Ureter (daga Girkanci urêtêr) bututu ne a cikin fitsari wanda ke ɗauke da fitsari daga kodan zuwa mafitsara.

Matsayi. Akwai biyu ureters. Kowane mafitsara yana farawa daga ƙashin ƙugu, ɓangaren kodar da ke tara fitsari, yana saukowa tare da yankin lumbar kafin ya ƙare tafiyarsu ta hanyar sakawa ta bangon saman mafitsara na mafitsara (1).

Structure. Ureter shine bututun da aka auna tsakanin 25 zuwa 30 cm tsayi, tare da diamita daga 1 zuwa 10 mm, kuma yana gabatar da wurare uku na tsauraran matakai (2). Muscular and elastic, bangonsa ya ƙunshi yadudduka uku (3):

• Mai lalatawa wanda shine Layer na waje wanda aka yi da ƙwayar tsoka mai santsi
• Lamina propria wanda shine tsaka -tsaki na kayan haɗin kai wanda ya ƙunshi jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini.
• Urothelium wanda shine murfin ciki na mucous membrane wanda ya ƙunshi sel urothelial.

Excretion na sharar gida na rayuwa. Aikin masu fitar da fitsari shine fitar da dattin da suka taru a cikin fitsari, a dauke shi daga duwawun koda zuwa mafitsara kafin a kawar da shi (2).

Urinary lithiasis. Wannan cututtukan ya yi daidai da samuwar duwatsu, abubuwan da aka ƙera na gishirin ma'adinai, a matakin ureters. Waɗannan lissafin za su kai ga toshewar bututun. Wannan cuta za a iya bayyana ta ciwo mai tsanani da ake kira renal colic. (4)

Cutar da Ureter. Akwai abubuwa da yawa na ci gaban da zasu iya shafar ureter. Misali, lahani a cikin vesico-uteric reflux yana haifar da gajeriyar sashin ureter a matakin mafitsara, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtuka (5).

Ciwon daji na Ureteral. Kwayoyin ureter na iya shafar cututtukan da ba su da kyau (marasa cutar kansa) ko munanan (masu cutar kansa). Na ƙarshen suna da alaƙa da carcinoma urothelial, ƙwayoyin cutar kansa waɗanda suka samo asali daga urothelium (3). Wannan nau'in ciwon kansa shima yana nan a lokuta da ciwon daji na mafitsara.

Maganin magani. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da magunguna daban -daban kamar su maganin rigakafi ko masu rage zafin ciwo.

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya yin tiyata. Dangane da cutar kansar ureteric, ana iya aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban dangane da mataki da juyin halittar ƙwayar: cire ƙwayar ta hanyar tiyata na endoscopic, cirewa ta wani bangare ta hanyar juzu'in kashi ko kawar da duka ureter ta m nephro-ureterectomy (3).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Dangane da matakin tumor, ana iya saita zaman jiyyar cutar sankara ko radiotherapy. (6)

Binciken fitsari na fitsari (ECBU). Game da cututtukan ureteric, ana iya yin wannan gwajin don gano ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin fitsari da kuma jin daɗin maganin rigakafi. Ana yin wannan binciken musamman idan akwai rikitarwa na cystitis.

Gwajin hoton likitanci. Za a iya amfani da gwaje -gwajen hotunan likita daban -daban don nazarin mafitsara: duban dan tayi, urography na ciki, retrograde cystography ko uroscanner.

Ureteroscopy.Ana yin wannan binciken endoscopic don nazarin bangon ureters. Ana yin ta musamman don magance duwatsu masu fitsari idan akwai lithics na fitsari.

Urinary cytology. Wannan gwajin zai iya gano kasancewar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa a cikin fitsari.

Haɗuwa daga tsohuwar Misira kuma aka yi ta har zuwa ƙarni na 7, uroscopy aikin likita ne na farko a cikin urology. An canza shi a yau ta hanyar fitsari, uroscopy ya ƙunshi binciken gani na fitsari don gano ci gaban wasu cututtukan (XNUMX).