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Rashin raunin tsoka a cikin tsofaffi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tsarin tsufa a cikin jiki. Masana kimiyya sun yi ƙoƙari shekaru da yawa don gano tushen dalilin tsufa na tsoka na mutum (sarcopenia), kuma kwanan nan sun yi nasara. Masana sun bayyana dalla-dalla sakamakon binciken da suka yi a cikin takardun kimiyya.
Jigon da sakamakon binciken masana kimiyya daga Sweden
Masana ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Carolingian sun yi imanin cewa tsufa na tsoka yana da alaƙa da tarin maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin sel. Yayin da suke nazarin halayen jikin mutum, sun bayyana abubuwan da ke biyowa: a cikin kowane ƙwayar tsoka, yawancin maye gurbi sun taru. Bayan ya kai shekaru 60-70, lahani a cikin DNA yana bayyana a matsayin sakamako mai lahani na rabon ƙwayoyin tsoka. Har zuwa wannan shekarun, maye gurbi kusan dubu ɗaya na iya tarawa.
A cikin matasa, an dawo da acid nucleic, amma a cikin tsufa babu wata hanyar sake farfadowa. Mafi kariya sune sassan saitin chromosome, waɗanda ke da alhakin yanayin sel. Amma bayan 40 kowace shekara kariyar tana raunana.
Masana ilimin halittu suna so su gano ko aikin jiki zai iya shafar ilimin cututtuka. Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wasanni suna taimakawa wajen lalata ƙwayoyin da suka ji rauni, inganta sabuntawar kai na ƙwayar tsoka. Don haka ne masanan Sweden suka yi niyyar gano yadda za a rage raunin da ya shafi shekaru.
Binciken masana kimiyya daga Amurka da Denmark
Kwararru daga Amurka da Denmark sun iya bayyana abubuwan da ke haifar da sarcopenia a cikin kakanni. Har ila yau, sun sami hanyar da za a rage tsarin tsufa na ƙwayar tsoka. Tsofaffi (matsakaicin shekarun 70-72) da matasa (daga shekaru 20 zuwa 23) sun shiga cikin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje. Abubuwan da suka shafi maza 30 ne.
A farkon gwajin, an dauki samfurori na ƙwayar tsoka daga cinya daga wakilan jima'i mai karfi. Marubutan aikin kimiyya sun hana ƙananan gaɓoɓin mahalarta tare da kayan gyaran gyare-gyare na musamman don kwanaki 14 (an ƙirƙira atrophy na tsoka). Bayan da masanan suka cire na'urar, sai da maza suka yi atisaye. Ya kamata ƙungiyoyin su taimaka don dawo da ƙwayar tsoka. Bayan kwanaki uku na horo tare da batutuwa, masanan halittu sun yanke shawarar sake ɗaukar samfuran nama. Bayan makonni 3,5, mazan sun sake zuwa don aikin.
Binciken samfuran ya nuna cewa a farkon binciken, samari suna da ƙarin ƙwayoyin sel sau 2 a cikin kyallen jikinsu fiye da tsofaffi. Bayan atrophy na wucin gadi, rata tsakanin masu nuna alama ya karu da sau 4. Masanan kimiyya sun lura cewa a cikin tsofaffin mahalarta a cikin gwaji, ƙwayoyin da ke cikin tsokoki ba su da aiki a duk wannan lokacin. Har ila yau, a cikin maza a cikin shekaru 70, halayen kumburi da scarring na kyallen takarda sun fara.
Sakamakon binciken ya sake tabbatar da cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga manya su motsa, tun da tsayin daka na rashin aiki yana da mummunar tasiri ga iyawar tsokoki don dawowa da kansu.
Binciken masana ilimin halittar dan adam na Colombia
Masana kimiyya daga Colombia sun ƙaddara cewa yayin motsa jiki, ƙasusuwan mutum sun fara samar da hormone mai suna osteocalcin (tare da taimakonsa, aikin tsoka yana ƙaruwa). Bayan sun kai shekaru talatin a cikin mata da shekaru hamsin a cikin maza, wannan hormone ba a samar da shi a zahiri.
Ayyukan wasanni suna ƙara yawan osteocalcin a cikin jini. Masana sun yi gwaje-gwaje daga dabbobi kuma sun yanke shawarar cewa a cikin berayen (shekaru - watanni 3) yawan adadin hormone a cikin jini ya ninka sau 4 fiye da na rodents da ke da watanni 12. A lokaci guda, dabbobin suna gudu kowace rana daga minti 40 zuwa 45. Matasa sun yi gudu game da mita dubu 1,2, manyan rodents sun sami damar gudu mita dubu 600 a cikin lokaci guda.
Don tabbatar da cewa babban abin da ke ƙayyade jimiri na ƙwayoyin tsoka shine osteocalcin, mawallafin aikin kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike akan dabbobin da aka gyara (jikin mice bai samar da isasshen hormone ba). Tsofaffin rodents sun sami nasarar shawo kan kawai 20-30% na nisan da ake buƙata fiye da matasa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da hormone a cikin tsofaffin dabbobi, an mayar da aikin kyallen jikin tsoka zuwa matakin ƙananan berayen watanni uku.
Masana ilmin halitta sun zana kwatance da mutane kuma sun gano cewa adadin osteocalcin a cikin jinin mutum shima yana raguwa da shekaru. Sun tabbata cewa sarcopenia a cikin mata yana farawa da wuri fiye da maza. A lokacin gwajin, an gano cewa babban aikin hormone shine taimakawa tsokoki yayin aikin motsa jiki na tsawon lokaci. Tare da wannan abu, akwai saurin haɗuwa da fatty acid da glucose yayin horo.
Masana kimiyya suna ba da shawara bayan shekaru 40 don ba da fifiko ga motsa jiki da motsa jiki. Horarwa sau 1-2 a mako zai taimaka wajen kula da sautin tsoka, haɓaka haɓakar sabon ƙwayar tsoka. Don kada ku ji rauni, kada ku yi sakaci da shawarar mai horar da kai.
Ƙarfafa tsoka da abinci
Ana samun horar da tsoka ta hanyoyi daban-daban: iyo, keke, yin yoga, tafiya. Mafi mahimmanci shine motsi, wanda ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullum ga tsofaffi. Ana ɗaukar motsa jiki na numfashi yana da tasiri.
Tsarin motsa jiki mai tasiri ya haɗa da: matsi da katse hannaye, lanƙwasa a hankali a hankali da ja da gwiwoyi zuwa ƙirji da hannaye, jujjuya kafadu gaba da baya, jujjuya ƙafafu, da karkata zuwa gefe da juya jiki. Massage kai zai sami tasiri mai kyau akan tsokoki.
Gyaran abinci yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Abincin yau da kullun ya kamata ya haɗa da abinci, wanda ya haɗa da sunadaran da yawa (cukuwar gida, qwai, ƙirjin kaza, squid, jatan lande, kifi ja). Abincin ya kamata ya kasance na yau da kullum - daga 5 zuwa 6 sau a rana. Likitan abinci mai gina jiki zai taimaka maka ƙirƙirar menu mai lafiya don kwanaki 7. Mutanen da suka tsufa ya kamata su yi amfani da hadaddun bitamin, wanda likitan da ke halartar zai ba da izini ga kowane mutum.