Paraparesis wani nau'i ne mai sauƙi na inna na ƙananan ƙafafu wanda yake da kwayoyin halitta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Za a iya kawar da ciwo da spasms tare da magani, kuma jiyya na jiki da motsa jiki na iya kula da motsi da ƙarfin tsoka.

Ma'anar paraparesis

Paraparesis wani lokaci ne na likita da aka yi amfani da shi don nuna rashin ƙarfi na ci gaba tare da kwangilar tsoka (rauni na spastic) a cikin ƙananan sassan. Wani nau'i ne mai laushi na paraplegia (inna na ƙananan gaɓɓai).

Spastic paraparesis rukuni ne na cututtuka da ke haifar da cututtuka na kashin baya.

Nau'in paraparesis

Spastic paraparesis na iya zama na gado ko kuma ya haifar da ƙwayar cuta.

Paraparesis na gado na gado

An raba su zuwa marasa rikitarwa (ko tsarkakakku) da rikitarwa (ko hadaddun) a cikin yanayin inda alamun alamun spasticity na ƙananan hannu suna tare da wasu alamu kamar:

• Cerebellar atrophy: raguwa a girma ko girman cerebellum
• A bakin ciki corpus callosum (mahadar tsakanin hemispheres biyu na kwakwalwa)
• Ataxia: rashin daidaituwar motsi saboda lalacewa ga cerebellum

A dabi'a, ana iya rarraba spastic paraparesis bisa ga yanayin watsa su:

• rinjaye: ya isa cewa rashin daidaituwa ya shafi kwafin kwayar halitta guda ɗaya don cutar ta tasowa.
• Recessive: Anomaly dole ne ya shafi duka kwafin kwayoyin halitta, kowannensu ya gada daga daya daga cikin iyaye, don cutar ta ci gaba.
• X-linked: Maza, waɗanda ke da X chromosome guda ɗaya kawai, suna samun cutar idan suna ɗauke da rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwafin kwayoyin halittarsu guda ɗaya.

Paraparesis na wurare masu zafi

Har ila yau, ana kiransa HTLV-1 myelopathy mai alaƙa, cuta ce mai girma a hankali na kashin baya wanda cutar ta mutum ta lymphotrophic T ta nau'in 1 (HTLV-1).

Abubuwan da ke haifar da spastic paraparesis

Paraparesis na gado na iya zama sakamakon nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa ko kuma suna iya haɓaka da kansu. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'ikan spastic paraparesis iri 41 an san su, amma 17 ne kawai aka gano asalin alhaki.

Kwayar cutar HTLV-1 ce ke haifar da spastic spastic paraparesis na wurare masu zafi.

bincike

Ana zargin ɓoyayyiyar ɓarna na gado saboda wanzuwar tarihin iyali da kowace alamar spastic paraparesis.

Da farko ganewar asali ya dogara ne akan keɓance wasu dalilai masu yiwuwa:

• Adrenoleukodystrophy, cutar neurodegenerative mai alaƙa da X
• mahara sclerosis
• Cutar da ke tattare da neuron na sama (primary lateral sclerosis ko amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
• HIV ko HTLV-1 kamuwa da cuta
• Rashi a cikin bitamin B12, bitamin E ko jan karfe
• Spinocerebellar ataxia, cutar neuromuscular da ke shafar cerebellum
• Rashin lafiya na arteriovenous na kashin baya
• Ciwon kasusuwa
• Cervicoarthritis myelopathy, kunkuntar canal na kashin baya wanda ke matsawa igiyar mahaifa.

A wasu lokuta ana yin ganewar asali na spastic paresis na gado ta hanyar gwajin kwayoyin halitta.

Mutanen da abin ya shafa

Paraparesis na gado yana shafar duka jinsi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba kuma yana iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Yana shafar mutane 3 zuwa 10 a cikin 100.

hadarin dalilai

Hadarin haɓaka paraparesis na gado ya fi girma idan akwai tarihin iyali. A cikin yanayin yanayin spastic paraparesis, haɗarin kamuwa da cutar yana da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HTLV-1, wacce ke yaduwa ta hanyar saduwa da jima'i, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin jini ko ta hanyar fallasa jini. Hakanan ana iya wucewa daga uwa zuwa yaro ta hanyar shayarwa.

Spasticity na ƙananan ƙafafu

An bayyana spasticity ta hanyar karuwa a cikin tonic stretch reflex, wato an yi karin tsokar tsokar tsoka. Yana haifar da sautin tsoka da yawa wanda zai iya zama sanadin ciwo da spasms, kuma yana haifar da rashin aiki na gabobi.

Rashin ƙarancin mota

Mutanen da ke da paraparesis sau da yawa suna fuskantar wahalar tafiya. Za su iya yin tafiya saboda suna tafiya da yatsunsu, tare da juya ƙafafu zuwa ciki. Sau da yawa takalma suna lalacewa a cikin babban yatsan hannu. Sau da yawa mutane suna fuskantar wahalar hawa hawa ko gangara, shiga kujera ko mota, yin ado, da yin ado.

Asthenia

Asthenia gajiya ce mara kyau idan ta dawwama ko da bayan hutu. Yana haifar da jin rashin iya aiwatar da ayyukan yau da kullun.

Rashin hankali

Rashin ma'anar matsayi na ƙafafu da yatsun kafa

Sauran alamu

A cikin marasa rikitarwa, muna iya gani kuma:

• Karancin tashin hankali na jijjiga jijiya
• Alamun Urinary (rashin kwanciyar hankali)
• Ƙafafu mara kyau

A cikin rikitattun siffofi,

• Ataxia, rashin daidaituwa na motsi na asalin jijiya
• Amyotrophie
• Atrophy na gani
• Retinopathy pigmentosa
• Rashin hankali
• Alamun Extrapyramidal
• Dementia
• Jiron
• Tsinkaya neuropathy
• epilepsy

Jiyya alama ce, gami da jiyya don kawar da spasticity.

• Magungunan ƙwayoyi na yau da kullum: baclofen, dantrolene, clonazepam, diazepam, tizanidine, benzodiazepines
• Jiyya na gida: toshe maganin sa barci, toxin botulinum (wanda aka yi niyya na intromuscular), barasa, tiyata (neurotomy zaɓi)

Magungunan jiki da motsa jiki na iya taimakawa wajen kula da motsi da ƙarfin tsoka, inganta yawan motsi da jimiri, rage gajiya, da kuma hana spasms.

Wasu marasa lafiya suna amfana daga amfani da tsatsa, sanda ko ƙugiya.

Don spastic paraparesias na wurare masu zafi, jiyya da yawa na iya zama da amfani don yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta:

• Interferon alpha
• Immunoglobulin (a cikin intravenously)
• Corticosteroids (irin su methylprednisolone na baka)

Don guje wa yin kwangilar paraparesis na wurare masu zafi, hulɗa da kwayar cutar HTLV-1 ya kamata a rage. Yana yada ta:

• Saduwa da jima'i
• Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba
• Bayyanar jini

Ana iya wucewa daga uwa zuwa yaro ta hanyar shayarwa. Ya fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin karuwai, masu yin alluran ƙwayoyi, mutanen da ke fama da ciwon jini da kuma yawan jama'a a wasu yankuna ciki har da kusa da equator, kudancin Japan da Kudancin Amirka.