Karkade

Hibiscus babban abin sha ne na ganyen shayi na burgundy wanda aka yi daga busassun busassun furannin fure na Sudan daga zuriyar Hibiscus. Sauran sunayen: "mallow of Venice", "kandahar", "shan na fir'auna", kenaf, okra.

Hibiscus shine abin sha na ƙasar Masar, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami. Ƙasar mahaifar Kandahar ita ce Indiya, ana girma akan sikelin masana'antu a Thailand, China, da yankuna masu zafi na Amurka. Hibiscus ya sami babbar shahara a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa. Ban da kashe ƙishirwa, ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan jama'a a matsayin "maganin dukkan cututtuka."

An yi imani da cewa abubuwan da ke ba da launin ja ga shuka (anthocyanins) suna nuna ayyukan P-bitamin, suna daidaita yanayin bangon jijiyoyin jini. A decoction na hibiscus yana da antipyretic, diuretic, antispasmodic Properties, ya ƙunshi antioxidants cewa kare jiki daga hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da kuma rage rage tsufa tsarin.

Abin sha'awa shine, ana daukar shayi a matsayin abin sha da ya fi shahara a duniya, sai kuma giya. Ana amfani da launin ja na hibiscus a cikin masana'antar abinci don ƙirƙirar rini na halitta.

Bayanan tarihi

Hibiscus tsire-tsire ne wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, an kawo tsaba daga Indiya zuwa Malaysia da Afirka, sannan Brazil, Jamaica.

A cikin 1892, an buɗe masana'antu 2 a Queensland (Australia) don samar da albarkatun shayi. A cikin 1895, an fara aikin gona na hibiscus na farko a California. Kuma a cikin 1904, an fara noman gonaki na masana'antu a Hawaii.

Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 1960, an dauki hibiscus a matsayin babban shuka mai daraja da aka noma a cikin bayan gida masu zaman kansu a cikin Midwest. A cikin XNUMX, wata mahaukaciyar guguwa mai karfi ta "tafiya" a cikin jihohin kudancin Amurka, wanda ya lalata amfanin gonakin shuka. Da wannan, zamanin noman hibiscus a Amurka akan sikelin masana'antu ya ƙare.

Dabaru iri-iri

Daga 1920 zuwa yau, an bambanta manyan nau'ikan hibiscus guda biyu:

1. "Rosella". Wannan nau'in fure na Sudan yana girma a Indiya. Abin sha mai haske mai haske yana kashe ƙishirwa da sauri, yana nuna daidai dandano a cikin yanayin zafi da sanyi, wanda aka gano bayanan 'ya'yan itace a fili.
2. "Hibiscus subdarifa". An ƙera shi don haɓaka ɗanɗanon haɗin shayi. Ana yin irin wannan nau'in hibiscus a cikin tsaftataccen tsari, ana amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen abu mai zaman kansa ko kuma ƙara shi azaman filler ga 'ya'yan itace, fure, koren shayi ko baƙi. Ana noma shi a Masar da Sudan.

Bugu da ƙari, ana bambanta nau'ikan hibiscus masu zuwa, waɗanda ke girma kawai a cikin Philippines:

1. "Riko". Wannan shine nau'in da aka fi sani da shi, ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar abinci. Abubuwan ban sha'awa na iri-iri sune manyan inflorescences da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
2. "Victor". Wannan nau'in tsire-tsire ne mai ɗanɗano fiye da 'Rico' kuma yana da ƙarancin inflorescences kowane tushe fiye da wanda ya riga shi.
3. "Maharba" ko "fararen zobo". Siffar sifa ta nau'in nau'in ita ce ƙaramin adadin ja, wanda shine abin da "Rico" da "Victor" suke da shi. Saboda haka, tushen 'Archer' suna da haske kore, tauri da fibrous. Makullin da furannin furanni masu launin rawaya ne ko launin kore. Adadin inflorescences a cikin farin zobo ya ninka sau 2 fiye da na baya iri. Abin sha'awa shine, ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in hibiscus sau da yawa a cikin abinci, masana'antun bast fiye da yin shayi. Duk sassan shuka suna cin abinci kuma ana ƙara su zuwa salads. Tea da aka yi daga maharba a bayyane yake, tare da launin rawaya-kore mai haske.

