Kwanan nan an samu rahoton cewa kamfanin Gl Dynamics na Amurka ya samar da wata sabuwar hanya ta maganin kiba, wadda za ta iya zama wata hanya mai arha da aminci ga hanyoyin tiyatar rage kiba a halin yanzu. Gl Dynamics ne ya ƙirƙira, na'urar EndoBarrier wani bututu ne mara ƙarfi da aka yi da polymer na roba, wanda ke manne da tushe da aka yi da nitinol (garin titanium da nickel). Tushen EndoBarrier yana daidaitawa a cikin ciki, kuma "hannun hannu" na polymer na tsawon santimita 60 yana buɗewa a cikin ƙananan hanji, yana hana ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki. Gwaje-gwaje a kan masu aikin sa kai fiye da 150 sun nuna cewa shigarwar EndoBarrier ba ta da tasiri fiye da rage yawan ƙwayar ciki ta hanyar bandeji. A lokaci guda kuma, ana shigar da na'urar kuma an cire ta cikin baki, ta hanyar amfani da hanyar endoscopic mai sauƙi da aminci ga majiyyaci, idan ya cancanta, an cire shi, kuma farashinsa ya fi na maganin tiyata. Kiba wani yanayi ne inda yawan adadin adipose nama a jiki ke haifar da barazana ga lafiyar dan adam. Ana amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin jiki (BMI) azaman ma'auni na haƙiƙa na yawan kiba ko ƙarancin kiba. Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar rarraba nauyin jiki a kilogiram da murabba'in tsayi a mita; misali, mutumin da ya kai kilogiram 70 da tsayin mita 1,75 yana da BMI na 70/1,752 = 22,86 kg/m2. BMI na 18,5 zuwa 25 kg/m2 ana ɗaukar al'ada. Fihirisar da ke ƙasa da 18,5 tana nuna ƙarancin taro, 25-30 yana nuna yawan sa, kuma sama da 30 yana nuna kiba. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da abinci da motsa jiki da farko don magance kiba. Sai kawai idan ba su da tasiri, koma zuwa magani ko magani na tiyata. Abincin rage nauyi ya faɗi zuwa rukuni huɗu: ƙananan mai, ƙarancin carb, ƙarancin kalori, da ƙarancin kalori. Abincin mai ƙarancin mai zai iya rage nauyi da kusan kilogiram uku a cikin watanni 2-12. Low-carb, kamar yadda binciken ya nuna, yana da tasiri kawai idan an rage yawan adadin kuzari na abinci, wato, ba sa haifar da asarar nauyi da kansu. Abincin ƙarancin kalori yana nuna raguwar ƙimar kuzarin abincin da ake cinyewa ta kilocalories 500-1000 a kowace rana, wanda ke ba da damar rasa kilogiram 0,5 na nauyi a mako kuma cimma matsakaicin asarar nauyi na kashi takwas cikin 3- watanni 12. Abincin mai ƙarancin kalori ya ƙunshi kilocalories 200 zuwa 800 kawai a kowace rana (a adadin 2-2,5 dubu), wato, a zahiri suna kashe jiki. Tare da taimakonsu, zaku iya rasa daga kilogiram 1,5 zuwa 2,5 a kowane mako, amma ba a jure su da kyau kuma suna cike da matsaloli daban-daban, kamar asarar tsoka, gout ko rashin daidaituwar electrolyte. Abincin abinci yana ba ku damar rage nauyi da sauri, amma kiyaye su da kiyayewa na gaba na taro da aka samu yana buƙatar ƙoƙarin da ba duk wanda ya rasa nauyi zai iya ba - gabaɗaya, muna magana ne game da canjin salon rayuwa. Gabaɗaya, kawai kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na mutane suna gudanar da nasarar rasa nauyi tare da taimakonsu. Amfanin abinci yana ƙaruwa lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da motsa jiki. Ƙara yawan adadin adipose nama yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka cututtuka da yawa: nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, cututtuka na tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, cututtuka na barci na barci (cututtukan numfashi a lokacin barci), lalata osteoarthritis, wasu nau'in ciwon daji da sauransu. Don haka, kiba yana matukar rage tsawon rayuwar dan Adam kuma yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake iya yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutar kuma daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Ta hanyar kanta, motsa jiki, samuwa ga yawancin mutane, yana haifar da ƙananan asarar nauyi kawai, amma lokacin da aka hade tare da rage cin abinci mai ƙarancin kalori, sakamakon yana ƙaruwa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, aikin jiki ya zama dole don kula da nauyin al'ada. Babban matakin nauyin horarwa yana tabbatar da asarar nauyi mai mahimmanci ko da ba tare da ƙuntataccen kalori ba. Wani bincike a Singapore ya nuna cewa sama da makonni 20 na horar da sojoji, masu kiba sun rasa matsakaicin kilogiram 12,5 na nauyin jiki, yayin da suke cin abinci mai kimar kuzari. Abincin abinci da motsa jiki, kodayake sune manyan jiyya da layin farko don kiba, ƙila ba za su taimaka wa duk marasa lafiya ba.
