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Fushi, tsoro, bakin ciki… Mun san yadda waɗannan motsin zuciyarmu zasu iya mamaye mu. Kuma wannan ya fi dacewa ga yaro. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci, don iyaye, su koya wa yaronsa don sarrafa motsin zuciyarsa da kyau, kada ya zama abin damuwa. Wannan iyawar za ta kasance a gare shi, a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa kamar yadda zai kasance a cikin rayuwarsa ta gaba, babban abu don tabbatar da halinsa.
Menene motsin rai?
Hankali yanayi ne na halitta wanda ke bayyana kansa azaman ji na jiki kuma yana haifar da ɗabi'a: shine tushen halayenmu. A wasu kalmomi, motsin zuciyar da yaron ya ji yanke shawara. Suna imbue rayuwarsa ta gaba tare da launi na musamman.
Jaririn yana rayuwa mai kusanci da mahaifiyarsa sannan ya jike zuciyarsa. "A lokacin da aka haife shi, idan mahaifiyarsa ta ji tsoro, jaririn zai ji tsoro sosai," in ji Catherine Gueguen. Amma idan ta kasance lafiya, kwanciyar hankali, shi ma zai kasance. Akwai yara masu murmushi lokacin haihuwa! "
Watannin farko, jariri ya fara bambanta. Wanda kawai yake jin kansa ya wanzu ta hanyar jin daɗin jikinsa, yana da alaƙa da motsin zuciyarsa. Yana bayyana nasa ji. Ta wurin mai da hankali, za mu iya fahimtarsa.
Yadda za a ayyana motsin rai?
Don ayyana motsin rai, ilimin ƙa'idar halitta yana sanya mu kan hanya. Kalmar ta fito daga Latin "mover", wanda ke farawa a motsi. "Har zuwa karni na ashirin, mun dauki motsin rai a matsayin abin kunya, in ji Dokta Catherine Gueguen, likitan yara. Amma tun da haɓakar ilimin kimiyyar ƙwaƙwalwa da zamantakewa, mun fahimci cewa suna da mahimmanci ga ci gabanmu: suna ƙayyade yadda muke tunani, aiki da aiki. "
Nisa daga kasancewa a tsare manyan motsin rai guda biyar da aka ambata (tsoro, kyama, farin ciki, bakin ciki, fushi), palette na tunanin ɗan adam yana da faɗi sosai: kowane abin jin daɗi yana daidai da motsin rai. Don haka, a cikin jariri, rashin jin daɗi, gajiya, har ma da yunwa, akwai motsin rai da tsoro ko jin daɗin kadaici. Ga jarirai, kowane abin jin daɗi yana da launi na tunanin da yake nunawa ta hanyar hawaye, kuka, murmushi, motsi, matsayi, amma sama da duka ta hanyar bayyanar fuskarsa. Idanuwanta suna nunin rayuwarta ta cikinta.
"A cikin yara masu shekaru 0-3, motsin rai shine kawai hanyar da za a iya bayyana ji na jiki, bukatu da tunani, saboda haka gaskiyar cewa su ma suna nan kuma suna cin zarafi a wannan lokacin rayuwa. Kalmomi masu kwantar da hankali, girgiza hannuwa, tausa na ciki, cikin sauƙin sakin waɗannan motsin zuciyarmu… ”
Anne-Laure Benattar
A cikin bidiyo: Kalmomin sihiri 12 don taimaka wa yaranku su kwantar da hankalinsu
Duk abin da yaron yake ji shine motsin rai
Da zaran iyayen suka yi tunanin ya gane abin da jaririnsa yake ji, dole ne ya yi furuci ta hanyar tambaya kuma ya lura da yadda yaron ya ce: “Kana kaɗaici? "," Kuna so mu canza diaper ɗin ku? “. Yi hankali kada ku "manna" fassarar ku a kan yaron, kuma ku kiyaye shi da kyau don tsaftace fahimtarsa. Fuskarta a bude, huta? Alama ce mai kyau. Da zarar iyaye sun gano abin da ke aiki, lokacin da ya san maganganun da yaron ya ji, sai ya amsa daidai: yaron ya ji ya ji, yana da kwanciyar hankali. Yana ɗaukar lokaci, amma yana da mahimmanci don haɓakarsa.
Lalle ne, binciken da aka yi kan tasirin motsin rai da aka gudanar a cikin mahallin tasiri da zamantakewar zamantakewa ya nuna cewa kwakwalwar da ke cikin damuwa - alal misali a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ba a gane motsin zuciyarsa ko la'akari da shi ba, amma wanda muka ce "dakatar da waɗannan sha'awar. !” - yana samar da cortisol, hormone wanda ke toshe ci gaban yankuna da yawa na kwakwalwa, ciki har da cortex na prefrontal, wurin zama na yanke shawara da aiki, da amygdala, cibiyar sarrafa motsin zuciyarmu. Akasin haka, halin tausayi yana ƙarfafa haɓakar duk wani abu mai launin toka., yana ƙara ƙarar hippocampus, wani yanki mai mahimmanci don koyo, kuma yana haifar da jarirai samar da oxytocin, wani hormone wanda zai taimaka musu wajen sarrafa motsin zuciyar su da kuma bunkasa halayen zamantakewar su ta hanyar haɗawa da motsin zuciyar waɗanda ke kewaye da shi. Tausayi ga yaro yana inganta haɓakar kwakwalwarsa kuma yana ba shi damar samun tushen ilimin kansa wanda zai sa ya zama babba mai daidaitacce.
Ya san kansa
Yayin da yara suka girma, za su iya danganta tunani da harshe da yadda suke ji. Idan an yi la'akari da abin da ya faru na motsin zuciyarsa tun farkon kwanakinsa, idan ya ji babban mutum yana sanya kalmomi ga abin da yake ji, zai san yadda zai yi a lokacinsa. Don haka, daga ɗan shekara 2, ɗan ƙaramin yaro zai iya sanin ko yana jin baƙin ciki, damuwa ko fushi… Babban kadara don fahimtar kansa!
Mun yi la'akari da motsin zuciyar "marasa kyau" kawai. Mu shiga cikin al'adar ma furucin masu dadi! Don haka, yawancin yaro zai ji iyayensa suna cewa: "Na same ku mai farin ciki / nishadi / gamsuwa / mai ban sha'awa / farin ciki / mai sha'awar / m / mai ƙarfi / sha'awar / da dai sauransu. zai iya sake haifuwa daga baya waɗannan launuka daban-daban akan palette na motsin zuciyarsa.
Lokacin da kuka yi la'akari da yadda take ji ba tare da yanke hukunci ko bacin rai ba, jaririn yana jin ƙarfin gwiwa. Idan muka taimaka masa ya faɗi ra’ayinsa, zai san yadda zai yi da wuri, wanda hakan zai taimaka masa ya bunƙasa. A gefe guda, ba kafin shekaru 6-7 ba - wannan sanannen shekarun tunani! - cewa zai koyi sarrafa motsin zuciyarsa (don kwantar da hankali ko kwantar da hankalin kansa, alal misali). Har sai lokacin, yana buƙatar taimakon ku don magance bacin rai da fushi…