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Katrans, katranovye - babban iyali na matsakaici-size sharks, wanda ya hada da nau'i biyu da nau'in 70. Girma yawanci ba su wuce 2 m, yayin da mafi yawan nau'in katranovyh girma har zuwa 60-90 cm. Ya kamata a lura da cewa dukan detachment na katranovidnye (spiny sharks) hadawa 22 genera da 112 jinsunan. Rarraba sosai. Wurin zama nasu shine ruwan sanyi da sanyi na Tekun Duniya a Arewaci da Kudancin Duniya. Katrans sananne ne a tsakanin masu son kamun kifi na Rasha, saboda na kowa ko hange shark shark (katran), wanda ke zaune a cikin teku yana wanke yankin Rasha, na dangi ɗaya ne. Wannan ɗan ƙaramin kifi ne wanda ya kai mita 1, kodayake wani lokacin akwai mutane kusan tsayin mita 2 kuma suna yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 14. Yana da siffa elongated jiki. Siffar tsarin waje shine kasancewar wani karu mai tsini a gindin ƙofofin dorsal. Galibi yana jagorantar rayuwar garke. Abincin sharks ya bambanta sosai. Babban abincin katrans shine nau'in nau'in kifaye daban-daban, kamar herring, sardines, da sauransu. Amma da aka ba da salon rayuwa na ƙasa, menu ya haɗa da crustaceans daban-daban, tsutsotsi, mollusks da ƙari. An san shari'o'in dogon ƙaura na sharks, amma an yi imanin cewa babban mazaunin yana cikin yankin bakin teku a zurfin har zuwa 200 m. Katran wannan nau'in shine mafi girma a cikin iyali. Sauran kifayen ba a san su ba kuma kaɗan ne. Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) shark, wanda kuma ana iya samuwa a cikin yankunan ruwa na Rasha. Wasu nau'in katran suna rayuwa ne kawai a zurfin zurfi. Daga cikin wadannan akwai: black spiny shark, Portuguese shark. Zurfin mazaunin irin wannan nau'in zai iya kaiwa 2700 m. Katrans sanannen abu ne na kamun kifi na nishaɗi. Ko da yake masunta suna ganin wadannan sharks a matsayin nau'in cutarwa, saboda sau da yawa suna lalata kayan aikin yanar gizon kuma suna cin abin da aka kama. Ana bambanta kifi da dadi, nama maras kasusuwa ba tare da takamaiman wari ba, kamar yawancin nau'in sauran sharks.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
An kama Katran da gangan, kuma yana zuwa kamar yadda aka kama. Wannan baya buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da sauƙin sauƙi, kuma babban fasalin shine ƙarfi. Don kama katran, zaku iya amfani da kayan juyi, tiers, jakuna da ƙari. Ga yawancin masu kama kifi a bakin tekun Black Sea, katran kamun kifi abu ne mai ban sha'awa, domin kifi ne mai rai tare da nama mai dadi da taushi. Ya kamata a lura a nan cewa yanki na rarraba uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe katran, a cikin teku na wanke Rasha, ba ya ƙare tare da Black Sea. Yayin tafiye-tafiyen jiragen ruwa kusa da Kola Peninsula da kuma Gabas mai Nisa, yana yiwuwa a gamu da garken garken wannan ƙaramin kifin, wanda ke farautar naman daji da sauran ƙananan kifi. Ana kama shark daga bakin teku da kuma daga jiragen ruwa daban-daban. A cikin teku, ana yawan neman katrana da garken gull da ke tare da makarantun ƙananan kifi. Fiye da yawa, ana kama wannan kifi ta hanyar yin amfani da batsa na halitta. Ganin cewa shark sau da yawa ya fi son salon rayuwa, yin amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban na ƙasa, musamman lokacin kamun kifi daga bakin teku, ya fi dacewa. Da magariba da daddare, katran yakan tunkari bakin tekun don neman abinci, sau da yawa a wuraren ayyukan mutane.
