Binciken manyan mutane yana daya daga cikin dabarun da Gwamnati ta sanya don shawo kan cutar ta Covid-19. Tare da kusan gwaje -gwajen PCR miliyan 1,3 da ake yi kowane mako a Faransa, irin wannan gwajin shine mafi amfani a cikin ƙasar. Yaya ake gudanar da gwajin? Shin abin dogara ne? An kula da shi? Duk amsoshin tambayoyinku game da gwajin PCR.

Ana iya amfani da PCR (polymerase chain reaction) gwajin virological don tantance ko mutum yana da kwayar cutar a lokacin gwajin. Ya ƙunshi gano kasancewar kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 (da ke da alhakin cutar Covid-19) a cikin jikin mutum, mafi daidai a cikin sashin numfashi na sama.

Jarabawar ta ƙunshi shigar da auduga mai sassauƙa (swab) a cikin kowane hanci har zuwa nasopharynx na mintuna kaɗan. Wannan tsari ba shi da daɗi amma ba mai zafi ba ne. Sannan ana nazarin samfurin a cikin dakin gwaje -gwaje ta amfani da hanyar da ake kira "polymerase chain reaction" (PCR). Wannan dabarar tana ba da damar gano RNA na ƙwayar cuta, kwayar halittar sa, wacce ta wata hanya ta keɓanta ta. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Faransa (HAS), mafi kyawun lokacin don gano SARS-CoV-2 RNA shine kwanaki 1 zuwa 7 bayan fara bayyanar cututtuka. Kafin ko bayan wannan lokacin, gwajin PCR ba zai zama mafi kyau ba.

Samuwar sakamako

Yawancin lokaci ana samun sakamakon a cikin awanni 36 na tattarawa. Amma saboda yawan mutanen da ke son yin gwaji a halin yanzu, wannan lokacin na iya yin tsayi, musamman a manyan biranen.

Yayin jiran sakamakon gwajin, mai haƙuri dole ne ya kasance a tsare a gida kuma yana girmama alamun shinge.

Ana yin gwajin PCR a cibiyoyin tantancewa. Ana samun jerin cibiyoyin da aka kafa a ko'ina cikin Faransa a shafin sante.fr ko a shafin Hukumar Lafiya ta Yanki (ARS). A kan shafin sante.fr, masu amfani za su iya samun bayanan adireshin kowane wurin samfur, bayanai kan jadawalin, ramummuka ga mutanen fifiko, lokacin jira, da sauransu.

Tsarin gwajin Covid-19

Kamar yadda dabarun gwajin Covid-19 ya ƙaru tun lokacin da aka yanke hukunci na farko (Mayu 11, 2020), ana iya gwada kowa a yau. Lallai yana yiwuwa a gwada tare da ko ba tare da takardar likita ba tun daga ranar 25 ga Yuli. fifiko ga wasu mutane:

• wadanda ke da alamun cutar;
• lambobin tuntuba;
• wadanda ke da takardar likita;
• ma'aikatan jinya ko makamancin haka.

A shafinta na yanar gizo, gwamnati ta nuna cewa "ga waɗannan masu sauraro, an kafa wuraren gwajin lokacin sadaukarwa a dakunan gwaje -gwaje".

Gwajin PCR mai kyau ba tare da alamun Covid-19 ba

Kyakkyawan gwaji yana nufin cewa mutumin yana ɗaukar kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2. Idan babu alamun cutar ko kuma idan alamun ba su da mahimmanci, dole ne mai haƙuri ya kasance yana warewa har zuwa murmurewa, watau aƙalla kwanaki 7 bayan bayyanar alamun farko na cutar da kwana 2 bayan ɓacewar cutar. zazzaɓi. Ya rage ga likita ya ƙayyade ƙarshen warewar. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da umarnin rufe mashin tiyata ga mai haƙuri, a cikin adadin masakuna 2 a kowace rana don tsawon lokacin keɓewa kuma za a bayar da dakatarwar aiki idan ya zama dole don rufe lokacin keɓewa.

Gwajin PCR mai kyau tare da alamun Covid-19

Ga mutanen da suka gwada inganci (waɗanda alamun su ba su da mahimmanci) kuma waɗanda ke raba ɗakin su, dafa abinci ko banɗaki tare da wasu mutane, likita na iya ba da shawarar cewa su je asibiti na musamman a lokacin keɓewa don kada su gurɓata su.

A ƙarshe, idan aka sami tabbataccen gwaji a cikin mutumin da ke nuna manyan alamu, musamman wahalar numfashi, wannan mutumin za a kwantar da shi asibiti nan da nan.

A yayin gwajin PCR mara kyau, hanya ta bambanta dangane da shari'ar.

Idan mutumin ya ɗauki gwajin saboda sun nuna alamun Covid-19, dole ne su ci gaba da bin ƙa'idodin shinge, musamman idan suna cikin waɗanda ake ganin suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar (tsofaffi, mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya. cuta…). Sakamakon mummunan yana nufin cewa ba ita ce mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar ba a lokacin gwajin amma ba wai tana da kariya daga cutar ba (har yanzu tana iya kamuwa da cutar).

A matsayin wani ɓangare na “karar lamba”

Idan an gwada mutumin saboda an gano su a matsayin “yanayin tuntuɓar”, dole ne su kasance cikin keɓewa har sai an warkar da mai haƙuri idan suna zaune tare kuma duka biyun dole ne su maimaita gwajin kwanaki 7 bayan murmurewa. Idan gwajin gwaji mara kyau na biyu, ana iya ɗaga keɓewar. Idan mutumin da ya yi gwajin baya zama tare da marassa lafiya (s) da suka yi hulɗa da su, warewar ta ƙare lokacin da aka karɓi sakamakon gwajin mara kyau. Dole ne a lura da alamomin shinge da sanya abin rufe fuska sosai.

Gwajin PCR na hanci shine mafi amintacce har zuwa yau, tare da ƙimar aminci sama da 80%. Koyaya, ana iya samun raunin ƙarya lokacin da ba a ɗauki samfurin daidai ba:

• ba a tura swab ba sosai har cikin hanci;
• ba a yi gwajin ba a lokacin da ya dace (tsakanin ranar 1 zuwa ranar 7 bayan fara bayyanar cututtuka na farko).

Shari'ar tabbatattun ƙarya

Hakanan ana iya samun tabbatattun abubuwan ƙarya (an gano mutumin yana da inganci duk da cewa ba masu ɗaukar cutar ba ne). Amma suna da wuya sosai kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da matsala tare da reagent da aka yi amfani da su yayin nazarin samfurin.

Kudin gwajin PCR € 54. Inshorar Lafiya ta rufe shi 100%, ko kuna yi tare da ko ba tare da takardar likita ba. Yawancin dakunan gwaje -gwajen da ke aiwatar da shi sun kebe daga ci gaban kudade, don haka marasa lafiya ba za su biya komai ba. Koyaya, wasu cibiyoyin gwaji na iya neman ci gaba da farashin. Ana mayar da waɗannan akan takardar kulawa (da za a aika zuwa asusun inshorar lafiyar ku).

Gwajin PCR sune aka fi amfani da su a yau saboda sune mafi aminci. Amma akwai wasu gwaje-gwaje don gano kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2:

Gwajin serological:

Suna ba da damar tantance kasancewar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jinin da jiki zai samar a cikin martani ga ƙwayar cutar. Idan gwajin serological ya gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin mutumin da aka gwada, wannan yana nufin cewa shi ko ita mai ɗauke da ƙwayar cutar ce, amma sakamakon baya ba mu damar sanin lokacin da cutar ta samo asali.

Gwajin Antigenic:

Kamar yadda gwajin PCR, gwajin antigen ya ƙunshi kumburin nasopharyngeal. Amma sabanin gwajin PCR, baya gano cutar RNA amma takamaiman sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana kiranta antigens. Ana samun sakamako da sauri fiye da gwajin PCR saboda samfurin baya buƙatar aikawa zuwa dakin gwaje -gwaje.

An sanya shi a kan tsiri mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke ɗaure da antigens da ake so sannan sakamakon ya bayyana a cikin mintuna 15 zuwa 30. Dangane da HAS, ana ba da shawarar waɗannan gwaje -gwajen lokacin da gwajin PCR bai samu ba, lokacin da jinkirin samun sakamakon gwajin PCR ya yi yawa, kuma zai fi dacewa a cikin mutanen da ke da alamu ko lambobin tuntuɓar shari'ar da aka tabbatar. (alamomi ko a'a).