Magungunan hukuma na zamani yana da manyan magunguna guda uku don asarar nauyi tare da ingantattun hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne sibutramine, orlistat da rimonabant. Sibutramine ("Meridia") yana aiki a kan cibiyoyin yunwa da jin dadi kamar amphetamines, amma a lokaci guda ba shi da irin wannan tasirin psychostimulating mai mahimmanci kuma baya haifar da dogara ga miyagun ƙwayoyi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da amfani da shi na iya haɗawa da bushewar baki, rashin barci da maƙarƙashiya, kuma an hana shi ga mutanen da ke da cututtukan zuciya masu tsanani. Orlistat ("Xenical") yana rushe narkewa kuma, a sakamakon haka, sha mai mai a cikin hanji. Rashin cin mai, jiki ya fara amfani da ajiyarsa, wanda ke haifar da asarar nauyi. Duk da haka, kitsen da ba a narkar da shi ba zai iya haifar da tashin zuciya, zawo da rashin kwanciyar hankali, wanda a yawancin lokuta yana buƙatar dakatar da magani. Rimonabant (Acomplia, a halin yanzu kawai an amince da shi a cikin EU) shine sabon maganin asarar nauyi. Yana daidaita ci ta hanyar toshe masu karɓar cannabinoid a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda shine akasin sinadari mai aiki a cikin cannabis. Kuma idan amfani da marijuana yana ƙaruwa da ci, to, rimonabant, akasin haka, yana rage shi. Ko bayan bullo da maganin a kasuwa, an gano cewa yana rage sha’awar taba. Rashin lahani na rimonabant, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar nazarin tallace-tallace bayan tallace-tallace, amfani da shi yana kara yiwuwar tasowa ciki, kuma a wasu marasa lafiya yana iya haifar da tunanin kashe kansa. Amfanin waɗannan kwayoyi yana da matsakaici sosai: matsakaicin asarar nauyi tare da tsarin kulawa na dogon lokaci na olistat shine 2,9, sibutramine - 4,2, da rimonabant - 4,7 kilo. A halin yanzu, da yawa daga cikin kamfanonin harhada magunguna suna samar da sabbin magunguna don magance kiba, wasu daga cikinsu suna aiki iri ɗaya da waɗanda ake dasu, wasu kuma suna da tsarin aiki na daban. Misali, da alama yana da alƙawarin ƙirƙirar magani wanda ke aiki akan masu karɓar leptin, hormone wanda ke daidaita metabolism da kuzari. Hanyoyi mafi inganci da tsattsauran ra'ayi na magance kiba shine tiyata. An samar da ayyuka da yawa, amma dukkansu sun kasu kashi biyu na asali daban-daban bisa ga tsarinsu: kawar da adipose tissue da kansa da kuma gyaran gastrointestinal tract don rage ci ko sha na gina jiki. Ƙungiya ta farko ta haɗa da liposuction da abdominoplasty. Liposuction shine cire (“tsotsa”) nama mai kitse da ya wuce gona da iri ta hanyar ƙananan ɓangarorin fata ta hanyar amfani da famfo. Ba a cire sama da kilogiram biyar na mai a lokaci guda, tun da tsananin rikitarwa kai tsaye ya dogara da adadin nama da aka cire. Liposuction wanda bai yi nasara ba yana cike da nakasar sashin jiki da sauran abubuwan da ba a so. Abdominoplasty shine cirewa (excision) yawan fata da kitse na bangon ciki na gaba don ƙarfafa ta. Wannan tiyatar na iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke da yawan