Tsibirin Langerhans sune sel a cikin pancreas waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiki. Sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin beta waɗanda ke fitar da insulin, hormone wanda ke daidaita sukarin jini. A cikin mutanen da ke da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, ainihin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ne ke lalata su. Saboda haka tsibiran Langerhans sune tushen tushen binciken warkewa.

Tsibirin Langerhans (mai suna bayan Paul Langherans, 1847-1888, Jamusanci anatomo-pathologist and bioologist) su ne sel na pancreas, wanda ke da kusan miliyan 1. An yi su da sel waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin gungu - don haka kalmar tsibiri - ana yaduwa a cikin nama na exocrine (kayan ɓoye na nama da aka saki a waje da jini) na pancreas, wanda hakan ke haifar da enzymes da ake buƙata don narkewa. Waɗannan gungu na ƙananan ƙwayoyin sel suna da kashi 1 zuwa 2 ne kawai na adadin tantanin halitta na pancreas, amma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiki.

Tsibirin Langerhans sune sel endocrine. Suna samar da hormones daban-daban: galibi insulin, amma kuma glucagon, polypeptide pancreatic, somatostatin.

Kwayoyin beta ko sel β na tsibiran Langerhans ne ke samar da insulin, hormone wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiki. Matsayinsa shine kiyaye ma'auni na matakin glucose (glycemia) a cikin jini. Wannan glucose yana aiki a matsayin tushen makamashi - a takaice, "man fetur" - ga jiki, kuma matakinsa a cikin jini bai kamata ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa ba ko kuma jiki ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Matsayin insulin daidai ne don daidaita matakan sukari na jini ta hanyar taimakawa jiki don amfani da / ko adana wannan glucose dangane da ko ya wuce gona da iri.

Kwayoyin suna samar da glucagon, hormone wanda ke ƙara yawan glucose a cikin jini lokacin da sukarin jini ya yi ƙasa. Yana sa hanta da sauran kyallen jikin jiki su saki sukari da aka adana a cikin jini.

Nau'in ciwon sukari 1

Nau'in 1 ko ciwon sukari mai dogaro da insulin yana faruwa ne saboda ci gaba da lalata ƙwayoyin beta na tsibiran Langerhans ta hanyar tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan lalata yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin insulin gabaɗaya, don haka haɗarin hyperglycemia lokacin ɗaukar abinci, sannan hypoglycemia tsakanin abinci, yayin azumi ko ma motsa jiki. A lokacin hypoglycemia, gabobin suna hana substrate mai kuzari. Idan ba a kayyade shi ba, don haka ciwon sukari na iya haifar da mummunan cututtuka na koda, na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, neurological, gastroenterological da ophthalmological pathologies.

Neuroendocrine ciwon daji na pancreas

Wani nau'in ciwon daji ne na pancreatic wanda ba a saba gani ba. Yana da abin da ake kira neuroendocrine tumor (NET) saboda yana farawa a cikin sel na tsarin neuroendocrine. Muna magana akan NET na pancreas, ko TNEp. Yana iya zama rashin ɓoyewa ko ɓoyewa (aiki). A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, yana haifar da zubar da jini mai yawa na hormones.

Nau'in ciwon sukari 1

Maganin insulin yana ramawa ga rashin samar da insulin. Mai haƙuri zai yi allurar insulin sau da yawa a rana. Dole ne a bi wannan magani har tsawon rayuwa.

Dasawar Pancreas ci gaba a cikin 90s. Sau da yawa ana haɗe shi tare da dashen koda, an tanada shi ga masu ciwon sukari da ke fama da matsananciyar cuta 1. Duk da sakamako mai kyau, dashen pancreatic bai zama maganin zaɓi na nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ba, musamman saboda yanayin yanayin hanya da kuma haɗin gwiwar maganin rigakafi.

Langerhans tsibiri grafting yana daya daga cikin manyan fata a cikin sarrafa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1. Ya ƙunshi dasawa kawai sel masu amfani, a cikin wannan yanayin tsibiran Langerhans. An ɗora shi daga ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta mai ba da gudummawar da ta mutu a cikin kwakwalwa, ana ware tsibiran sannan a yi musu allura ta jijiyar portal cikin hanta mai haƙuri. Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin yana cikin dabarar ware waɗannan tsibiran. Lallai yana da matukar wahala a fitar da wadannan gungu na sel daga sauran kwayoyin halitta ba tare da lalata su ba. An yi dashen farko a Paris a cikin 80s. A cikin 2000, ƙungiyar Edmonton ta sami 'yancin kai na insulin a cikin marasa lafiya 7 a jere da aka dasa tare da tsibirai. Ana ci gaba da aiki a duniya. A Faransa, an fara gwajin asibiti da yawa a cikin 2011 a cikin manyan asibitocin Paris 4 da suka haɗu a cikin "Ƙungiyar Ile-de-Faransa don dasawa na tsibiran Langerhans" (GRIF). Sakamakon yana da ban sha'awa: bayan dasawa, rabin marasa lafiya suna yaye daga insulin, yayin da sauran rabin sun sami mafi kyawun sarrafa glycemic, rage hypoglycemia da buƙatun insulin.

Tare da wannan aikin akan dasawa, bincike ya ci gaba da fahimtar girma da aikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma asalin cutar da ci gaban cutar. Cutar da ƙwayoyin beta ta kwayar cutar ta herpes (wanda zai iya zama alhakin wani nau'i na ciwon sukari musamman ga al'ummomin asalin Afirka), hanyoyin girma da girma na kwayoyin beta, tasirin wasu kwayoyin halitta da ke da hannu a farkon cutar. wani bangare na hanyoyin bincike na yanzu. Lallai ra'ayin shine gano abubuwan da ke haifar da kunna T lymphocytes akan ƙwayoyin beta, don nemo mafita don toshe wannan ƙwayar cuta ta autoimmune, don sake haɓaka tsibiran Langerhans, da sauransu.

Neuroendocrine ciwon daji na pancreas

Gudanarwa ya dogara da yanayin ƙwayar cuta kuma yana dogara ne akan gatari daban-daban:

• tiyata
• chemotherapy
• antisecretory jiyya don rage hormonal secretions daga ƙari

Nau'in ciwon sukari 1

Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 cuta ce ta asali ta autoimmune: T lymphocytes sun fara gane ƙwayoyin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin beta a matsayin masu kamuwa da cuta don kawar da su. Koyaya, alamun bayyanar suna bayyana watanni da yawa ko ma shekaru bayan wannan tsari ya fara. Waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke faruwa na hypoglycaemia da / ko babban asarar nauyi duk da kyakkyawan ci, yawan fitsari da yawa, ƙishirwa mara kyau, gajiya mai tsanani. Ana yin ganewar asali ta hanyar gano autoantibodies a cikin jini.

Neuroendocrine ciwon daji

Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine yana da wuyar ganewa saboda bambancin alamun su.

Idan ƙari ne na aikin neuroendocrine na pancreas, zai iya haifar da samar da insulin da yawa. Hakanan ya kamata a bincika bayyanar ko cutar da farkon ciwon sukari marasa dogaro da insulin a cikin maza sama da shekaru 40 ba tare da tarihin iyali na ciwon sukari ba.

Binciken anatomopathological na ƙwayar cuta yana ba da damar tantance yanayinsa (cututtuka daban-daban ko waɗanda ba su da bambanci) da darajar sa. Hakanan ana yin cikakken kimantawa na tsawaita cutar don neman metastases.