Ƙananan hanji (daga hanji na Latin, daga hanji, ma'anar "ciki") wani bangare ne na fili na narkewa.

Localizationba. Tsawon mita 5 zuwa 7 da diamita 3 cm, ƙananan hanji yana bin ciki kuma yana ƙarawa da babban hanji (1).

Structure. Karamar hanjin tana da kashi uku (1) (2):

• Duodenum yana tsakanin pylorus na ciki da duodeno-jejunal kwana. C-dimbin yawa da zurfin wuri, yana samar da tsayayyen ɓangaren ƙananan hanji. Hanyoyin da ke fitar da su daga pancreas da kuma bile ducts sun isa wannan sashin.
• Jejunum yana farawa ne a kusurwar duodeno-jejunal kuma ya wuce zuwa cikin gida. Ya ƙunshi, tare da ileum, babban ɓangaren ƙananan hanji.
• Gidan yana biye da jejunum kuma ya wuce zuwa bawul na ileocecal, yana kaiwa ga babban hanji. A ileum da jejunum sun ƙunshi ɓangaren hannu na ƙananan hanji.

Wall. Karamar hanjin tana kunshe da ambulan guda hudu (4):

• Mucosa shine Layer na ciki wanda ke dauke da gland mai yawa, yana ɓoye musamman maƙarƙashiya mai kariya.
• Submucosa shine tsaka -tsakin Layer da aka yi musamman tasoshin da jijiyoyi.
• Muscularis shine murfin waje wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tsoka.
• Serous membrane, ko peritoneum, ambulaf ne da ke rufe bangon waje na ƙananan hanji.

narkewa. Narkewa yana faruwa musamman a cikin ƙananan hanji, kuma musamman a cikin duodenum ta hanyar enzymes masu narkewa da bile acid. Enzymes masu narkewa suna samo asali ne daga pancreas ta hanyar ducts, yayin da bile acid ya samo asali daga hanta ta hanyar bile ducts (3). Enzymes masu narkewa da bile acid za su canza chyme, wani ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi abinci da aka tsara ta hanyar ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu narkewa daga ciki, zuwa chyle, ruwa mai tsabta wanda ke ɗauke da zaruruwan abinci, hadaddun carbohydrates, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da abubuwan gina jiki (4).

Absorption. Domin aikinsa, jiki zai sha wasu abubuwa kamar carbohydrates, fats, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, da ruwa (5). Abun sha na samfuran narkewa yana faruwa ne musamman a cikin ƙananan hanji, kuma galibi a cikin duodenum da jejunum.

Kariya ga ƙananan hanji. Karamin hanji yana kare kansa daga hare-haren sinadarai da injina ta hanyar boye gamsai, yana kare mucosa (3). Hakanan ana kiyaye ƙananan hanji daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin babban hanji saboda godiyar bawul ɗin ileocecal.

Ciwon hanji mai kumburi. Waɗannan cututtukan sun yi daidai da kumburin rufin wani ɓangaren tsarin narkewa, kamar cutar Crohn. Alamomin cutar sun hada da tsananin ciwon ciki da gudawa (6).

Ciwon hanji. Wannan ciwo yana bayyana ta hanyar hypersensitivity na bangon hanji da rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙwayar tsoka. Yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, ko ciwon ciki. Har yanzu ba a san musabbabin wannan ciwon ba.

Matsewar hanji. Yana nuna dakatar da aiki na sufuri, yana haifar da matsanancin zafi da amai. Toshewar hanji na iya zama asali na injiniya tare da kasancewar cikas yayin wucewa (gallstones, marurai, da dai sauransu) amma kuma yana iya zama sinadarai ta hanyar haɗawa da kamuwa da ƙwayar nama kusa, misali lokacin peritonitis.

Ciwon gyambon ciki. Wannan pathology yayi dace da samuwar rauni mai zurfi a bangon ciki ko na duodenum. Cutar ulcer sau da yawa ana haifar da ita ta hanyar girma na ƙwayoyin cuta amma kuma yana iya faruwa yayin shan wasu magunguna (7). 

Kiwon lafiya. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da wasu magunguna kamar magungunan ƙin kumburi ko analgesics.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da ilimin halittar jiki da juyin halittar sa, ana iya aiwatar da aikin tiyata.

Nazarin jiki. Farkon ciwo yana farawa da gwajin jiki don tantance alamomi da gano musabbabin ciwon.

Binciken halittu. Za a iya yin gwaje -gwajen jini da na kujera don yin ko tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Gwajin hoton likita. Dangane da abin da ake zargi ko tabbatar da cutar, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje -gwaje kamar na duban dan tayi, CT scan ko MRI.

Binciken endoscopic. Za a iya yin gwajin endoscopy don nazarin bangon ƙananan hanji.

A cikin 2010, masu bincike daga Inserm a Nantes sun buga sakamakon binciken su akan tasirin cutar Parkinson akan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki a cikin mujallar kimiyya Plos One. Sun nuna cewa raunin cutar ta Parkinson yana shafar ba kawai sel na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya ba, har ma da na jijiyoyin mahaifa, kuma mafi daidai na tsarin narkewar abinci. Wannan binciken zai iya ba da damar gano farkon cutar Parkinson (8).