Kifi

Wanene baya son jan kifi? Caviar ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman! Abin takaici, yawancin mutane ba su san komai game da kifin kifin da kansu ba, da hanyar rayuwarsu, da kuma wadanne nau'ikan kifi ne. Daga wannan sakon, zaku koya wane irin kifin kifin kifi, waɗanne irin kifin kifin ake da shi, da kuma yadda suka bambanta.

Sau da yawa, mutane suna sha'awar wane irin kifi ne. Nan da nan bari mu yanke shawarar cewa kifin shine kowane kifi daga jinsi biyu na dangin salmon (Salmonidae) - jinsi na Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) da kuma mai martaba (Salmo). Wani lokaci kalmar “salmon” ana haɗa ta kai tsaye a cikin ƙananan sunayen wasu daga waɗannan nau’ikan nau’ikan kifayen, alal misali, gishirin karfe - mykiss (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ko salmon na Atlantika (mai martaba) - wanda aka fi sani da (Salmo salar). Wataƙila mafi yawan lokuta, mutane suna faɗin kifin kifi, ma'ana takamaiman nau'in.

Kalmar "salmon" kanta ta fito ne daga kalmar Indo-Turai wanda ke nufin "tabo," "mai dabbare-dabbare." Sunan Salmonidae ya fito ne daga asalin Latin na salio - don tsalle kuma yana da alaƙa da halayen haɓaka (bayanan da ke ƙasa).

Nau'in Salmon

Baya ga tsararraki biyu na wannan kifin, dangin salmon sun haɗa da taimen, lenok, grayling, char, whitefish, da pali. Bugu da ƙari, a nan muna magana ne kawai game da kifin kifi - Pacific (Oncorhynchus) da daraja (Salmo). A ƙasa, akwai taƙaitaccen bayanin da babban banbanci tsakanin waɗannan tsararraki.

Kifin Salmon (Oncorhynchus).

Wannan rukunin ya haɗa salmon ruwan hoda, chum, coho, sima, sockeye, chinook, da nau'ikan Amurkawa da yawa. Wakilan wannan nau'in halittar suna yin fure sau ɗaya a rayuwa kuma suna mutuwa nan da nan bayan haihuwa.

Ba kamar takwarorinsu na tekun Pacific ba, Noble, ko real (Salmo), bayan haihuwa, a ka’ida, kada ku mutu kuma suna iya hayayyafa sau da yawa yayin rayuwarsu. Wannan rukunin kifin ya haɗa da sanannun kifin kifi da yawancin nau'in kifi.

Amfanin salmon

Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa yawan cin kifi da abincin teku, kamar kifin kifi, yana rage barazanar kiba, ciwon sukari, da cututtukan zuciya.

A cewar National Nutrient Database, Amurka, 85 g na dafaffun salmon ya ƙunshi:

• 133 adadin kuzari;
• 5 g mai;
• 0 g na carbohydrates;
• 22 grams na gina jiki.
• Hakanan adadin irin kifin da aka dafa shi yana samarwa:

• 82% na buƙatar yau da kullum don bitamin B12;
• 46% selenium;
• 28% niacin;
• 23% phosphorus;
• 12% thiamine;
• 4% na bitamin A;
• 3% irin.

Kifi da abincin teku suna da mahimmanci musamman don samar da jiki da omega-3 fatty acid.

Hujjojin kimiyya na fa'idodi

William Harris, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Cutar Gina Jiki da Ciwon Cututtuka na Jami'ar South Dakota, Amurka, ya ce matakin omega-3 fatty acid a cikin jini yana da tasiri sosai a kan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, da yawan mai, zare Matsayi mafi girma na omega-3, ƙananan haɗarin cutar cututtukan zuciya da mutuwa daga gare su, kuma akasin haka. Kuma gram 85 na kifin kifi na iya samar mana da fiye da mg 1,500 na omega-3.

Selenium abu ne mai mahimmanci don aikin al'ada na glandar thyroid. Wani zane-zane ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da cututtukan thyroid suna da rashi na selenium. Lokacin da aka sake cika adadin selenium, hanyar cutar zata inganta kuma tsananin yawancin alamun yana raguwa.

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Shaye-shaye ta Alkahol da Alcoholism, a Amurka, omega-3 fatty acid suma suna rage yawan tsokana, rashin tunani, da kuma bacin rai ga manya. Matsakaicin wadannan acid din a cikin yara shima yana da alaƙa da tsananin yanayi da rikicewar ɗabi'a, alal misali, a cikin wasu nau'ikan rikice-rikicen raunin hankali.

