakamakon ciwon sa (na zahiri, na tunani da na zamantakewa da ƙwararru).

Kwafi na Herniated

Maganin layin farko shine alamar: analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, infiltrations. Idan magani ya kasa, ana iya ba da tiyata. Tsarin, wanda ake kira discectomy, ya haɗa da cire hernia don kawar da tushen jijiyar da ta fusata.

Lumbar stenosis

Maganin layin farko shine mai ra'ayin mazan jiya: analgesics, anti-inflammatories, rehabilitation, har da corset ko infiltration. Idan magani ya gaza, ana iya ba da tiyata. Hanyar, wanda ake kira laminectomy ko sakin kashin kashin baya, ya haɗa da cire ɗimbin lamina don yantar da canal na kashin baya.

Degenerative Disc cuta

Maganin layi na farko alama ce: analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, infiltrations, aikin gyara. Za a yi la'akari da aikin tiyata a yayin rashin nasarar maganin likita da naƙasa ciwo a kullun. Lumbar arthrodesis, ko haɗaɗɗen kashin baya, ya ƙunshi cire diski da ya lalace sannan a sanya na'urar lafiya tsakanin kashin baya guda biyu don kula da tsayin diski.

Degenerative lumbar scoliosis

Analgesics, magungunan kumburi da allura sune farkon alamun alamun cutar. Idan akwai gazawa da raɗaɗi mai zafi, ana iya yin tiyata. Bayan haka arthrodesis zai yi niyyar haɗe ƙasa mai jujjuyawar kashin baya da lalata tushen jijiyoyin.

Karayar lumbar

Jiyya ya dogara da nau'in karaya da lalacewar jijiyoyin da ke tattare da shi ko a'a. Yin tiyata zai yi niyya, gwargwadon yanayin, don dawo da kwanciyar hankali na kashin baya, don dawo da jikin ɗan adam da ya karye, don rarrabuwar sassan jijiyoyin jiki. Don wannan, ana amfani da dabaru daban -daban: arthrodesis, fadada kashin baya, da sauransu.

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

Idan rashin nasarar maganin likita (analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and infiltrations), arthrodesis na iya yin la'akari.

X-ray na kashin baya

Wannan daidaitaccen gwajin yana kimanta yanayin halittar kashin baya gaba ɗaya. An umurce shi sau da yawa azaman magani na farko don ƙananan ciwon baya. Yana sa ya yiwu a gano kasancewar raunin raunin da ya faru (lumbar osteoarthritis), matsin lamba na vertebral ko ɓarna na ƙashin ƙugu, ɓarna na ƙididdiga (scoliosis) ko zamewar ƙashin ƙugu. A gefe guda, ba koyaushe yana sa ya yiwu a tantance ɓarkewar ƙwayar cuta ba. Fayafai, kashin kashin baya, tushen jijiya shine tsarin radiyo (suna ba da damar X-haskoki su wuce), x-ray na kashin lumbar baya nuna faifan herniated ko pathologies na kashin baya.

MRI na kashin baya na lumbar

MRI shine daidaitaccen bincike na kashin lumbar, musamman don gano cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki. Yana ba da damar gani da gani a cikin girma 3 sassan kasusuwa da sassa masu taushi: kashin baya, jijiya, diski, tushen jijiya. Kuma don haka don gano cututtukan cututtuka daban -daban na kashin lumbar: diski herniated, cututtukan diski na degenerative, ƙirar diski, stenosis lumbar, kumburin faranti, da dai sauransu.

CT lumbar kashin baya

CT lumbar CT scan ko lissafin tomography shine daidaitaccen jarrabawa idan raunin kashin baya. Hakanan yana iya tantance diski mai ɗaci, tantance ƙimar lumbar stenosis, gano metastases kashi na vertebral. Hakanan an tsara shi gabaɗaya azaman wani ɓangare na kimantawa na aikin tiyata na kashin baya, musamman don tantance matsayin tasoshin.