Microcephaly yana da halin haɓakar kewayen cranial, lokacin haihuwa, ƙasa da al'ada. Yaran da aka haifa tare da microcephaly yawanci suna da ƙananan girman kwakwalwa, wanda saboda haka ba zai iya ci gaba da kyau ba. (1)

Yaduwar cutar (yawan lokuta a cikin adadin jama'a a wani lokaci) shine, har yau, har yanzu ba a san shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, an nuna cewa cutar ta kasance, a mafi yawan lokuta, a Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya tare da abin da ya faru na 1/1 a kowace shekara. (000)

Microcephaly wani yanayi ne da aka ayyana shi da girman kan jaririn wanda ya fi na al'ada. A lokacin daukar ciki, kan yaron yana girma kullum godiya ga ci gaban kwakwalwa. Sannan wannan cuta na iya tasowa a lokacin da take da juna biyu, ko lokacin rashin ci gaban kwakwalwar yaro, ko kuma a lokacin haihuwa, lokacin da ci gabanta ya tsaya kwatsam. Microcephaly na iya zama sakamakon da kansa, ba tare da yaron ya gabatar da wasu abubuwan da ba a saba ba ko kuma yana da alaƙa da wasu nakasar da ake iya gani a lokacin haihuwa. (1)

Akwai nau'in cutar mai tsanani. Wannan nau'i mai mahimmanci yana fitowa ne sakamakon rashin haɓakar haɓakar kwakwalwa a lokacin daukar ciki ko lokacin haihuwa.

Don haka microcephaly na iya kasancewa a lokacin haihuwar yaro ko haɓaka a cikin farkon watanni bayan haihuwa. Wannan cuta sau da yawa shi ne sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta da ke shiga tsakani ga ci gaban kwakwalwar kwakwalwa a cikin watanni na farko na ci gaban tayin. Har ila yau, wannan Pathology na iya zama sakamakon shan kwayoyi ko barasa a cikin uwa, yayin da take ciki. Cutar cututtuka na mahaifa tare da cytomegalovirus, rubella, chickenpox, da dai sauransu na iya zama tushen cutar.

Dangane da kamuwa da cutar Zika ga iyaye mata, ana iya ganin yaduwar cutar a cikin kyallen jikin yaron da ke haifar da mutuwar kwakwalwa. A cikin wannan mahallin, yawanci ana danganta lalacewar koda da kamuwa da cutar Zika.

Sakamakon cutar ya dogara ne akan tsananinta. Lallai, yara masu tasowa na microcephaly na iya gabatar da nakasu a cikin haɓakar fahimi, jinkirin ayyukan motsa jiki, matsalolin harshe, ɗan gajeren gini, haɓakawa, tashin hankali, rashin daidaituwa ko ma da sauran cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiya. (2)

Microcephaly yana da girman girman kai wanda ya fi na al'ada. Wannan al'adar ita ce sakamakon raguwar haɓakar haɓakar kwakwalwa yayin lokacin tayin ko bayan haihuwa.

Yaran da aka haifa tare da microcephaly na iya samun adadin bayyanar cututtuka. Waɗannan sun dogara kai tsaye da tsananin cutar kuma sun haɗa da: (1)

- ciwon farfadiya;

- jinkirta ci gaban tunanin yaron, a cikin magana, a cikin tafiya, da dai sauransu;

- nakasa ta hankali (raguwar iyawar koyo da jinkiri a ayyuka masu mahimmanci);

- matsalolin rashin daidaituwa;

- matsalolin haɗiye;

- asarar ji;

– matsalolin ido.

Wadannan alamomi daban-daban na iya bambanta daga m zuwa mai tsanani a duk tsawon rayuwar batun.

Microcephaly yawanci shine sakamakon jinkirin ci gaban kwakwalwar yaro, yana haifar da kewayen kai ya zama ƙasa da na al'ada. Daga ra'ayi inda ci gaban kwakwalwa ke da tasiri a lokacin daukar ciki da yara, microcephaly na iya tasowa a cikin waɗannan lokuta biyu na rayuwa.

Masana kimiyya sun gabatar da asali daban-daban na cutar. Daga cikin wadannan akwai wasu cututtuka a lokacin daukar ciki, nakasar kwayoyin halitta ko ma rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Bugu da kari, wasu daga cikin cututtukan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna da hannu wajen haɓakar microcephaly:

- ciwo na Cornelia de Lange;

- kukan cat ciwo;

- Ciwon daji na Down;

- Rubinstein - Taybi ciwo;

- Ciwon daji na Seckel;

– Smith-Lemli- Opitz ciwo;

trisomy 18;

- Cutar Down.

Sauran asalin cutar sun hada da: (3)

phenylketonuria (PKU) wanda ba a sarrafa shi a cikin uwa (sakamakon rashin daidaituwa na phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), yana haɓaka samar da phenylalanine na plasma da kuma samun sakamako mai guba akan kwakwalwa);

- gubar methylmercury;

- nakasar rubella;

- toxoplasmosis na ciki;

- kamuwa da cuta tare da nakasar cytomegalovirus (CMV);

- amfani da wasu magunguna yayin daukar ciki, musamman barasa da phenytoin.

An kuma nuna kamuwa da ciwon mahaifa da cutar Zika shine sanadin ci gaban microcephaly a cikin yara. (1)

Abubuwan haɗari masu alaƙa da microcephaly don haka sun haɗa da saitin cututtukan mahaifa, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko na gado ko a'a, phenylketonuria marar sarrafawa a cikin uwa, fallasa ga wasu sinadarai (kamar methylmercury), da sauransu.

Ana iya yin ganewar asali na microcephaly a lokacin daukar ciki ko dama bayan haihuwar yaro.

A lokacin daukar ciki, duban dan tayi na iya gano yiwuwar kasancewar cutar. Ana yin wannan gwajin gabaɗaya a cikin uku na biyu na ciki ko ma a farkon trimita na uku.

Bayan haihuwar jariri, na'urorin kiwon lafiya suna auna matsakaicin girman dawafin jaririn (dawafin kai). Ana kwatanta ma'aunin da aka samu sannan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin jama'a a matsayin aikin shekaru da jima'i. Ana yin wannan gwajin bayan haihuwa aƙalla awanni 24 bayan haihuwa. Wannan lokaci ya sa ya yiwu a tabbatar da daidai sake samuwar kwanyar, matsa a lokacin haihuwa.

Idan ana zargin kasancewar microcephaly, wasu ƙarin gwaje-gwajen suna yiwuwa a tabbatar ko a'a ganewar asali. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, musamman, na'urar daukar hotan takardu, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Hoton), da sauransu.

Maganin cutar ya kara tsawon rayuwar batun. A halin yanzu, ba a samar da maganin warkewa ba.

Tunda tsananin cutar ya sha bamban da yaro zuwa wani, jariran da siffarsu ba ta da kyau ba za su sami wata alama ba face takaitacciyar kewayen kai. Wadannan lokuta na cutar saboda haka za a kula da su sosai a lokacin haɓakar yaro.

A cikin yanayin cututtukan da suka fi tsanani, yara, a wannan lokaci, suna buƙatar jiyya da ke ba da damar yin yaki da matsalolin da ke kewaye. Akwai hanyoyin warkewa don haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙarfin hankali da na zahiri na waɗannan yara. Hakanan ana iya ba da magunguna don hana kamuwa da cuta da sauran alamun bayyanar asibiti. (1)

Hasashen cutar gabaɗaya yana da kyau amma ya dogara sosai akan tsananin cutar. (4)