Wani bincike na dogon lokaci daga Burtaniya ya gano cewa jariran da mata suka haifa a kalla gram 340 na kifi a kowane mako yayin da suke da juna biyu sun nuna matakan IQ, da kwarewar zamantakewar jama'a, da kuma kwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau.

Lokaci guda, yawan cin abincin kifi daya na mutanen da shekarunsu suka kai 65-94 na rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar mantuwa da kashi 60% idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ke cin kifin da kyar ko kuma a'a.

Yadda za'a zabi da adana

Zurfi mai zurfin kan gawarwaki alama ce abin dogara mai kyau. Suna bayyana lokacin sabo da wani lokacin wani kifi mai rai a cikin jirgin wanda ya shiga daskarewa. Gawarwakin sun matse cikin juna - daskare. Idan kaga irin wannan dents, to yana nufin cewa mai siyarwar bai taba lalata kifin ba a da. Bayan narkewar jiki, duk dents zai daidaita, kuma mai siyarwa ba zai iya sake ƙirƙira su ba.

Yadda ake dafa abinci

Duk salmonids suna da nama mai daɗi da taushi, kusan basa da ƙasusuwa. Abincin naman wasu kifin salmon ya kai kashi 27%, sannan yana ɗanɗano kawai da sihiri.

Ba shi yiwuwa a lissafa dukkan abincin da mutane suke yi a duniya daga kifin kifin kifi. Naman sa sanannen sabo ne (wani lokacin danye ne), gishiri, shan sigari, bushe, dafaffe, soyayyen, da gwangwani.

Koyaya, kawai lokacin salted da sanyi kyafaffen - wannan kifin yana riƙe da mafi yawan adadin bitamin. Mafi shahararren bambancin salmon salting shine “gravlax” na Scandinavia, lokacin da ake gishiri kifi a cikin cakuda gishiri, sukari, kayan yaji, da yankakken dill. Ƙarin giya mai ƙarfi na gida - aquavit - ba da damar wannan kifin ya daɗe.

Kyakkyawan kifin da aka kyafaffen sanyi da suke samu daga salmon chum, ruwan hoda, chinook, da salmon sockeye. Amma abincin da aka ƙona mai zafi galibi suna yin shi daga ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, tunda suna kama irin wannan adadi mai yawa na wannan kifin cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba shi yiwuwa a ceci duk abin da aka kama ba nan da nan ba. Redfish kyafaffen redfish koyaushe maraba ne a kowane tebur.

Koyaya, karka manta cewa sabo naman kifin yana ba da gasasshen “steaks”, daɗaɗan kifin mai daɗi, mai daɗin ruwa da kuma ruwan kifin mai daɗin daɗa duka.

Yawancin miya sun hada da nau'ikan kifin kifi kamar yawa: chowder, miyar kifi, hodgepodge, mashed soups.

Salmon tare da lemun tsami, capers da Rosemary da aka toya a cikin tsare

Sinadaran girke-girke:

• 440 g (4 sau 110 g kowannensu) fillet wanda ba shi da fata, kusan kaurin 2.5 cm.
• 1/4 Art. karin man zaitun
• Gishirin teku da barkono baƙar fata
• 1 tbsp. l. yankakken ganyen Rosemary
• Lemon tsami 4
• 4 tsp. l. ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami (daga kusan 1 babban lemun tsami)
• 8 Art. l. tebur mai ƙarfi ja ruwan inabi Marsala
• 4 tsp capers wanke

Girke girke:

• Yi amfani da kwanon rufi a kan wuta mai zafi, ko kuma dafa gas ko gawayi. Sanya kowane kifin kifin a kan wata takarda wacce take da girman da zata kunshi kifin gaba daya.
• Ki goga kifin da man zaitun a bangarorin biyu, ki ringa shan cokali 1/2 kowanne. Salt da barkono, yayyafa da Rosemary. Ga kowane yanki na kifin, sa yanki lemun tsami 1, zuba 1 tbsp. l. lemun tsami ruwan 'ya'yan itace da 2 tbsp. l. ruwan inabi, yayyafa da 1 tsp. Masu kamawa.
• Kunsa tam tare da tsare. Sanya fuskokin enil ɗin a kan kangon da aka dafa da dafa na mintina 8-10 har sai sun dahu sosai.
• Sanya kifin a cikin faranti ko kwano mara kyau kuma kuyi hidima. Bari kowa ya buɗe ambulan da kansa.

• A ci abinci lafiya!