Tun daga balaga har zuwa haila, ƙwai ya kasance wurin ayyukan lokaci -lokaci. Mataki na farko na wannan yanayin haila, lokacin follicular ya yi daidai da balaga na ƙwayar mahaifa wanda, a lokacin ovulation, zai fitar da wani kuzari da ke shirye don yin taki. Hormone guda biyu, LH da FSH, suna da mahimmanci don wannan lokacin follicular.

An haifi kowace ƙaramar yarinya tare da, a cikin ƙwai, ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗari huɗu waɗanda ake kira ƙananan halittu, kowannensu yana ɗauke da oocyte. Kowace kwanaki 28 ko makamancin haka, daga balaga zuwa haila, ana yin juyi na mahaifa tare da sakin ocylation - ovulation - ta ɗayan ɗayan ovaries biyu.

Wannan zagayowar haila ya ƙunshi matakai 3:

• lokacin follicular;
• zubar da ciki;
• lokaci na luteal, ko kuma lokaci na bayan haihuwa.

Tsarin follicular yana farawa a ranar farko ta haila kuma yana ƙare a lokacin ovulation, sabili da haka yana ɗaukar matsakaicin kwanaki 14 (sama da kwanaki 28). Ya yi daidai da lokacin balaga na follicular, lokacin da za a kunna wani adadin adadi na farko kuma fara balaga. Wannan folliculogenesis ya ƙunshi manyan matakai biyu:

• farkon ɗaukar ɗanyen ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ƙwayoyin cuta: wani adadi na tsoffin ƙwayoyin tsoka (kusan 25 dubu na milimita a diamita) za su girma har zuwa matakin manyan kumburi (ko anthrax);
• haɓakar ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun halittu zuwa ga ɓullar pre-ovulatory follicle: ɗaya daga cikin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen zai rabu da ƙungiyar kuma ya ci gaba da balaga, yayin da aka kawar da sauran. Wannan abin da ake kira rinjaye follicle zai kai matakin pre-ovulatory follicle, ko De Graaf follicle wanda, a lokacin ovulation, zai saki wani oocyte.

A lokacin juyi, mace ba ta jin wasu alamu na musamman, ban da farkon haila wanda ke nuna alamar fara sabon tsarin mahaifa don haka farkon lokacin follicular.

“Masu gudanarwa” na wannan zagayowar mahaifa daban -daban ne hormones da hypothalamus da pituitary gland suka ɓoye, gland biyu da ke gindin kwakwalwa.

• hypothalamus yana ɓoye neurohormone, GnRH (hormone sakin gonadotropin) wanda kuma ake kira LH-RH, wanda zai tayar da jijiyoyin ciki;
• a mayar da martani, pituitary gland yana ɓoye FSH, ko hormone follicular stimulating hormone, wanda zai kunna wasu adadin kumburin farko wanda daga nan zai shiga girma;
• wadannan follicles bi da bi suna fitar da sinadarin estrogen wanda zai yi kaurin rufin mahaifa domin shirya mahaifa don karbar kwan mai yiwuwa;
• lokacin da aka zaɓi babban follicle pre-ovulatory follicle, ɓarkewar isrogen yana ƙaruwa sosai, yana haifar da hauhawa a cikin LH (hormone luteinizing). A ƙarƙashin tasirin LH, tashin hankali na ruwa a cikin ɓarna yana ƙaruwa. A ƙarshe follicle ya karye ya sake sakin kumburinsa. Ovulation ne.

Ba tare da wani lokacin follicular ba, hakika babu ovulation. Wannan shi ake kira anovulation (babu ovulation) ko dysovulation (ovulation disorders), duka biyun suna haifar da rashin samar da oocyte mai iya haihuwa, sabili da haka rashin haihuwa. Yawancin dalilai na iya zama a asalin:

• matsala tare da pituitary ko hypothalamus (hypogonadism na “babban” asalin), wanda ke haifar da rashin isasshen ɓoyewar hormone. Yawan ɓoyayyen prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) shine sanadin wannan rashin aikin yi. Yana iya zama saboda adenoma na pituitary (ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta), zuwa shan wasu magunguna (neuroleptics, antidepressants, morphine…) ko wasu cututtukan gabaɗaya (gazawar koda, hyperthyroidism,…). Muhimmiyar damuwa, girgizawar motsin rai, asarar nauyi mai mahimmanci kuma na iya tsoma baki tare da aikin da ya dace na wannan yanayin hypathalamic-pituitary kuma yana haifar da anovulation mai wucewa;
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ko dystrophy na ovarian, shine sanadin rikicewar ovulation. Saboda tabarbarewa na hormonal, adadin mahaifa yana tarawa kuma babu ɗayansu da ke zuwa cikakken balaga.
• tabarbarewar mahaifa (ko hypogonadism na “ƙarancin” asali) na haihuwa (saboda rashin lafiyar chromosomal, ciwon Turner misali) ko samu (bin maganin jiyya ko tiyata);
• farkon menopause, tare da tsufa da wuri na ajiyar oocyte. Kwayoyin halitta ko na rigakafi na iya kasancewa a asalin wannan sabon abu.

A gaban anovulation ko dysovulation, ana iya ba da haƙuri ga ƙwaƙƙwaran mahaifa. Wannan magani yana kunshe da motsa ci gaban ɗayan ko fiye. Akwai ladabi daban -daban. Wasu suna yin amfani da citrate na clomiphene, wani antiestrogen da aka ɗauka ta bakin da ke yaudarar kwakwalwa zuwa tunanin matakin estradiol yayi ƙasa kaɗan, yana sa ya ɓoye FSH don tayar da jijiyoyin jini. Wasu suna amfani da gonadotropins, shirye -shiryen allurar da ke ɗauke da FSH da / ko LH waɗanda za su goyi bayan balaga na ɓarna. A cikin duka biyun, a cikin ladabi, ana bin mai haƙuri a kai a kai tare da saka idanu gami da gwajin jini don auna matakan hormone da duban dan tayi don sarrafa lamba da ci gaban ƙwayoyin. Da zarar an shirya waɗannan ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun halittu, allura ta haifar da allurar HCG.