A cikin shekarun 1960, Paul D. MacLean, likitan Amurka kuma masanin ƙwayoyin cuta, ya haɓaka ƙa'idar kwakwalwa ta uku, yana ba da cikakken bayanin ƙungiyar kwakwalwa zuwa sassa uku: reptilian brain, limbic brain, and neo-cortex brain. A yau an nuna shi a matsayin wanda ya tsufa kuma ba a yarda da shi ba, har yanzu muna samun wannan suna na “reptilian brain” game da wani ɓangaren kwakwalwa da aka gada daga dabbobi masu rarrafe shekaru miliyan 250 da suka gabata. Menene kwakwalwar reptilian ke nufi a lokacin wannan ka'idar? Menene abubuwan da suka bambanta ta? Mene ne rigimar da ta zubar da mutuncin wannan ka'idar?

A cewar Dakta Paul D. Maclean da ka'idar sa da aka kafa a shekarun 1960, an tsara kwakwalwar mu zuwa manyan sassa uku: kwakwalwar limbic (da ta ƙunshi hippocampus, amygdala da hypothalamus), neo-cortex (wanda ya ƙunshi sassan kwakwalwa biyu) kuma a ƙarshe kwakwalwar reptilian, tana gabatar da shekaru miliyan 500 a cikin nau'in dabbobi. Waɗannan sassa uku suna sadarwa da juna amma suna aiki azaman ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Kwakwalwar reptilian galibi ana kiranta da “kwakwalwar kwakwalwa”, tunda tana sarrafa mahimman ayyukan kwayoyin halitta.

Kwakwalwar tsoka da archaic, kwakwalwar reptilian tana kula da muhimman buƙatu da ƙa'idojin mahimman ayyukan kwayoyin halitta:

• numfashi;
• zafin jiki;
• abinci;
• haifuwa;
• mitar zuciya.

Hakanan ana kiranta “tsohuwar” kwakwalwa, saboda kasancewarta a cikin rayayyun halittu (kifi) sama da shekaru miliyan 500, ita ce kwakwalwar da ke da alhakin ilimin rayuwa, yana haifar da halayen kamar tashi ko tashi. tashin hankali, motsa jiki, ilhami na haifuwa tare da lura da kiyaye nau'in. Kwakwalwar ta sake haɓakawa a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma ta kai matakin mafi ci gaba a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, kusan shekaru miliyan 250 da suka gabata.

Ya haɗa da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwa da cerebellum, ainihin abin da ya haɗa da kwakwalwar masu rarrafe. Abin dogaro sosai, wannan kwakwalwar duk da haka tana kasancewa cikin tuƙi da tilas. Rashin ƙwarewa don ƙwarewa, wannan kwakwalwar tana da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta ɗan gajeren lokaci, ba ta ƙyale ta ta daidaita ko ta canza ba, kamar neo-cortex.

Shiga cikin ayyukan fahimi kamar hankali, yana daidaita halayen tsoro da jin daɗi. Ƙwaƙwalwar binary ce (a'a ko a'a), irin wannan motsawar koyaushe zai kai ga amsa iri ɗaya. Amsa nan da nan, mai kama da reflex. Dangane da bayanan da aka baiwa kwakwalwa, yanke shawara ya rage gare ta, kuma kwakwalwar reptilian zata mamaye kwakwalwar limbic da neo-cortex.

Halin tilastawa (camfi, rikicewar rikice-rikice) zai samo asali ne daga kwakwalwar reptilian. Hakanan, buƙatarmu a cikin al'umma don dogaro da madaukakin iko, ko kuma buƙatarmu ta son ibada (addini, al'adu, al'ada, zamantakewa, da sauransu).

Kwararrun masu talla da tallace -tallace sun san shi ma: mutum mai dogaro da ƙwaƙƙwaran kwakwalwarsa ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi. Ta hanyar abinci ko jima'i, suna magana kai tsaye ga wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa, kuma suna samun halayen “tilasta” daga waɗannan mutanen. Babu juyin halitta ta hanyar gogewa da zai yiwu da zarar an yi rijistar tsarin maimaitawa.

Akwai halin yin imani cewa don rayuwa a cikin al'umma, ɗan adam zai buƙaci ayyukansa na hankali da ikon tunani kawai, sabili da haka zai yi amfani da neo-cortex da kwakwalwar limbic kawai. Kuskure! Kwakwalwar reptilian ba don rayuwar mu kawai ba.

Baya ga iliminmu na haifuwa wanda aka ba shi amana, kuma yana hidimta mana ba tare da mun san shi ba a gaban sauran mutanen da ba jinsi ba, yana yi mana hidima yayin wasu halayen da ke da mahimmanci a gare mu don rayuwa a cikin al'umma. Misali, muna sarrafa tashin hankalinmu, ra'ayin yanki da halayen atomatik da ke da alaƙa da al'ummu, al'adun addini, da sauransu.

Ka'idar kwakwalwa da Paul D. Maclean ya kafa a shekarun 1960 ta kasance mai kawo rigima a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta hanyar binciken kimiyya. Ba mu musanta kasancewar kwakwalwa a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, amma a maimakon haka wasiƙa tsakanin kwakwalwarsu da kwakwalwar da a baya ake kira “reptilian” a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da mutane.

Kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ba su damar ƙarin halaye masu fasali, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kwakwalwa ta sama, kamar ƙwaƙwalwa ko kewayawa na sarari. Don haka ba daidai ba ne a yi imani da cewa kwakwalwar reptilian ta takaita zuwa mafi mahimman buƙatu.

Me ya sa irin wannan mummunar fahimta ta daɗe?

A gefe guda, saboda dalilai na zamantakewa da falsafa: “kwakwalwar reptilian” tana nufin duality na yanayin ɗan adam, wanda muke samu a cikin tsoffin falsafa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙirar kwakwalwar taurari kamar ana jujjuya ta zuwa tsarin Freudian: abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwar suna da kamanceceniya da Freudian "ni", "superego" da "id".