Kwalta ta kamun kifi a kan juyi
Yawancin masu son kama katran suna amfani da na'urori masu juyawa. Wasu masu kifaye suna da ra'ayin cewa sandunan jujjuyawar ya kamata su zama "marin ruwa". Babban abubuwan da ake buƙata don sanda shine rarraba isasshen iko, amma ana bada shawarar aikin ya zama matsakaici da sauri ko kusa da parabolic. Hakan ya faru ne saboda kifin, musamman a matakin farko na wasa, yana yin kaifi mai kaifi, wanda zai haifar da asarar kayan aiki. Don kamun kifi na katran, sandunan kamun kifi sanye take da duka biyun mai yawa da kuma reels marasa ƙarfi sun dace. Kamun kifi na Catran akan jujjuyawar ruwa ya fi tasiri ta hanyar lallashi a tsaye da jigging. A kowane hali, tare da kamun kifi da aka yi niyya akan katran, yana da daraja amfani da leashes da aka yi da kayan dorewa. A cikin mafi sauƙi, yana iya zama monofilament mai kauri, fluorocarbon, da sauransu. Kamun kifi na teku, a matsayin mai mulkin, baya buƙatar kayan aiki mai laushi, kuma a cikin yanayin katran, kar ka manta cewa wannan shark ne, ko da yake ƙananan. Lokacin fada, yana da kyau a ji tsoron ba haƙora ba kamar yadda kaifi mai kaifi a cikin fins. Lokacin yin amfani da kayan ado na wucin gadi, yana yiwuwa a yi kifi tare da hanyoyin gargajiya na "simintin gyare-gyare", da kuma "waƙa" ko "trolling". Lokacin cizon, ya zama dole don yin yanke mai kaifi, la'akari da gaskiyar cewa mafi girma zurfin, mafi yawan motsi ya kamata ya kasance. Ana samun kamun kifi mafi inganci don judawa ta hanyar amfani da naman kifi, kifin kifi da sauran abubuwa akan koto.
Batsa
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ana yin kamun kifi mafi nasara don katrans ta amfani da bats na halitta. A cikin Bahar Maliya, masu kama kifi suna kama katrans tare da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan, don haka suna amfani da batsa na gargajiya don kamun kifi, kamar yankan kifi, kifin kifi, tsutsotsin teku, kifin matasa, da sauransu. Lokacin amfani da snap-ins don jujjuyawar tsaye, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da duka manya da ƙanana masu juyawa tare da ƙarin sinkers, misali, a cikin sigar “sliding”. Lokacin kamun kifi ta hanyar tururuwa, yana da kyawawa a yi amfani da ƙarin lamuni masu gudu.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, katrans a cikin teku suna wakilta sosai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ba su nan a cikin equatorial, yankunan subquatorial da kuma a cikin manyan yankuna na Arctic da Antarctic. A Arewa maso Yamma, a cikin yankunan ruwa na Rasha, an san katran a yankunan Murmansk da Arkhangelsk (Barents da White Seas). Anan ana kiransa nokotnitsa ko marigold. Shahararren kamun kifi na katrana a cikin Bahar Maliya. A lokaci guda kuma, a cikin Gabas mai Nisa, ana iya kama katran a cikin ruwa na dukkan tekuna da ke kusa da kasar Rasha, daga Tekun Bering da kuma kudu. Kamun kifi na katrans ya shahara sosai a ƙasashen gabashi da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ba karamin ci gaba ba shine hakar katrans a Arewacin Turai da Yammacin Turai. A kasuwar Turai, kifin na iya zuwa ƙarƙashin sunan "sea eel".
Ciyarwa
Duk katrans suna ovoviviparous. Matan Katran suna ɗaukar zuriya a cikin mahaifa 13-15 qwai. Haihuwa ya yi ƙasa sosai, sau da yawa ɗaki ɗaya ne kawai ake haifa a cikin mata. A wasu nau'ikan, ciki yana faruwa kusan shekaru 2. Girman kifin da aka haifa yana da kusan 20-25 cm.