Occiput yana haifar da bayan kai, shine sashi na baya da ƙananan sashi na tsakiya. Yana samar da wani ɓangaren kashin kashin baya, kashi wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasusuwan takwas da ke haɗe da kwanyar kuma, an haɗa shi da saman kashin baya, yana ba da damar musamman don motsa kai daga ƙasa zuwa sama, kuma yana shiga cikin goyon bayan kai godiya ga ligaments, kazalika da kariyar kwakwalwa. A zahiri, shi ne ɓangaren ɓarna na kwanyar zuwa waje. Zai iya, kamar sauran kasusuwa na jiki, cututtukan cututtukan kashi, ciwace -ciwacen da raunuka musamman, waɗanda galibi ana kulawa ko magani.

Occiput yana cikin sashin baya na kai, zuwa ga baya: shi ne ɓoyayyen ɓangaren kwanyar. Wani yanki ne na kashin occipital, wannan kashin yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasusuwan takwas da ke haɗe da kwanyar.

A zahiri, occiput shine ɓangaren kwanyar da yayi daidai da yankin inion da kuma a tsaye na sikelin ƙashin ƙugu. Inion shine maƙasudi wanda yake a haɗe da layin wuyan (wanda ake kira layin nuchal, inda ake saka tsokoki) babba dama da hagu, a gindin ɓacin hancin waje, wato ɓangaren kwanyar da ke 'mikawa baya.

Occiput ya kasance mai zagaye, ovoid a siffar. Ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu, wanda occiput ɗin yake, yana yin gindin kwanyar a gefen wuyan, kuma ya haɗa da rami a tsakiyarsa wanda ke ba da damar farkon kashin baya ya ratsa, inda ake saka kashin baya.

An yi shi da kayan kashi, kashin occipital ya ƙunshi:

• a tsakiyarta: foramen magnum, wanda shine babban buɗaɗɗen da ke cikin ƙashin ƙashi, inda aka saka kashin kashin baya;
• a kusa da shi, sutura, waɗanda ke haɗa ƙashin ƙugu zuwa sauran ƙasusuwan kwanyar da ke kusa da shi: ana kiran su suturar lambdoid; suna haɗa wannan ƙashin ƙugu zuwa ga ƙasusuwa na ɗan lokaci da ƙasusuwa na parietal. Bugu da kari, kashin occipital kuma yana hade da kashin sphenoid, ginshikin gindin kwanyar saboda yana bayyana ga duk kashin kwanyar kuma ya rike su a wurin, da kuma atlas, farkon kashin kashin kashin baya;
• ƙananan shimfiɗar shimfiɗa, waɗanda ke kwance a kowane gefen girman girman foramen. Waɗannan fannonin da ake kira occipital condyles, waɗannan shimfidu suna yin magana tare da vertebra na farko na mahaifa, wanda ake kira atlas, don haka suna ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa wanda ke ba da damar motsa kai sama da ƙasa, a matsayin alamar yarda; 
• canal na jijiyar hypoglossal (watau, yana ƙarƙashin harshe) yana cikin ƙasan kwanyar, yana can sama da kwandon occipital.
• layukan nuchal (na wuya), babba da na baya, suna ba da damar shigar tsokoki.

Taimakon kai

Occiput yana taimakawa goyan bayan kai. Wannan taimakon yana yiwuwa ta hanyar babban ligament, fibrous da na roba: yana ƙaruwa daga fitowar waje na occiput zuwa kashin mahaifa na bakwai.

Kariyar kwakwalwa

Kasancewa cikin kasusuwan da ke haɗe da kwanyar, occiput yana shiga cikin kariya ta kwakwalwa, ko encephalon, wanda ke cikin waɗannan ƙasusuwan kwanyar.

Manyan nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan kashi uku na iya shafar occiput, waɗannan sune raunuka, ciwace -ciwace, ko cutar Paget:

Raunin raunuka yayin girgiza

Kamar sauran kasusuwa a cikin jiki, occiput na iya lalacewa, yayin rauni da faɗuwa, wanda zai iya ko ba zai kai ga kwakwalwa ba. Waɗannan su ne fasa idan tasirin ya yi kaɗan, da karaya lokacin da tasirin ya fi girma. Lokacin da kwakwalwa ta shafi, zai zama rauni na kwakwalwa, wanda zai iya samun matsakaicin sakamako, kuma wani lokacin mai tsanani. Galibin raunin da ake samu a kawunansu sanadiyyar hatsarin mota ne ke haddasa su. A rigakafin, kwalkwali yana da mahimmanci, musamman akan babur ko keke.

