Gindin ya ƙunshi ɓangaren saman kwanyar, wanda kuma ana iya kiransa sinciput. Don haka tsinkayen shine saman kai, sashin sama na akwati na cranial, a cikin mutane amma kuma a cikin duk tsutsotsi ko ma a cikin arthropods. Gindin, wanda kuma ake kira da kwanyar kai, ya ƙunshi kasusuwa huɗu a cikin mutane.

Gindin ya ƙunshi, a cikin tsinkaye, gami da mutum, har ma a cikin kwari, saman kwanyar. Wani lokaci ana kiranta murfin kwanyar, saboda haka tsinkaye shine, a cikin jikin mutum, ɓangaren saman akwatin kwanyar: shine saman saman kai. Ana kuma kiranta sinciput.

A cikin ilmin jikin mutum, a cikin mutane, murfin kwanyar ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa huɗu na kwanyar:

• kashi na gaba;
• kasusuwan parietal guda biyu;
• ko occipital. 

Waɗannan ƙasusuwa an haɗa su ta hanyar sutura. Suture na jijiyoyin jini yana haɗa ƙasusuwa na gaba da na parietal, sagittal suture yana tsakanin ƙasusuwan parietal guda biyu, kuma sutdo na lambdoid ya haɗu da ƙasusuwa na parietal da occipital.

Kamar kowane nau'in kasusuwa, vertex ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sel guda huɗu:

• osteoblasts;
• osteocytes;
• sel masu iyaka;
• kasusuwa. 

Bugu da kari, matrix na extracellular an ƙididdige shi, yana ba wa wannan ƙwayar ta yanayin sa mai ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, wannan yana sa ya zama mara haske ga haskoki, don haka yana ba da damar nazarin ƙasusuwa ta hanyar x-ray.

Gefen yana shiga cikin kariyar kwakwalwa, a samansa. A zahiri, ginshiƙan kasancewar ƙashi ne, sabili da haka kwarangwal, yana da aikin injiniya.

Lallai, ƙashin ƙashi yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayayya a cikin jiki, don haka yana iya jurewa matsalolin injin. Wannan shine yadda tsinkaye ke taka rawar kariya ga kwakwalwa a matakin saman kai.

Ƙananan hematoma

Halittar cututtukan da ke shafar jijiyoyin jiki an kafa ta hematoma na extradural, wanda galibi yana bin babban girgiza wanda ke haifar da fashewar jijiyar da ke saman farfajiyar meninges. A haƙiƙa wannan hematoma ya samo asali ne daga tarin jini wanda ke tsakanin kashin kwanyar da dura, ko kuma mafi girman kashin meninges, ambulaf da ke kare kwakwalwa. Don haka zubar jini ne tsakanin ɗaya daga cikin ƙasusuwan kwanyar da ke zama tsintsiya da dura na kwakwalwa.

Extra-dural hematoma wanda aka sanya shi zuwa gaɓoɓin yana da wuya, ƙaramin kashi ne kawai na duk hematomas na karin-dural. Lallai, wannan nau'in hematoma yana shafar jijiyoyin jiki kawai a cikin 1 zuwa 8% na duk larurar hematoma mai wuce gona da iri. Yana iya haifar da hawaye a cikin sagittal sinus, kodayake ƙarin hematomas na jijiyoyin da ke bayyana kwatsam an kuma bayyana su a cikin adabi.

Extra-dural hematoma (EDH) na tsinkaye yana da sifofi na asibiti na musamman, saboda haka keɓewar asibiti na raunin yana da rikitarwa. Wannan cuta na iya zama mai tsanani ko na kullum.

Ana iya danganta asalin zub da jini, kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, zuwa hawaye a cikin sagittal sinus, amma sanadin zubar jini kuma yana iya zama jijiya. Alamomin da aka fi sani da su shine ciwon kai mai tsanani, hade da amai.

Bugu da ƙari, lamuran EDH na tsinkaye suna da alaƙa da haemplegia, paraplegia, ko hemiparesis. Wannan ƙarin hematoma na vertex ya kasance da wuya.

Sauran cututtuka

Sauran cututtukan da za su iya shafar jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki sune cututtukan kasusuwa, kamar su ciwace -ciwacen daji ko munanan cututtuka, cutar Paget ko ma karaya, idan an sami rauni. Tumors ko pseudotumors na cranial vault, musamman, sune raunin da ake yawan samu a aikace na yanzu kuma gano wanda galibi yana yin sa. Galibi suna da kyau.

Za a bi da wani ƙarin hematoma mai ƙima a matakin ƙashin ƙugu, gwargwadon girman hematoma, matsayin asibiti na mai haƙuri da sauran abubuwan binciken rediyo da ke da alaƙa. Yakamata a kula sosai yayin tiyata, saboda tsagewa a cikin sagittal sinus na iya haifar da asarar jini mai yawa har ma da tashin hankali.

Za a bi da sauran cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki ko dai ta hanyar magunguna don magance zafin, ko ta hanyar tiyata, ko, a cikin ƙari, ta tiyata, ko ma chemotherapy da radiotherapy a cikin yanayin ƙari. m na wannan kashi.

Sakamakon ganewar hematoma mai ƙanƙantar da kai wanda yake a matakin tsinkaye na iya haifar da rikicewar bincike. CT scan (lissafin tomography) na kai zai iya taimakawa cikin ganewar asali. Koyaya, dole ne a kula don kada a yi kuskure tare da kayan tarihi ko hematoma na subdural.

A zahiri, MRI (hoton resonance magnetic) shine mafi kyawun kayan aikin bincike wanda zai iya tabbatar da hakan. Bayyanar farko da kuma saurin maganin hematoma na extradural na iya taimakawa rage mace -mace da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da wannan cututtukan.

Don ganewar wasu cututtukan cututtukan kashi, ana haɗa hoton asibiti akai -akai tare da kayan aikin hoto don gano ko fashewa ko fashewa, ko ɓarna mai ƙima ko m, ko cutar Paget.

An bayar da rahoton shari'ar farko na hematoma na ƙarin-dural vertex a cikin 1862, ta Guthrie. Dangane da shari'ar farko da aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya wanda aka yi amfani da MRI a cikin ganewar asalin hematoma na ɓarna, ya kasance daga 1995.

A ƙarshe, ya juya cewa ilimin cututtukan cututtukan hematoma da ke shafar jijiyoyin jini ya sha bamban da na hematomas na ƙarin-dural da ke kan wasu rukunin kwanyar: hakika, ko da ƙaramin jini na iya buƙatar tiyata. , lokacin da hematoma yake a cikin tsinkaye, yayin da a lokaci guda ƙaramin, hematoma asymptomatic wanda ke cikin wasu wuraren kwanyar bazai buƙaci tiyata.