Mahaifa (daga mahaifar Latin), wata gabo ce maras tushe wacce ke cikin tsarin haihuwa na mace kuma an yi niyya don ɗaukarwa da haɓaka haɓakar ƙwan da aka haɗe.

location. Mahaifa yana cikin ƙashin ƙugu a bayan mafitsara, da kuma gaban dubura. Mahaifa yana cikin siffar dala mai jujjuyawa. A cikin sashinsa na sama, ana saka bututun mahaifa guda biyu, ko bututun fallopian, a kowace fuska. Kasan sashinta yana buɗewa akan farji. (1)

Structure. Mahaifa wata gabo ce maras tushe mai kauri mai kauri, musamman na tsoka. Ya ƙunshi kashi biyu (1) (2):

• Jikin mahaifa shine mafi girman sashi. Yana nan daga kasan mahaifa, sashin da yake sama mai zagaye inda ake shigar da tubes na fallopian, har zuwa kunkuntar da ke sanya mahaɗin tsakanin jiki da mahaifar mahaifa, wato isthmus na mahaifa.
• Sashin cervix shine ƙunƙuntaccen ɓangaren da ya ƙunshi sassa biyu:

  - Endocervix, ko canal na endocervical shine ɓangaren ciki na cervix wanda ke farawa daga isthmus kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa budewa a cikin farji.

  - Exocervix, yayi daidai da ɓangaren waje na cervix kuma yana cikin ɓangaren sama na farji.

Wall. Katangar mahaifar tana da yadudduka uku (3):

• Perimetrium wanda yayi daidai da Layer na waje wanda ke lullube jiki da ɓangaren mahaifa.
• Myometrium wanda ya ƙunshi tsakiyar Layer wanda ya ƙunshi tsokoki masu santsi
• Endometrium wanda ya ƙunshi Layer na ciki wanda ke rufe mahaifa kuma yana da ƙwayoyin glandular.

Support. Jigogi daban-daban suna goyan bayan mahaifa, musamman maɗaurin uterosacral, ko zagaye na mahaifa. (1)

Matsayin lokacin daukar ciki. An yi nufin mahaifa da farko don ɗaukar amfrayo. A lokacin hadi na kwai, na karshen zai dasa kansa a cikin endometrium a matakin jikin mahaifa.

Tsarin haila. Ya ƙunshi saitin gyare-gyare na kayan aikin al'aura don samun damar karɓar kwai da aka haɗe. Idan babu hadi, endometrium, rufin jikin mahaifa, ya lalace kuma a fitar da shi ta cikin mahaifa sannan kuma ta hanyar farji. Wannan lamarin ya dace da lokutan haila.

Dysplasia na mahaifa. Dysplasias raunuka ne na precancer. Mafi sau da yawa suna tasowa a wurin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mahaifar mahaifa da jikin mahaifa. Za su iya ƙara zuwa kowane gefen ectocervix da endocervix.

Human papillomavirus ƙwayar cuta. Human papillomavirus (HPV) cuta ce da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i. Ya zo da nau'i daban-daban: wasu na iya haifar da lahani mara kyau a cikin mahaifa yayin da wasu ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ciwon daji. A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, an ce papillomavirus ɗan adam yana da yuwuwar oncogenic ko "a cikin haɗari mai girma" (4).

Ciwon daji mara kyau. Ciwace-ciwace (marasa ciwon daji) na iya tasowa (3).

• Uterine fibroids. Wannan ciwon mara kyau yana tasowa ne daga ƙwayoyin tsoka, galibi na bangon tsoka na mahaifa.
• Endometriosis. Wannan Pathology yayi dace da ci gaban endometrial nama a waje da mahaifa.

Ciwon mahaifa. Daban-daban na ciwon daji na iya tasowa a cikin mahaifa.

• Ciwon daji na Endometrial. Wannan ciwon daji yana tasowa a cikin ƙwayoyin endometrial na jikin mahaifa. Yana wakiltar yawancin cututtukan daji na mahaifa.
• Ciwon daji na mahaifa Ciwon daji na mahaifa zai iya faruwa lokacin da raunukan da suka rigaya, gami da dysplasia na mahaifa, suka haɓaka zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa.

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da illolin cutar da ci gabanta, ana iya yin aikin tiyata kamar cire wani ɓangare na mahaifa (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, far da aka yi niyya. Magungunan ciwon daji na iya ɗaukar nau'in chemotherapy, radiotherapy ko ma magani da aka yi niyya.

Gwajin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin jiki don tantance alamun bayyanar cututtuka da halaye na ciwo.

Gwajin hoto na likita Za a iya amfani da duban dan tayi na Pelvic, CT scan, ko MRI don tabbatar da ganewar asali a cikin mahaifa.

Hysterography. Wannan jarrabawa yana ba da damar lura da rami na mahaifa.

Colposcopy: Wannan gwajin yana ba ku damar kallon bangon mahaifa.5

Biopsy: An yi shi a ƙarƙashin colposcopy, ya ƙunshi samfurin nama.

Pap smear: Wannan ya ƙunshi samfurin sel daga matakin sama na farji, ectocervix da endocervix.

Gwajin gwajin HPV. Ana yin wannan gwajin don yin gwajin cutar papilloma ɗan adam.

Tun daga shekara ta 2006, an samar da maganin rigakafi don rigakafin kamuwa da cuta ta mutum papillomavirus. An samu wannan ci gaban a fannin likitanci ne sakamakon aikin masanin ilmin halittu Harald zur Hausen, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin likitanci a shekarar 20086 Bayan sama da shekaru 10 na bincike, ya yi nasarar nuna alakar cututtuka da kwayar cutar papilloma ta dan Adam ke haifarwa da kuma afkuwar cutar. Ciwon daji.