Occipital lobe (lobe - daga Girkanci lobos, occipital - daga tsakiyar Latin occipitalis, daga occiput) yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan kwakwalwa, wanda yake a gefe kuma a bayan kwakwalwa.

Matsayi. Occipital lobe yana a matakin kashin occipital, a gefe da ƙananan ɓangaren kwakwalwa. An raba shi da sauran lobes ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

• Sulcus occipito-lokaci ya raba shi da lobe na wucin gadi wanda yake a gaba.
• Tsagi na parieto-occipital yana raba shi daga lobe na parietal da ke sama da gaba.
• Tsagi na calcarin yana ƙarƙashin lobe na occipital.

Babban tsari. Occipital lobe yana daya daga cikin yankunan kwakwalwa. Na karshen shi ne bangaren da ya fi ci gaban kwakwalwa kuma ya mamaye mafi yawansa. Yana da nau'i-nau'i, wanda jikin tantanin halitta ya kasance a kan gefen kuma yana samar da kwayoyin launin toka. Ana kiran wannan waje na cortex. Ƙwayoyin waɗannan jikin, da ake kira zaruruwan jijiyoyi, suna cikin tsakiya kuma suna samar da fararen fata. Wannan saman na ciki ana kiransa yankin medullary (1) (2). Furrows masu yawa, ko tsagewa lokacin da suka yi zurfi, suna bambanta wurare daban-daban a cikin kwakwalwa. Tsayin tsayin daka na kwakwalwa yana ba da damar a raba shi gida biyu, hagu da dama. Wadannan hemispheres suna haɗuwa da juna ta hanyar commissures, babban ɗayan su shine corpus callosum. Sannan ana raba kowace hemisphere, ta hanyar sulcus na farko, zuwa lobes guda huɗu: lobe na gaba, lobe na parietal, lobe na ɗan lokaci da lobe na occipital (2) (3).

Tsarin du lobe occipital. Lobe na occipital yana da tsagi na sakandare da na uku, wanda ke ba da damar yin juyin juya hali da ake kira gyri.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta tana da alaƙa da ayyukan tunani, ayyukan masu hankali, kazalika da asali da sarrafa ƙuntataccen ƙwayar tsoka. An rarraba waɗannan ayyuka daban -daban a cikin lobes daban -daban na kwakwalwa (1).

Aiki na occipital lobe. Lobe occipital da gaske yana da ayyukan somatosensory. Ya ƙunshi tsakiyar hangen nesa (2) (3).

Daga cikin degenerative, jijiyoyin jini ko asalin ƙwayar cuta, wasu cututtukan cututtuka na iya haɓakawa a cikin lobe na occipital kuma suna shafar tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.

Dama. Hatsarin jijiyoyin jini, ko bugun jini, yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka toshe magudanar jini a cikin kwakwalwa, kamar gudan jini ko fashewar jirgin ruwa (4). Wannan ilimin cututtuka na iya tasiri ayyuka na lobe occipital.

Tashin rauni. Ya dace da girgiza a matakin kwanyar wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa, musamman a matakin lobe na occipital. (5)

Multiple sclerosis. Wannan Pathology cuta ce ta autoimmune na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya. Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga myelin, kumfa da ke kewaye da zaruruwan jijiya, yana haifar da halayen kumburi. (6)

Tumor na occipital lobe. Ciwace-ciwacen ciwace ko ciwace-ciwace na iya tasowa a cikin kwakwalwa, musamman a cikin lobe na occipital. (7)

Magungunan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki. Wasu cututtukan cututtukan na iya haifar da canje -canje a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya a cikin kwakwalwa.

• Cutar Alzheimer. Yana haifar da canje -canje na ikon tunani tare da asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko tunani. (8)
• Cutar Parkinson. An bayyana ta musamman ta hanyar rawar jiki yayin hutawa, raguwa da raguwa cikin kewayon motsi. (9)

Magungunan ƙwayoyi. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da wasu jiyya kamar su magungunan kumburi.

Thrombolyse. Anyi amfani dashi lokacin shanyewar jiki, wannan jiyya ya ƙunshi rushewar thrombi, ko ƙin jini, tare da taimakon magunguna. (4)

Magungunan tiyata. Dangane da nau'in cutar da aka gano, ana iya yin tiyata.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, far da aka yi niyya. Dangane da mataki na ƙari, ana iya aiwatar da waɗannan jiyya.

Nazarin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin asibiti don lura da tantance alamun da mai haƙuri ya gane.

Gwajin hoton likita. Domin tabbatarwa ko tabbatar da ganewar asali, ana iya yin na'ura mai kwakwalwa da na kashin baya CT scan ko MRI na kwakwalwa.

biopsy. Wannan jarrabawar ta ƙunshi samfurin sel.

Lumbar dam. Wannan jarrabawar tana ba da damar nazarin ruwan cerebrospinal.

Louis Pierre Gratiolet, masanin ilimin halittar Faransa na karni na 19, yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya fara gabatar da ka'idar rarraba cortex zuwa lobes.