kitsen ciki. Har ila yau, yana da tsawon lokacin farfadowa - daga watanni uku zuwa shida. Ana iya yin tiyatar gyaran ɓangarorin hanji da nufin rage ƙarar ciki don farkon satiety. Ana iya haɗa wannan hanya tare da rage yawan sha na gina jiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rage ƙarar ciki. A tsaye Mason gastroplasty, wani ɓangare na ciki ya rabu da babban girmansa tare da matakan tiyata, yana samar da ƙaramin jaka wanda abinci ke shiga. Abin takaici, wannan "karamin-ciki" yana da sauri yana mikewa, kuma sa baki da kansa yana hade da babban hadarin rikitarwa. Sabuwar hanyar – bandejin ciki – ya ƙunshi rage ƙararsa tare da taimakon bandeji mai motsi kewaye da ciki. An haɗa bandeji maras kyau zuwa tafki da aka gyara a ƙarƙashin fata na bangon ciki na baya, wanda ke ba da damar daidaita ma'aunin maƙarƙashiya na ciki ta hanyar cikawa da zubar da tafki tare da maganin sodium chloride na physiological ta amfani da allurar hypodermic na al'ada. An yi imani da cewa bandeji yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi kawai lokacin da mai haƙuri yana da sha'awar rasa nauyi. Bugu da ƙari, yana yiwuwa a rage girman ciki ta hanyar cire mafi yawansa (yawanci kusan kashi 85). Ana kiran wannan aikin gastrectomy hannun riga. Yana iya zama mai rikitarwa ta hanyar mikewa da sauran ciki, depressurization na seams, da dai sauransu. Wasu hanyoyi guda biyu sun haɗu da raguwar ƙarar ciki tare da hana abubuwan gina jiki. Lokacin da ake amfani da anastomosis na ciki, ana ƙirƙirar jaka a cikin ciki, kamar a cikin gastroplasty a tsaye. Ana dinka jejunum a cikin wannan jaka, wanda abinci ke shiga. Duodenum, wanda aka rabu da jejunum, an suture shi a cikin lean "ƙasa". Don haka, yawancin ciki da duodenum an kashe su daga tsarin narkewa. A cikin gastroplasty tare da cire duodenal, har zuwa kashi 85 na ciki an cire. Sauran sun haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ƙananan ɓangaren ƙananan hanji da yawa tsawon mita, wanda ya zama abin da ake kira. madauki na narkewa. Babban bangaren karamar hanji, ciki har da duodenum, da aka kashe daga narkewar abinci, ana dinka shi ne daga sama a makance, sannan a dinka na kasa a cikin wannan madauki da nisan kusan mita kafin ya shiga cikin babban hanji. Hanyoyin narkewa da sha bayan haka zasu faru ne musamman a cikin wannan sashin mita, tunda enzymes masu narkewa suna shiga cikin lumen na gastrointestinal tract ta hanyar duodenum. Irin wannan hadaddun gyare-gyaren da ba za a iya jurewa ba na tsarin narkewar abinci sau da yawa yakan haifar da rikici mai tsanani a cikin aikinsa, kuma, saboda haka, a cikin dukan metabolism. Duk da haka, waɗannan ayyukan suna da tasiri sosai fiye da sauran hanyoyin da ake da su, kuma suna taimaka wa mutane masu ma'ana mafi tsanani na kiba. Haɓaka a cikin Amurka, EndoBarrier, kamar haka daga gwaje-gwaje na farko, yana da tasiri kamar magani na tiyata, kuma a lokaci guda baya buƙatar tiyata akan ƙwayar gastrointestinal kuma ana iya cire shi a kowane lokaci.
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