Hibiscus yana son danshi, mai kula da sanyi. Wurare mafi kyau don noman shuka sune yankuna masu zafi, yankuna masu zafi tare da ruwan sama na 70 - 80%, tare da tsayin sama da mita 900 sama da matakin teku. Samun tsarin deciduous mai ƙarfi, hibiscus yana buƙatar ban ruwa akai-akai a cikin yanayin ƙarancin zafi.

Yawan amfanin shuka ya dogara da ƙasa don noma, ya fi dacewa ya zama mai kyau. Duk da haka, zaku iya dasa hibiscus akan dutsen farar ƙasa mai lalacewa ko yashi mai yashi, inda shima ya ɗauki tushe sosai. A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, tsire-tsire yana girma tare da marasa fure, rassan mai tushe kuma ya ɓace.

Hanyar yaduwa: tsaba ko cuttings.

Amfanin abinci

A cikin dafa abinci, ana amfani da rumbun shuka, ana raba capsule iri da petals na furanni daga gare su. A cikin wannan nau'i, kofin furen hibiscus yana shirye don amfani a abinci. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana shirya jita-jita daban-daban daga hibiscus. A Afirka, ana amfani da kofuna na furanni da gyada da aka daka don yin jita-jita a gefe, miya ko ƙoshi.

Ana yanka furannin furanni da sabbin magudanan ruwa, ana ratsa su ta cikin injin nama da sieve, ana amfani da su don yin chutney, jelly, syrup ko jam. Don yin laushi, haɓaka ƙamshi da dandano, ana zubar da yawan furanni tare da ruwan zãfi na minti 20.

A cikin masana'antar kayan abinci ta Pakistan, hibiscus yana zama tushen pectin da ake ci, wanda ke da kaddarorin ɗaure. Ana amfani da shi don yin jelly-kamar jiyya. Wato, miya don salatin 'ya'yan itace, icing don kek, pudding. Jelly-kamar biredi da syrups suna da yawa a cikin waffles, ice cream, gingerbread da pancakes.

A cikin Latin Amurka da Yammacin Indiya, ana darajar hibiscus a matsayin tushen shirya abubuwan sha masu daɗi, waɗanda ake rarraba su a cikin kwalabe, kwalabe, da tulun da aka haɗe. A Misira, suna sha a lokacin rani tare da kankara, a Mexico - a cikin hunturu zafi. A Yammacin Afirka, ana amfani da rumbun hibiscus da inflorescences don yin jan giya.

Abin sha'awa shine, a Jamaica, ana yin abin sha na gargajiya don Kirsimeti akan tushen hibiscus. Don shirya abin sha mai ban sha'awa, busassun hibiscus mai busassun ana zuba shi na yini ɗaya a cikin jug na ƙasa tare da sukari, ginger, da ruwan zãfi. Ana ƙara rum a cikin abin sha kafin a sha. Sha a sanyaye.

A yammacin Afirka, ana amfani da ciyawar hibiscus mai tushe da ganye don shirya salatin tare da ƙara nama ko kifi, ganyaye da kayan lambu. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da gasasshen tsaba na shuka azaman madadin kofi na halitta.

Chemical abun da ke ciki

100 grams na busassun albarkatun kasa daga rumbun hibiscus ya ƙunshi:

• ruwa - 9,2 g;
• kayan lambu fibers - 12,0 g;
• mai - 2,31 grams;
• sunadarai - 1,145 grams.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da bitamin da ma'adinai na furannin fure na Sudan suna wakilta da abubuwan gina jiki masu zuwa:

• alli - 1263 milligrams;
• phosphorus - 273,3 milligrams;
• baƙin ƙarfe - 8,98 milligrams;
• ascorbic acid (C) - 6,7 milligrams;
• nicotinic acid (PP) - 3,77 milligrams;
• riboflavin (B2) - 0,277 milligrams;
• thiamine (B1) - 0,117 milligrams;
• carotene (A) - 0,029 milligrams.

Vitamins da mahadi ma'adinai suna da hannu a cikin yanayin halayen biochemical, tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiwatar da hanyoyin ilimin lissafi.

