A wannan watan Afrilu, dan kasuwa Tom Stucker ya yi tafiyar mil miliyan 18 (kusan kilomita miliyan 29) a cikin shekaru 14 da suka gabata. Wannan babban adadin lokaci ne a cikin iska.
Wataƙila ya ci abinci kusan 6500 a cikin jirgin, ya kalli dubban fina-finai, kuma ya ziyarci ɗakin wanka a cikin jirgin sama da sau 10. Ya kuma tara kashi na radiation wanda yayi daidai da rayuwar kirji 000. Amma menene haɗarin lafiyar irin wannan kashi na radiation?
Kuna iya tunanin cewa yawan adadin radiation na flyer ya fito ne daga wuraren binciken tsaro na filin jirgin sama, na'urori masu cikakken jiki, da na'urorin x-ray na hannu. Amma kun yi kuskure. Babban tushen hasarar hasken wuta daga balaguron iska shine jirgin da kansa. A mafi tsayi, iska ta zama siriri. Yayin da kuke tashi daga saman duniya, ƙananan ƙwayoyin iskar gas suna ƙunshe a sararin samaniya. Don haka, ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna nufin ƙarancin garkuwar yanayi, sabili da haka ƙarin fallasa ga radiation daga sararin samaniya.
'Yan sama jannati da ke tafiya a wajen sararin duniya suna samun mafi girman allurai na radiation. A haƙiƙa, tarin adadin radiation shine ƙayyadaddun abu don iyakar tsayin jiragen sama na mutum. Saboda dadewa a sararin samaniya, 'yan sama jannati na fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da cutar cataracts, ciwon daji da cututtukan zuciya bayan sun dawo gida. Irradiation babbar damuwa ce ga burin Elon Musk na mamaye duniyar Mars. Tsawon zama a duniyar Mars tare da yanayin yanayinsa mai yawa zai zama mai mutuƙar gaske saboda yawan allurai na radiation, duk da nasarar mulkin mallaka na duniya da Matt Damon ya yi a cikin fim ɗin The Martian.
Mu koma ga matafiyi. Menene jimlar adadin radiation na Stucker zai kasance kuma nawa lafiyarsa za ta sha wahala?
Duk ya dogara da tsawon lokacin da ya yi a cikin iska. Idan muka dauki matsakaicin saurin jirgin (mil 550 a kowace awa), to an yi tafiyar mil miliyan 18 a cikin sa'o'i 32, wato shekaru 727. Matsakaicin adadin radiation a daidaitaccen tsayi (ƙafa 3,7) kusan mil 35 ne a cikin sa'a guda (sivert shine naúrar tasiri da daidai adadin radiation ionizing wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don tantance haɗarin kansa).
Ta hanyar ninka adadin kashi ta sa'o'i na jirgin, zamu iya ganin cewa Stucker ya sami kansa ba kawai tikitin iska da yawa ba, har ma kusan 100 millisieverts na fallasa.
Haɗarin kiwon lafiya na farko a wannan matakin kashi shine ƙara haɗarin wasu cututtukan daji a nan gaba. Binciken da aka yi kan wadanda bam din atomic suka shafa da kuma marasa lafiya bayan maganin radiation ya ba wa masana kimiyya damar kimanta hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansa ga kowane nau'in radiation. Duk sauran abubuwa daidai suke, idan ƙananan allurai suna da matakan haɗari daidai da manyan allurai, to, ƙimar ciwon daji gabaɗaya na 0,005% a kowace millisievert ƙima ce mai ma'ana da aka saba amfani da ita. Don haka, kashi 100 millisievert na Stucker ya ƙaru haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa mai haɗari da kusan 0,5%.
Sai tambayar ta taso: Shin wannan babban matakin haɗari ne?
Yawancin mutane suna raina haɗarin mutuwa daga cutar kansa. Ko da yake ainihin adadin yana da muhawara, yana da kyau a ce kusan kashi 25% na dukan maza suna kashe rayuwarsu saboda ciwon daji. Haɗarin kansar Stucker daga radiation dole ne a ƙara shi cikin haɗarin sa na asali, don haka yana iya zama 25,5%. Ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na wannan girman ya yi ƙanƙanta da za a iya auna shi ta kowace hanya ta kimiyya, don haka ya kamata ya kasance karuwa a cikin haɗari.
Idan matafiya maza 200 za su tashi mil 18 kamar Stucker, muna iya tsammanin ɗayansu zai rage rayuwarsu saboda lokacin jirgin. Sauran mazaje 000 da wuya a yi musu lahani.
Amma yaya game da talakawan da suke tashi sau da yawa a shekara?
Idan kana son sanin haɗarin mutuwa daga radiation, kuna buƙatar kimanta duk mil ɗinku da kuka yi tafiya tsawon shekaru. Tsammanin cewa saurin, kashi da ƙimar haɗari da sigogin da aka bayar a sama don Stucker suma daidai ne a gare ku. Raba jimlar mil ɗin ku da 3 zai ba ku kusan damar kamuwa da cutar kansa daga jiragen ku.
Misali, kun yi tafiyar mil 370. Lokacin da aka raba, wannan yayi daidai da 000/1 damar haɓaka ciwon daji (ko haɓaka 10% cikin haɗari). Yawancin mutane ba sa tafiyar mil 000 a rayuwarsu, wanda yayi daidai da jirage 0,01 daga Los Angeles zuwa New York.
Don haka ga matsakaita matafiyi, haɗarin ya fi ƙasa da 0,01%. Don fahimtar "matsalar" ta cika, yi jerin duk fa'idodin da kuka samu daga jiragenku (yiwuwar balaguron kasuwanci, balaguron hutu, ziyarar dangi, da sauransu), sannan ku sake duba wannan 0,01, XNUMX%. Idan kuna tunanin fa'idodin ku ba su da yawa idan aka kwatanta da karuwar haɗarin ciwon daji, to kuna iya dakatar da tashi. Amma ga mutane da yawa a yau, tashi wajibi ne na rayuwa, kuma ƙaramin haɗarin haɗari yana da daraja.