Masanin ilimin halin dan Adam na Amurka Walter Cannon ne ya gabatar da kalmar "danniya" a cikin kimiyya. A cikin fahimtarsa, damuwa shine yanayin da jiki ke yi ga yanayin da ake fama da rayuwa. Ayyukan wannan amsa shine don taimakawa mutum ya kula da kansa daidai da yanayin waje. A cikin wannan fassarar, damuwa shine amsa mai kyau. Masanin ilimin likitancin Kanada kuma masanin ilimin endocrinologist Hans Selye ya sanya kalmar shahara a duniya. Da farko, ya bayyana shi a ƙarƙashin sunan "ciwon daidaitawa na yau da kullun", wanda manufarsa shine kunna jiki don fuskantar barazanar rayuwa da lafiya. Kuma a cikin wannan hanya, damuwa kuma shine amsa mai kyau.
A halin yanzu, a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam na gargajiya, an bambanta nau'ikan damuwa guda biyu: eustress da damuwa. Eustress shine amsawar jiki, wanda aka kunna duk tsarin jiki don daidaitawa da shawo kan matsaloli da barazana. Matsi ya riga ya zama yanayi lokacin da ikon daidaitawa ya raunana ko ma ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin matsi na nauyi. Yana fitar da gabobin jiki, yana raunana garkuwar jiki, sakamakon haka, mutum ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Don haka, nau'in nau'i ɗaya kawai shine damuwa na "mummunan", kuma yana tasowa ne kawai idan mutumin bai iya yin amfani da albarkatun danniya mai kyau ba don shawo kan matsaloli.
Abin takaici, rashin wayewar mutane ya zana ra'ayi na damuwa kawai a cikin launuka mara kyau. Bugu da ƙari, da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka kwatanta shi ta wannan hanya sun fito ne daga kyakkyawar niyya na gargadi game da haɗarin damuwa, amma ba su yi magana game da eustress ba. Misali, a Amurka, an gudanar da wani bincike da aka shafe shekaru takwas ana gudanar da shi, mutane dubu talatin ne suka shiga ciki. An tambayi kowane mahalarta: "Nawa ne damuwa da kuka jure a bara?" Sai suka yi tambaya ta biyu: "Shin kun yarda cewa damuwa yana da kyau a gare ku?". Kowace shekara, ana bincika mace-mace tsakanin mahalarta binciken. Sakamakon ya kasance kamar haka: a cikin mutanen da suka fuskanci damuwa mai yawa, yawan mace-mace ya karu da 43%, amma kawai a cikin wadanda suka yi la'akari da shi yana da haɗari ga lafiya. Kuma a cikin mutanen da suka fuskanci damuwa mai yawa kuma a lokaci guda ba su yi imani da hadarinsa ba, mace-mace ba ta karu ba. Kimanin mutane 182 ne suka mutu saboda tunanin damuwa na kashe su. Masu binciken sun kammala da cewa imanin mutane game da hatsarin mutuwa na damuwa ya kawo shi a matsayi na 15 da ke haddasa mutuwar mutane a Amurka.
Lallai abin da mutum yake ji a lokacin damuwa yana iya tsoratar da shi: bugun zuciya, yawan numfashi yana karuwa, saurin gani yana karuwa, ji da wari. Likitoci sun ce bugun zuciya da karancin numfashi da ke nuni da wuce gona da iri suna da illa ga lafiyar ku, sai dai ana lura da irin wannan yanayin a jikin dan adam, misali a lokacin inzali ko farin ciki mai yawa, amma duk da haka babu wanda ya dauki inzali a matsayin barazana. Jiki yana amsawa haka ne idan mutum ya nuna ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali. Mutane kaɗan ne ke bayyana dalilin da yasa jiki ke yin haka yayin damuwa. Suna kawai liƙa masa lakabin da ke cewa: “Mai lahani da haɗari.”
A gaskiya ma, ƙara yawan bugun zuciya da numfashi a lokacin damuwa ya zama dole don samar da isasshen iskar oxygen, tun da yake wajibi ne don hanzarta halayen jiki, alal misali, don gudu da sauri, don samun ƙarin jimiri - wannan shine yadda jiki yake. yana ƙoƙarin ceton ku daga mummunar barazana. Don wannan dalili, an inganta fahimtar gabobin ji.
Kuma idan mutum ya yi la'akari da damuwa a matsayin barazana, to, tare da saurin bugun zuciya, tasoshin sun kunkuntar - ana lura da irin yanayin zuciya da jini tare da ciwo a cikin zuciya, ciwon zuciya da kuma barazanar mutuwa ga rayuwa. Idan muka bi da shi a matsayin amsawa wanda ke taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin, to, tare da saurin bugun zuciya, tasoshin sun kasance a cikin yanayin al'ada. Jiki ya amince da hankali, kuma hankali ne ke ba da umarni ga jiki yadda zai amsa damuwa.
Damuwa yana haifar da sakin adrenaline da oxytocin. Adrenaline yana hanzarta bugun zuciya. Kuma aikin oxytocin ya fi ban sha'awa: yana sa ku zama masu zaman kansu. Ana kuma kiransa hormone cuddle saboda ana fitar dashi lokacin da kuke cuɗewa. Oxytocin yana ƙarfafa ku don ƙarfafa dangantaka, yana sa ku tausayawa da tallafawa mutanen da ke kusa da ku. Yana ƙarfafa mu mu nemi tallafi, raba gogewa, da taimaka wa wasu. Juyin halitta ya aza mana aikin damu da dangi. Muna ceton ’yan uwa don mu daina damuwa saboda damuwa da makomarsu. Bugu da ƙari, oxytocin yana gyara ƙwayoyin zuciya da suka lalace. Juyin halitta yana koya wa mutum cewa kula da wasu yana ba ka damar tsira yayin gwaji. Hakanan, ta hanyar kula da wasu, za ku koyi kula da kanku. Ta hanyar shawo kan yanayin damuwa ko taimaka wa ƙaunataccen ta hanyarsa, za ku zama mai ƙarfi sau da yawa, da ƙarfin zuciya, da lafiyar zuciyar ku.
Lokacin da kuke yaki da damuwa, makiyin ku ne. Amma yadda kuke ji game da shi yana ƙayyade 80% na tasirinsa a jikin ku. Ku sani cewa tunani da ayyuka na iya shafar wannan. Idan kun canza dabi'ar ku zuwa mai kyau, to jikinku zai amsa daban-daban ga damuwa. Da halin kirki, zai zama abokin tarayya mai ƙarfi.