Matsakaicin makamashi B: W : U shine 24% : 0% : 48%.

Har ila yau, hibiscus ya hada da:

1. Anthocyanins. Suna nuna Properties na antitumor, rushe lipids, ƙarfafa ganuwar tasoshin jini, da daidaita karfin su.
2. Organic acid (tartaric, citric, malic). Suna da disinfectant, bactericidal mataki, taimaka kumburi, ƙarfafa jiki ta rigakafi m.
3. Antioxidants. Suna kawar da yanayin zafin jiki, suna nuna kayan antispasmodic, yaƙar kumburi.
4. Polysaccharides. Kula da ƙarfin ganuwar tantanin halitta, yin aiki a matsayin mai samar da makamashi, inganta gyaran nama.
5. Flavonoids. Hana raunuka sclerotic, inganta elasticity na jini.
6. Pectins. Adsorb abubuwa masu cutarwa, daidaita ayyukan ciki, inganta tsaftacewa.

Abubuwa masu amfani da cutarwa

Ana amfani da infusions daga kofuna na furanni da ganyen hibiscus a cikin jama'a, maganin gargajiya a Indiya, Afirka da Mexico azaman antipyretic, hypotensive, diuretic da choleretic wakili. Suna rage dankowar jini, suna motsa motsin hanji. Bugu da kari, a kimiyyance an tabbatar da anthelmintic, antibacterial, hypotensive da antispasmodic Properties na abin shan shayi.

A Guatemala, ana amfani da furanni da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga furen Sudan don yaƙar ragi. A Gabashin Afirka, haɗe da molasses, barkono da gishiri, tare da tari.

A Indiya, ana amfani da decoction na tsaba hibiscus azaman diuretic da astringent. A Brazil, ana tafasa saiwar hibiscus, kuma mazauna wurin suna wanke bakinsu da maganin da aka samu maimakon goge hakora da dare.

Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da ciki, ana amfani da ganyen shuka a waje, suna zafi da kuma amfani da su zuwa wuraren da ke da matsala na fata (tare da purulent samuwar, raunuka). Suna taimakawa wajen warkar da cututtuka na trophic.

Kaddarorin magani na kandahar:

1. Yana tsayayya da ci gaban cututtuka, kwayoyin cuta, suna aiki a matsayin kwayoyin halitta na halitta.
2. Yana inganta samar da bile.
3. Yana kawar da kumburi, yana kawar da ruwa mai yawa, yana kawar da scurvy (petioles da tsaba).
4. Yana kwantar da tsarin juyayi, yana daidaita stool (tushen).
5. Yana daidaita al'ada a cikin mata ta hanyar sauke spasms daga santsin tsokoki na mahaifa (ruwa).
6. Fi dacewa yana shafar hanta da koda (wanda aka cire daga furanni).
7. Yana daidaita hawan jini (decoction).
8. Yana ƙarfafa haɓakar gashi.
9. Yana wanke jiki (yana kawar da samfurori na rayuwa marasa amfani, ƙananan karafa, gubobi, abubuwan da ba su da oxidized, ragowar abinci maras amfani).
10. Yana kawar da ciwon ciki.
11. Yana rage matakan cholesterol, yana ƙarfafa zuciya.
12. Yana hana girma na m neoplasms.
13. Yana kawar da illolin barasa na jiki.
14. Accelerates metabolism, stimulates mai kona.
15. Yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana kunna aikin kwakwalwa.

Ana amfani da petals na Hibiscus a cikin masana'antar kayan kwalliya don samar da turare, samfuran kula da fata masu tsufa, kumfa na wanka, shamfu.

Liquid tsantsa daga sabo ne furanni da ganyen Sudan fure ya hana ci gaban staphylococcus iri, yana da antibacterial aiki a kan bacilli, kashe cutarwa na hanji microorganisms, yayin da rike m microflora.

Ana amfani da tasirin anti-mai kumburi na hibiscus a cikin magani don lura da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na sama (bronchitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis) da tsarin urinary (cystitis).

Wani abin sha'awa, a kasar Sin, ana amfani da furannin fure na Sudan a matsayin hanyar daidaita yanayin jini, da hana samuwar jini a jiki.