Ciwon ciki

Daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan da zasu iya shafar kasusuwa, akwai ciwukan ƙashi, gami da spheno-occipital chordoma (ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta farko, mai saurin girma, amma mai mamayewa a cikin gida, kuma wanda metastases ɗin su ba safai ba kuma sun makara). Kasancewar kasusuwa daga ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya zama ko dai guringuntsi ko asalin kashi.

Cutar Paget

Cutar Paget, wani yanayin rashin lafiya wanda galibi ke shafar mutane sama da shekaru 50, yana da alaƙa da karuwar kashi. Don haka wannan cuta na iya bayyana azaman ƙara girman kwanyar. Bugu da kari, lalacewar kokon kai wani lokaci yana haifar da ciwon kai.

Maganin ciwon kai

• Dole ne a kula da cutar ta mahaifa da gaggawa ta sabis na neurosurgery. A matsayin mataki na farko, dole ne a farkar da mai haƙuri akai -akai don gano hematoma na bayan gida. A cikin gaggawa, likitan tiyata na iya yanke shawarar yin rami na ɗan lokaci. Wannan zai taimaka decompress kwakwalwa. Daga nan za a canja mai haƙuri zuwa wani yanayi na musamman.
• Ciwon kai zai iya, idan ya zama dole, daga baya, ya zama batun gyaran da aka saba, galibi a cibiyar gyara da gyara ta musamman.

Jiyya na ciwace-ciwacen daji

• Dangane da chordoma na spheno-occipital, magani ya dogara ne akan tiyata, watau cire ɓangaren ƙashi.
• Game da jiyya tare da tsire -tsire waɗanda za su iya yin aiki da ciwace -ciwacen daji: dangane da ƙarin abinci, mistletoe shine shuka da aka ba da shawarar sosai a maganin cutar kansa. Nazarin daban -daban suna nuna cewa cirewar mistletoe yana rage tasirin illa kuma yana inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, mistletoe yana taimakawa rage gajiya yayin gina ƙarfin haƙuri.

Koyaya, yi hattara da mummunan tasirin amfani da mistletoe na dogon lokaci akan sel fararen jini, ko lymphocytes T. Gaba ɗaya, duk wani magani tare da tsire -tsire dole ne ya kasance ƙarƙashin shawarar likita. A wannan yanayin, mistletoe na iya rage hawan jini, kuma yana hulɗa da magunguna don hauhawar jini da bugun zuciya.

Maganin cutar Paget

Mafi yawan lokuta, cutar Paget tana da sauƙi kuma tana tafiya a hankali. A cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan raɗaɗi, jiyya na iya haɗawa da bisphosphonates da analgesics, don yaƙar zafin.

Sakamakon ganewar larurar kasusuwa ya ta'allaka ne akan dabarun hoto, anatomo-pathology, wanda ke ba da damar musamman don tantance halayen ƙwayar cuta, musamman nau'in da aka ɗauka (wanda ake kira biopsy), ko nazarin biopsy na likita.

• Za a tabbatar da ganewar fashewa ko karaya ta hanyar hoton hoto, x-ray na kwanyar kai, da kuma CT scan, ko MRI (hoton hoton maganadisu) don ganin ko kwakwalwar ta shafi ko a'a.
• Ana iya gano ganewar ƙashin kashi ta hanyar X-ray amma kuma ta amfani da biopsy. Ciwon daji, kamar chordoma gabaɗaya yana tare da alamun ƙarshen (spheno-occipital chordoma gabaɗaya ana gano shi kusan shekaru 40, tare da jinkirin bincike na yau da kullun. Binciken CT yana ba da damar lura da ƙwayar osteolysis, amma kuma ƙididdigewa a cikin tarin MRI yana ba da damar don ganin girman ƙwayar, wanda yake da mahimmanci don gudanar da warkewa da hangen nesa na mai haƙuri.
• Za a gano ganewar cutar Paget ta hanyar gwajin jini, x-ray ko siyan kashi.