Contents
Duk game da kamun kifi
Babban iyali na kifaye da ke zaune a cikin kwalayen koguna da tekuna na Arewacin Hemisphere. Masana kimiyya sun hada da fiye da nau'in 30 a cikin abun da ke ciki na smelt. Bambance-bambance a cikin iyali suna da ƙananan, la'akari da wuraren zama, wanda zai iya bambanta smelt na Turai (smelt), Asiya da marine, da kuma nau'in tafkin, wanda ake kira smelt ko nagish (sunan Arkhangelsk). An kawo ruwa mai narke a cikin kogin Volga. Duk nau'ikan suna da fin adipose. Girman kifin kadan ne, amma wasu nau'ikan na iya kaiwa 40 cm kuma suna auna gram 400. Kamshin da ke girma a hankali yana da tsawon rayuwa. Yawancin kifaye na iyali suna haifuwa a cikin ruwa mai dadi, amma ciyarwa yana faruwa a cikin ruwan gishiri na teku ko yankin estuarine. Har ila yau, akwai ruwa mai tsabta, tafkin, keɓaɓɓen siffofin. Capelin da smallmouth sun narke a bakin tekun. Kifin makaranta, wanda ya shahara sosai tare da mazauna garuruwan bakin teku saboda dandanonsa. Yawancin nau'in, idan an kama su, suna da ɗanɗanon "dandan kokwamba". A lokacin tafiya na yanayi zuwa koguna, abu ne da aka fi so na kamun kifi da kamun kifi.
Hanyoyin kama wari
Mafi shaharar kamun kamun kifi shine kamun kifi mai son tare da kayan sanyi. Ana kama nau'ikan tafkin, tare da sizhok, kuma a lokacin rani. Don wannan, duka kayan aikin iyo da kuma sandunan kamun kifi na "dogon simintin gyare-gyare" sun dace.
Kama kamshi akan juyi
Zai zama mafi daidai don kiran irin waɗannan hanyoyin kamun kifi ba don yin juyi ba, amma tare da taimakon igiyoyi masu juyawa, tare da sauran sandunan "simintin nesa". Ganin cewa smelt kifi ne na pelargic, abincinsa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da plankton. An ƙera kayan aikin don isar da koto ɗaya ko fiye zuwa makarantar kifi. Sinkers, tare da ma'auni, na iya aiki a matsayin bama-bamai mai nutsewa, wani wand Tyrolean, da sauransu. Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su nau'in "zalunci". Lures - kwaikwayo na invertebrates da soya. Lokacin yin kamun kifi don rigs tare da dogayen jagororin ko tare da layukan da yawa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsayi, sanduna na musamman ("dogon shinge", wasa, don bombards).
Kama smelt tare da sandunan hunturu
Ana amfani da rigs da yawa don kama waƙar. Layukan kamun kifi, a lokaci guda, suna amfani da masu kauri sosai. Don cizon nasara, babban abu shine a ƙayyade daidai wurin kamun kifi. Baya ga "zalunci" ko "abin da ke faruwa", ana kama smelt a kan ƙananan ƙwararru da sandunan kamun kifi na gargajiya tare da mormyshka. Mormyshkas tare da rufi mai tara haske suna shahara sosai. A lokacin kifin, yawancin masunta suna gudanar da kifi da sanduna 8-9.
Kama wari tare da sanda mai iyo
Kamun kifi mai son narke akan kayan iyo ba na asali bane musamman. Waɗannan su ne sanduna na yau da kullun 4-5 m tare da "kurma" ko "kayan gudu". Ya kamata a zabi ƙugiya tare da dogon shank, kifi yana da bakin da ƙananan ƙananan hakora, matsaloli tare da leashes na iya tasowa. Ƙananan abin ganima, ƙananan ƙugiya ya kamata su kasance. Ana ba da shawarar kamun kifi daga jirgin ruwa, yana da wahala a iya tantance wurin motsi na garken ƙaura nan da nan, don haka kuna iya motsawa a cikin tafki yayin kamun kifi. Don kamun kifi, zaka iya amfani da sandar tuwo da kuma "jaki mai gudu".
Batsa
Don kama waƙar, ana amfani da layukan wucin gadi iri-iri da kwaikwai, gami da kwari ko kawai “ulu” da aka ɗaure da ƙugiya. Bugu da ƙari, suna amfani da ƙananan masu juyawa na hunturu (a duk yanayi) tare da ƙugiya mai sayarwa. Daga baiti na dabi'a, tsutsa daban-daban, tsutsotsi, naman kifi, naman kifi, gami da narke kanta, ana amfani da sandunan kaguwa. Yayin cizon aiki, babban hanyar zabar bututun ƙarfe shine ƙarfi.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
An rarraba kifi a ko'ina. Suna kama shi a cikin ruwa na kwalaye na Pacific, Arctic da Atlantic Ocean. An san nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙa suna rayuwa a cikin tafkuna ba tare da samun damar shiga tafkunan teku kai tsaye ba. A cikin tafki yana ajiyewa a zurfin daban-daban, wannan ya faru ne saboda neman abinci da yanayin yanayi na gaba ɗaya. A St. Petersburg, babban wurin kama smelt shine Gulf of Finland. Kamar yadda a cikin biranen Baltic da yawa, a lokacin da ake yin narke, ana gudanar da bukukuwa da bukukuwa da aka sadaukar don cin wannan kifi a cikin birnin. A kowace shekara, jirage masu saukar ungulu na Ma’aikatar Kula da Gaggawa suna cire ɗimbin masoyan da ke narke daga ƙoramar da kankara ta yage. Wannan yana faruwa a kusan dukkanin sassan Rasha daga Baltic zuwa Primorye da Sakhalin. Yawan hadurran kuma baya raguwa.
Ciyarwa
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, yawancin nau'ikan suna haifuwa a cikin ruwa mai daɗi. Halin kifin ya yi yawa sosai. Dangane da yankin zama na nau'in, ƙimar girma na iya bambanta. Narkewar Turai tana girma ta jima'i a cikin shekaru 1-2, Baltic a 2-4, Siberian a shekaru 5-7. Spawning yana faruwa a cikin bazara, lokacin haifuwa ya dogara da yankin da yanayin yanayi, yana farawa bayan fashewar kankara a zazzabi na ruwa na 4.0 C. Baltic yana narke, sau da yawa ba ya tashi sama da kogin, amma yana tsiro a cikin 'yan kilomita daga baki. Ana haɗe caviar mai ɗanko zuwa ƙasa. Ci gaban kifin yana da sauri sosai, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin rani matasa suna mirgine cikin teku don ciyar da su.