Bugu da ƙari, abin sha mai zaki da mai tsami yana inganta yanayin gaba ɗaya, an nuna shi don:

• tashin hankali mai juyayi;
• asarar ci;
• gajiya na kullum;
• ƙara motsa jiki.

Don inganta launin fata, decoction na hibiscus yana daskarewa a cikin nau'i na cubes, wanda ya kamata a shafe kowace rana (safiya da maraice) a kan goshi, cheeks, hanci da chin. Kuma don rage yawan gashin gashi, sabon shayi mai shayarwa daga furanni hibiscus an kwantar da shi zuwa dakin da zafin jiki, an wanke shi da gashin gashi.

Yardajewa:

• ciwon ciki, gastritis;
• hali zuwa allergies;
• yara har zuwa shekara;
• lokacin lactation;
• exacerbation na cholelithiasis da urolithiasis;
• ƙara yawan acidity na ciki;
• rashin barci;
• rashin haƙuri na mutum.

Hibiscus ga zuciya

Masana kimiyyar Amurka sun gudanar da wani gwaji na bincike inda mutane 64 masu shekaru daban-daban da ke da cututtukan da ke da alaka da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini suka shiga. An raba mutane zuwa kungiyoyi daidai. Na farko an ba shi shayin ganyen hibiscus sau uku a rana tsawon watanni 1,5, dayan kuma an ba shi wuribo, wanda, a dandano da kuma kamanni, kama da ƙwayoyin asali na zamani. A ƙarshen gwajin, duk mahalarta sun kasance ƙarƙashin gwajin likita sosai.

Don haka, a cikin rukuni na farko, an rubuta raguwar matsa lamba ta 6-13%, a cikin na biyu - ta 1,3%. Masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa tasirin magani na shayi na furen hibiscus yana da alaƙa da abun ciki na flavonoids da phenolic acid (antioxidants), waɗanda ke haifar da shinge na halitta daga illolin free radicals. Godiya ga wannan dukiya, hibiscus yana rage haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan zuciya kamar bugun jini, arrhythmia, bugun zuciya.

Yayin gwajin, ba a gano wasu illolin ba. Babban yanayin shine kada a sha abin sha mai warkarwa a cikin komai a ciki, tun da broth ya ƙunshi yawancin acid na halitta.

Don inganta yanayin da daidaita matsa lamba, hibiscus ya kamata a cinye akai-akai, aƙalla kofuna 3 a kowace rana (250 milliliters kowanne) na makonni 6. In ba haka ba, ba za ku ji tasirinsa na gani a jiki ba.

Yadda ake amfani da hibiscus?

Don shirya abin sha na ganye, ana iya yin furannin hibiscus a cikin tsari mai tsabta ko kuma ana iya ƙara abubuwa daban-daban: guda na 'ya'yan itace, berries, cardamom, Mint, lemun tsami balm, zuma, vanilla ice cream, kirfa, ginger.

Mazaunan kasashe masu zafi suna murkushe ganyen furen Sudan ta Kudu suna kara su a cikin salatin kayan lambu, kuma suna amfani da tsaba azaman kayan yaji don darussan farko.

Hibiscus yana ƙara sabon dandano ga jelly, jam, da wuri, abubuwan sha.

Wani abin sha na ganye mai haske wanda aka yi zafi ko sanyi (tare da ko babu sukari). A cikin akwati na biyu, an zuba shi cikin gilashin, an yi masa ado da bambaro.

Yadda za a zabi?

Ingancin samfurin kai tsaye ya dogara da fasahar tattarawa, sarrafawa da adana albarkatun ƙasa. Lokacin siyan shayi, da farko, kula da launi na kenaf. Tare da bushewa mai kyau, furanni ya kamata su zama burgundy ko ja mai zurfi. Idan sun kasance duhu ko maras kyau, to, an cire danshi daga petals ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Hibiscus daga irin wannan albarkatun kasa zai zama maras amfani.

Ingancin abin sha yana shafar girman furannin hibiscus. Cushe a cikin jaka ko furen foda ana ɗaukar shayi na yau da kullun. Wannan samfurin ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano ne. Mafi mahimmanci kuma mai amfani shine abin sha da aka yi daga dukan petals na furen Sudan.

