Abin takaici, tsarin gwaji na yanzu yana da matsaloli masu tsanani. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan batutuwa an daɗe da sanin su, kamar gwajin yana da tsada sosai ko kuma yana cutar da dabbobi da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, babbar matsala ita ce gwajin ba ya aiki yadda masana kimiyya ke so.
Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka yi nazarin wani sinadari, suna ƙoƙarin gano ko yana da kyau mutum ya sami ɗan ƙaramin abin gwajin shekaru da yawa. Masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙari su amsa tambaya game da amincin ɗaukar dogon lokaci zuwa ƙaramin abu. Amma nazarin tasirin dogon lokaci a cikin dabbobi yana da wahala saboda yawancin dabbobi ba sa rayuwa mai tsawo, kuma masana kimiyya suna son bayanai da sauri fiye da tsawon rayuwar dabbar. Don haka masana kimiyya suna fallasa dabbobi zuwa yawan sinadarai masu yawa-mafi girman kashi a cikin gwaje-gwaje yawanci yana nuna wasu alamun wuce gona da iri.
A haƙiƙa, masu bincike na iya amfani da ƙididdiga na sinadari wanda ya ninka sau dubbai fiye da abin da kowane ɗan adam zai fuskanta a ainihin amfani. Matsalar ita ce tare da wannan hanya, tasirin ba ya bayyana sau dubbai cikin sauri. Duk abin da za ku iya koya daga gwaji mai yawa shine abin da zai iya faruwa a cikin yanayi mai yawa.
Wata matsalar gwajin dabbobi ita ce, mutane ba manyan beraye ba ne kawai, beraye, zomaye, ko wasu dabbobin gwaji ba. Tabbas, akwai wasu mahimman kamanceceniya a cikin ilimin halitta, sel, da tsarin gabobin jiki, amma akwai kuma bambance-bambancen da ke haifar da babban bambanci.
Abubuwa hudu masu mahimmanci suna taimakawa wajen sanin yadda bayyanar sinadarai ke shafar dabba: yadda sinadaran ke sha, rarraba a cikin jiki, metabolized da fitarwa. Wadannan hanyoyin zasu iya bambanta da yawa tsakanin jinsuna, wani lokacin suna haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tasirin bayyanar sinadarai.
Masu bincike suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da dabbobin da ke kusa da mutane. Idan sun damu game da tasirin da zai iya faruwa a zuciya, za su iya amfani da kare ko alade - saboda tsarin jini na waɗannan dabbobi sun fi kama da mutane fiye da na sauran dabbobi. Idan sun damu da tsarin juyayi, suna iya amfani da kuliyoyi ko birai. Amma ko da tare da ingantacciyar wasa, bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan na iya yin wahalar fassara sakamakon ɗan adam. Ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ilmin halitta na iya yin babban bambanci. Misali, a cikin berayen, beraye da zomaye, fata da sauri ta sha sinadarai - da sauri fiye da fatar mutum. Don haka, gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da waɗannan dabbobi na iya wuce gona da iri kan haɗarin sinadarai waɗanda ke shiga cikin fata.
A cewar Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, sama da kashi 90% na sabbin sinadarai masu alƙawarin sun gaza a gwajin ɗan adam, ko dai saboda mahadi ba sa aiki ko kuma suna haifar da lahani da yawa. Koyaya, kowane ɗayan waɗannan mahadi a baya an yi nasarar gwada su a cikin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi da yawa.
Gwajin dabba yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana da tsada. Yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 10 da $3,000,000 don kammala duk nazarin dabbobi da ake buƙata don yin rajistar maganin kashe kwari guda ɗaya tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka. Kuma gwaje-gwaje na wannan sinadari na maganin kashe kwari zai kashe dabbobi har 10 - beraye, beraye, zomaye, aladun Guinea da karnuka. Akwai dubun dubatar sinadarai da ke jiran gwaji a duniya, kuma gwada kowannensu na iya jawo asarar miliyoyin daloli, aikin shekaru, da dubban rayukan dabbobi. Koyaya, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba garantin aminci ba ne. Kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, ƙasa da 000% na sababbin magunguna sun sami nasarar wuce gwajin ɗan adam. A cewar wata kasida a mujallar Forbes, kamfanonin harhada magunguna suna kashe kusan dala biliyan 10 wajen samar da wani sabon magani. Idan maganin bai yi aiki ba, kamfanoni kawai suna asarar kuɗi.
Yayin da masana'antu da yawa ke ci gaba da dogaro da gwajin dabbobi, masana'antun da yawa suna fuskantar sabbin dokokin da suka hana gwada wasu abubuwa akan dabbobi. Tarayyar Turai, Indiya, Isra'ila, São Paulo, Brazil, Koriya ta Kudu, New Zealand, da Turkiyya sun amince da takunkumi kan gwajin dabbobi da/ko hana siyar da kayan kwalliyar da aka gwada. Burtaniya ta haramta gwajin dabbobi na sinadarai na gida (misali tsaftacewa da kayan wanki, injin iska). A nan gaba, ƙasashe da yawa za su ɗauki waɗannan haramcin yayin da mutane da yawa ke adawa da gwajin sinadarai akan dabbobi.