Contents
Tafarnuwa shuka ce mai albarkar thioesters da allicin. Abubuwan da aka gyara suna ba da kwan fitila ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano-daci tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Amma, duk da gaskiyar cewa shuka ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ƙonewa, masu lambu suna mamakin samun parasites a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Jajayen tsutsotsi a cikin tafarnuwa suna lalata shuka kuma, suna shiga cikin kai, su juya ta zama ƙura.
Akwai babban rukuni na kwari wanda tafarnuwa ita ce babban abinci.
Me yasa tsutsotsi suke bayyana a tafarnuwa
Masana aikin noma sun tabbata cewa yankunan tsutsotsi na jajayen tsutsotsi da sauran kwari suna kai hari kan shukar da aka noma saboda rashin kiyaye yanayin juyar da amfanin gona da rashin kula da shuka. Wani abu da ke da mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin gadaje kayan lambu shine alamun zafin jiki mara kyau da kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Har ila yau, kamuwa da kwari da shuka shuka na iya faruwa saboda amfani da gurɓataccen kayan aikin lambu. Shebur, rake, na'urori masu sassauta suna canja wurin ɓangarorin fungal, ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da tsutsa na ƙwayoyin cuta na arthropod daga tsire-tsire masu lalacewa zuwa masu lafiya. Tsutsotsin tafarnuwa da sauran nau'ikan kwari suna cutar da shuka a matakai daban-daban na ciyayi ko lokacin ajiya.
Me tsutsotsi suke cin tafarnuwa
Tsutsotsi da sauran kwari na arthropod ba kawai lalata kyallen jikin shuka ba, har ma masu ɗauke da cututtuka. Yakin da cututtuka na buƙatar lokaci mai mahimmanci da farashin kayan aiki. Dangane da wannan, ƙwararrun lambu suna ƙoƙarin kawar da tsiron jajayen tsutsotsi nan da nan bayan gano su. Tasirin matakan ya dogara da yadda aka gano ƙwayar albasa daidai kuma an zaɓi isassun hanyoyin yin tasiri.
Shuke-shuken tafarnuwa da albasa suna da abokan gaba na kwari da yawa.
Albasa grinder
Mara lahani a bayyanar, launin toka-fari asu kwari ne masu haɗari. Matan injinan albasa suna yin ƙwai da yawa a cikin dashen tafarnuwa. Ya bayyana ruwan hoda-ja mai kauri mai kauri caterpillars suna cinye naman ƙwanƙarar, wanda ke haifar da ruɓe da bushewar kwararan fitila.
Har zuwa 30 albasa grinder caterpillars iya zama a kan tafarnuwa a lokaci guda
ɓoyayyu
Ƙananan kwari masu launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace a zahiri. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan kwaro na mace ya yi ƙwai, tsutsa masu banƙyama sun bayyana. Tafarnuwa ta daina girma kuma ta raunana, kawunan ba sa samuwa, amfanin gona na iya mutuwa gaba daya.
Thrips tsira da hunturu a karkashin rufe Sikeli, infested shugabannin rot
Lukovaâ tashi
A wajen babban kwaro, albasa gardama, yana da launin toka. Farin tsutsa kwari suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara. Wurin kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta shine tushe na rosette na ganye ko ƙasa kusa da kai. Sakamakon fallasa ga tsutsa, kwararan fitila suna yin laushi kuma suna lalacewa.
Kuda mai albasa ita ce kwarin tafarnuwa mafi hatsari kuma tana ko'ina.
Tushen tafarnuwa nematode
Fuka-fukan al'adun lambu suna juyawa rawaya kuma suna mutuwa lokacin da tushen nematode ya mamaye. Bayan samun tushen tafarnuwa na tsutsotsi, zaku iya la'akari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta akan shi. Daga baya, kawunan su zama sako-sako da rube.
Nematode - ɗan ƙaramin tsutsotsi na bakin ciki wanda ke ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace
Asu albasa
Albasa asu caterpillars suna da haɗari ga dasa tafarnuwa. Yellow-kore tare da launin ruwan kasa warts halittu daidaita daidai kan kiban. Wuraren haske suna tasowa akan ganyen shukar da suka lalace. Daga ƙarshe, gashin gashin tafarnuwa sun juya launin rawaya kuma sun bushe, kuma cin zarafi na tsarin photosynthesis yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa shugabannin ba su ci gaba ba kuma sun kasance ƙananan.
Haske mai haske da ratsi akan kiban tafarnuwa sune sakamakon aikin caterpillars asu na albasa.
Mukha-jurchalka
Kwarin mai kama da zazzagewa yana sanya ƙwai a cikin axils na ganyen shuka. Larvae masu ƙazanta masu launin rawaya, kama da tsutsotsi masu kitse, suna lalata kawunan tafarnuwa. Furen fungal ko na kwayan cuta na tasowa a cikin kwararan fitila da abin ya shafa. A lokacin bazara, tsararraki biyu na kwaro suna bayyana.
Larvae na hoverfly tashi, ban da tafarnuwa, yakan shafi furannin lambu.
Abin da za a yi idan akwai tsutsotsi a cikin tafarnuwa
Idan aka gano ƙwayoyin cuta a kan amfanin gonakin lambu, ya zama dole a ɗauki matakan lalata kwari da tsutsansu. Magungunan jama'a da abubuwan da masana'antar sinadarai ke samarwa za su taimaka wajen kawar da tsutsotsi a cikin tafarnuwa.
Chemicals
Idan tsutsa ta ci tafarnuwa, zai fi kyau a bi da gadaje da sinadarai. Agrotechnicians sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da abubuwan kashe kwari a lokuta inda sama da kashi 10% na shuka ke shafa. Shaguna na musamman suna ba da samfura iri-iri don yaƙar tsutsotsi ja. Don fesa gadaje kayan lambu, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari na duniya: Tagore, Malathion, Aktara, Calypso.
Hakanan zaka iya kawar da tafarnuwa nematode tare da taimakon abubuwan kashe kwari. A cikin yaki da zaren tsutsotsi, kwayoyi masu zuwa suna da tasiri - Fitoverm da Akarin.
A matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, ana iya dasa tafarnuwa tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate. Bayan girbi, ana shayar da ƙasa daga tsutsotsi tare da formalin ko hydrogen peroxide. Matsakaicin maganin shine 1:25 (cokali biyu na abu da guga na ruwa).
Magungunan gargajiya
Sau da yawa, masu lambu a cikin yaƙi da tsutsotsi ja da sauran kwari suna amfani da kayan aikin da aka tabbatar ta hanyar gogewa na ƙarni. Masu mallakar gonaki guda ɗaya da manoma waɗanda ke samar da samfuran muhalli sun fi son yin amfani da abubuwa dangane da girke-girke na jama'a.
Daga cikin shahararrun magungunan kashe tsutsotsi masu ja da tsutsa:
- Kurar taba tare da tokar itace, ana ɗauka daidai gwargwado. An yi amfani da cakuda tare da barkono na ƙasa (ja ko baki), ana kula da shuka.
- Jiko na celandine ko wormwood, shirya daga shuke-shuke steamed da ruwan zafi. Ana ba da wakili na kwana biyu, a tace a yi amfani da shi don fesa gadaje.
- Ruwan gishiri, wanda aka ba da shawarar shuka tafarnuwa a shayar da shi a karon farko a farkon watan Yuni. Ana sake yin magani daga tsutsotsi bayan makonni biyu. Don shirya bayani mai aiki, gilashin gishiri na tebur yana diluted a cikin guga na ruwa.
- Tafarnuwa da abin niƙa albasa ya shafa dole ne a sarrafa shi da dakakken toka na itace, mustard, boric acid ko lemun tsami. Ana fesa busassun kwayoyin halitta kai tsaye a kan tsire-tsire.
Bayan sun sami jajayen tsutsotsi a cikin tafarnuwa, sai suka fara yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta nan da nan. Ba shi da amfani a ceci tsire-tsire da suka bushe gaba ɗaya daga parasites. Don adana samfurori masu lafiya, an yanke sassan iska da aka fallasa ga tsutsotsi ja a hankali, ana ƙoƙarin kada su girgiza kwari akan shuka mai lafiya. Ana kona abubuwan da aka cire daga shuka tafarnuwa.
Rigakafin bayyanar
Tabbatar da matakan kariya daga lalacewa mai yawa ga shuka tafarnuwa ta tsutsotsi ja da sauran nau'ikan kwari shine babban yanayin samun girbi mai kyau. Agrotechnicians sun lura cewa matakai masu sauƙi zasu taimaka wajen kawar da dashen kwari a matakin farko:
- Yarda da ka'idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Yana da kyau a dasa tafarnuwa a wuraren da ba a yi girma a baya ba. Zai fi kyau a karya gadaje tare da tafarnuwa inda zucchini, kabewa, karas suke girma.
- Duban shugabannin kafin sauka. Mold, stains, laushi na cloves suna nuna buƙatar zubar da kwararan fitila.
- Gudanar da kayan shuka. 'Ya'yan da aka lalata da sinadarai ko samfuran halitta suna girma da ƙarfi, suna da rigakafi mai kyau daga tsutsotsi ja da sauran tsutsotsin kwari.
- Tabbatar da kulawar agrotechnical na hankali don shuka. Daidaitaccen lokaci kuma isasshen danshi, hadi, sassauta ƙasa shine ingantaccen kariyar tafarnuwa daga nau'ikan parasites da yawa.
- Yin amfani da fungicidal, kwari da shirye-shiryen acaricidal don dalilai na rigakafi.
- Disinfection na ƙasa sau biyu a shekara (a cikin bazara kafin dasa shuki da fall bayan girbi). Copper sulphate, potassium permanganate ana amfani dashi azaman disinfectant.
Lokaci na gano ƙwayoyin cuta yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da dubawa na yau da kullum na shuka da kuma kula da yanayin gadaje. Duk wani sauye-sauye na nuni da cewa jan tsutsotsi ne suka kai musu hari ko kuma sun kamu da wata cuta. An gabatar da manyan matakan rigakafi da sarrafa kwari na tafarnuwa a cikin bidiyon:
Kammalawa
Jajayen tsutsotsi a cikin tafarnuwa wata annoba ce da za ku iya kawar da ita ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyoyin fasaha cikin dabara, ta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da ingantattun magungunan jama'a. Rigakafin da aka tsara da kyau da kuma kula da dashen shuke-shuke daga parasites shine tabbacin girbi mai kyau.