Contents
Janar bayanin cutar
Oligophrenia jinkiri ne ga ci gaban ƙwaƙwalwa ko haɓakar haɓakar halayyar ɗabi'a ko samu. Yana bayyana kansa a cikin sifar takeɓaɓɓen ƙwarewar ilimin ilimi, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban na kwakwalwa. Wannan yana haifar da haƙuri ga rashin iya daidaitawa a cikin jama'a.
Oligophrenia, a matsayin ra'ayi, masanin hauka ne na Jamusanci Emil Kraepelin ya fara gabatar da shi. Ma'anar "raunin hankali" ana ɗaukarsa daidai da kalmar zamani "taɓarɓarewar hankali". Amma, yana da daraja rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan ra'ayoyin. Rashin hankali tunani ne mafi fadi kuma ya ƙunshi ba kawai fannoni na tunani ba, har ma rashin kula da ilimin ilimin yara.
Oligophrenia an rarraba shi bisa ga halaye da yawa.
Dogaro da ko kai yaya tsananin sifa kuma matakin cutar, oligophrenia ya kasu kashi biyu:
- debility shi ne mafi ƙarancin bayyanuwar hauka;
- rashin aiki - oligophrenia na matsakaici mai tsanani;
- wawa - cutar ta bayyana sosai.
Wannan rarrabuwa na tsarin gargajiya ne.
Dogaro da lahani da kuma wadanda ba a san su ba Maria Pevzner (masanin kimiyar Amurka, masanin halayyar dan adam, likitan mahaukata, sanannen masanin ilmin boko) ya gano nau'ikan nau'ikan cutar 3:
- 1 oligophrenia na nau'i mai rikitarwa;
- 2 oligophrenia, mai rikitarwa ta hanyar rikice-rikice a cikin neurodynamics na mai haƙuri (a wannan yanayin, lahani sun bayyana kansu a cikin sifofi 3: a farkon lamarin, tashin hankali ya rinjayi hanawa, a na biyun, komai ya sabawa na farko, kuma a na uku, bayyananniyar rauni daga cikin manyan ayyukan juyayi da tafiyar matakai sun tsaya waje);
- 3 oligophrenia tare da ƙananan lobes na gaba da aka bayyana (tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi na gaba).
Modernididdigar zamani na tsananin oligophrenia ya dogara da matakin hankali na mai haƙuri da ICD-10 (Classasashen Duniya na Cututtuka na Gyara na 10), an bayar da digiri 4 na tsananin:
- mai sauki: IQ ya kai ƙimar tsakanin 50 da 70;
- tsakaita raunin hankali: matakin hankali na yaro daga 35 zuwa 50;
- Tã: IQ yana cikin kewayon 20-35;
- zurfin: IQ din yaronka bai kai 20 ba.
Dalilin Oligophrenia
Zasu iya zama na asali ko samu.
Zuwa kwayoyin dalilan ci gaban cutar rashin hankali sun haɗa da: haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ta chromosomes, ɓarna a cikin aikin ɓangarorin mutum na chromosomes ko kwayoyin halitta, maye gurbi na x chromosome.
Don samu dalilai sun hada da: lalacewar dan tayi a cikin mahaifar ta hanyar fitar da sinadarin radiation, sunadarai ko cututtuka, isar da wuri (haihuwar da ba a haifa ba), raunin haihuwa, cutar hypoxia, ciwon kai mai tsanani, cututtukan baya da suka shafi tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya, rashin kula da tarbiyya a farkon shekarun rayuwar yaro (mafi yawan al'amuran da ke faruwa ga yaran da suka girma a cikin iyalai masu yanayin rashin tagomashi).
Rashin hankali a cikin yaro yana iya samun ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta.
Kwayar cututtukan oligophrenia
Suna da bambanci da yawa da yawa. Duk ya dogara da tsananin da kuma dalilin cutar. Idan aka taƙaita dukkan alamun, za'a iya raba su zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi 2.
- 1 hauka yana shafar ba kawai tsarin fahimi ba, har ma da ci gaban yaro a matsayin mutum gaba ɗaya. Wato, irin wannan yaron yana da raunin motsin rai, tsinkaye, ƙwarewar motsa jiki, hankali, iya tunani, magana da so, rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ƙila za a iya keɓancewa, misali: wasu oligophrenics suna tuna lambobi da kyau - lambobin waya, kwanakin ko sunayen farko da na ƙarshe. );
- 2 mutum oligophrenic bashi da ikon yin kungiya da kuma iyakancewa, babu wani tunani mai ratsa jiki, yana da girma, da kankare.
Maganar mai haƙuri ba ta da ilimi, mara kyau a cikin maganganu da kalmomi, babu wani yunƙuri, babu ainihin ra'ayi game da abubuwa, galibi suna cikin tashin hankali, ba za su iya magance al'amuran yau da kullun ba. A lokacin yarinta, kusan dukkan yara suna fama da fitsarin kwance. Hakanan ana lura da lahani a cikin ci gaban jiki.
Duk bayyanuwa sun dogara ne da tsananin cutar.
Samfura masu amfani don oligophrenia
Don haɓaka metabolism na kwakwalwa, marasa lafiya da oligophrenia suna buƙatar cin ƙarin abinci mai ɗauke da bitamin B. Mayar da hankali kan kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, jita -jita iri -iri daga gare su (juices, mashed dankali, jelly).
Mata masu ciki suna buƙatar isasshen abinci mai gina jiki tare da shan dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata na macro- da microelements, gishirin ma'adinai, sunadarai, carbohydrates da bitamin. Ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki zai taimaka wajen kawar da yiwuwar haihuwar jariri wanda bai isa haihuwa ba kuma, saboda kyakkyawar rigakafi, rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka cikin jiki.
Maganin gargajiya don oligophrenia
Tare da oligophrenia, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun ba da umarnin magani da ake buƙata dangane da sakamakon bincike, abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar. Nootropics, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, kwayoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da iodine ko hormones (idan oligophrenia yana da alaƙa da rashin aiki a cikin glandar thyroid) ko kuma tsarin abinci kawai don phenylpyruvic oligophrenia za a iya ba shi.
Maimakon magungunan nootropic, maganin gargajiya ya tanadi amfani da ruwan lemo, ginseng da ruwan aloe. Kafin fara shan su, yana da mahimmanci ku tuntubi likitan ku. In ba haka ba, tare da kashi mara kyau da amfani, mai haƙuri na iya fuskantar tabin hankali ko tashin hankali da fushi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan tsire -tsire suna kunna aikin kwakwalwa.
Haɗari da samfuran cutarwa tare da oligophrenia
Tare da phenylpyruvic oligophrenia (phenylalanine metabolism yana da rauni), an cire marasa lafiya daga abinci na furotin na halitta (wannan ya haɗa da kayan dabba: kifi, abincin teku, nama, ciki har da madara). Wannan saboda waɗannan abincin sun ƙunshi phenylalanine. Dole ne a bi wannan abincin aƙalla har zuwa samartaka.
Ga kowane nau'in oligophrenia, ya zama dole a ware cin duk abincin da ba mai rai ba. Yana mummunan tasiri ga dukkan ayyukan jiki, wanda ke sa iyaye zama mawuyaci kuma yana haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya marasa mahimmanci. Abubuwan ƙari a cikin abinci mara ƙoshin lafiya suna jinkirta duk hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa, suna kaɗa jini, wanda ke haifar da daskarewar jini da kuma rikitar da zirga-zirgar jini (wannan yana da haɗari musamman ga kwararar jini zuwa da daga kwakwalwa).
Hankali!
Gwamnati ba ta da alhakin kowane yunƙuri na amfani da bayanin da aka bayar, kuma ba ta da tabbacin cewa ba zai cutar da kai da kanka ba. Ba za a iya amfani da kayan don wajabta magani da yin ganewar asali ba. Koyaushe tuntuɓi likitan ku!