Bayan sayan, ana zuba hibiscus a cikin jita-jita na yumbu, an rufe shi da murfi sosai. Rayuwar rayuwar busassun furanni har zuwa shekara 1.

Abin sha'awa shine, furen hibiscus a tsibirin Hawaiian ana daukar su alama ce ta kyawawan mata, don haka wakilan kyawawan rabin 'yan adam sukan sanya shi a kan gashin gashin su.

Yadda za a dafa hibiscus?

Babban mahimman bayanai na yadda ake yin abin sha mai daɗi mai daɗi daga furanni hibiscus:

1. Furen hibiscus ya kamata ya zama cikakke, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, manyan sassa. Don samun abin sha mai daɗi, ba za ku iya amfani da ɗanyen kayan da aka niƙa su zama foda ba.
2. Don shayarwa, yana da kyau a ɗauki gilashin gilashi ko yumbu mai shayi.
3. Lokacin shirya abin sha, kula da waɗannan rabbai: 7,5 grams na hibiscus petals (1,5 teaspoons) da 200 milliliters na ruwa. Idan shayi ya yi ƙarfi sosai, rage adadin hibiscus zuwa gram 5.
4. Don yin wardi na Sudan, an haramta shi sosai don amfani da kayan ƙarfe, saboda yana canza dandano da launi na abin sha mai daraja.

Shayi na Hibiscus yana da kyaun wartsakewa a cikin yanayin zafi, cunkoso saboda abun ciki na citric acid a cikinsa.

Hanyoyin walda:

1. Sanya albarkatun kasa a cikin akwati mai enameled tare da ruwan zãfi, tafasa don minti 3 har sai ruwan ya zama ja mai haske, yana samun dandano mai laushi mai laushi. Amfanin wannan hanya shine samun wadataccen abin sha mai ƙarfi, rashin amfani shine lalata bitamin da sauran abubuwa masu amfani.
2. Sanya ganyen shayi a cikin kofi, zuba ruwan zafi, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya bambanta a cikin kewayon digiri 80 - 95. Tea ya nace 4 - 6 mintuna a ƙarƙashin rufaffiyar murfi. Abin sha da aka samu ta wannan hanyar yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan fiye da na baya, amma yana riƙe matsakaicin adadin abubuwan gina jiki.
3. Don shirya karkade mai sanyi, ana sanya petals hibiscus a cikin ruwan sanyi, wanda aka kawo a tafasa, an ƙara sukari, cire shi daga murhu, infused da sanyaya. Ku bauta wa da kankara.

Abin sha'awa, ana iya cinye furannin hibiscus mai tururi, sun ƙunshi yawancin amino acid, pectin, bitamin C.

Kammalawa

Hibiscus immunomodulator ne na halitta wanda ke nuna adsorbing, antispasmodic, diuretic, anthelmintic Properties. Itacen ya ƙunshi mahimman amino acid, anthocyanins, Organic acid, antioxidants, polysaccharides, flavonoids, pectins. Haka kuma alli, phosphorus, iron, bitamin A, B1, B2, C, PP.

Wurin ajiya da kofuna na hibiscus suna hana tsufa na jiki, kunna ayyukan kariya, kuma suna kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna daidaita aikin gani, inganta hasara mai nauyi, kawar da damuwa na tunanin mutum, bi da beriberi.

Ana ba da shawarar shuka don amfani da duka marasa lafiya masu hauhawar jini (lokacin sanyi) da marasa lafiya na hypotensive (zafi), kamar yadda yake daidaita hawan jini.

Ana iya sha Hibiscus zafi ko sanyi. Don haka, a lokacin rani zai kashe ƙishirwa, kuma a cikin hunturu zai taimaka wajen dumi, ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi. Abin sha shayi yana da tasiri ga maƙarƙashiya na yau da kullun, atony na babban hanji, atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini. Contraindicated a allergies, cholelithiasis da urolithiasis a lokacin exacerbation, gastrointestinal pathologies hade da erosive yanayi, ƙara acidity na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace.