A Turai, ana tunanin rashin lafiyar abinci zai shafi 6% na yara kuma sama da 3% na manya. Adadi yana ƙaruwa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Ta yaya rashin lafiyar abinci ke bayyana? Mene ne ainihin abubuwan rashin lafiyar abinci? Za mu iya warkar da shi? Amsoshin Dr Emmanuelle Rondeleux, likitan cututtukan yara.

Rashin lafiyar abinci shine tsarin garkuwar jiki zuwa abincin da bai kamata ya saba yi ba. A farkon hulɗa tare da allergen, jiki yana yin ƙwayoyin rigakafi akan sa, IgE (don immunoglobulin E). Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna haɗe kansu da ƙwayoyin mast, sel waɗanda ke shiga cikin kariya ta jiki.

Saduwa ta farko tare da allergen ta kasance babu alamun cutar. Amma yana haifar da faɗakarwa ga abincin da ake tambaya wanda ke nufin cewa yayin saduwa ta biyu tare da allergen ƙwayoyin mast suna motsawa suna haifar da sakin abubuwa kamar histamine a asalin alamun rashin lafiyar.

“Yaran da ke rashin lafiyan gyada ko ƙwai na iya haɓaka rashin lafiyan yayin da ba su taɓa cin su ba. Ya isa iyayensu sun cinye shi. Daga nan kuma suna ɗauke da alamun allurar a hannayensu, rigunansu waɗanda daga nan za su iya saduwa da jariri, wanda ya isa ya haifar da ɓarkewar ƙwayoyin cuta, ”in ji Dr Rondeleux.

A cikin yara, abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar su shine madarar shanu, ƙwai, gyada, kwayoyi (“musamman pistachios da cashews”, suna nuna alamun rashin lafiyar), sai mustard, kifi da abincin teku, sesame, alkama ko ma kiwi. "Lura cewa wannan jerin abubuwan abinci na rashin lafiyar sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa wata".

A cikin tsofaffi, abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyan sune 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, kifi da abincin teku, soya, seleri, mustard da gluten. “Farawar rashin lafiyar abinci a cikin manya galibi ana alakanta shi da rashin lafiyan. Wani babban mutum wanda ke rashin lafiyan pollen birch yana cikin haɗarin haɓaka rashin lafiyar apple saboda waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu suna da sunadarai gama gari ”, in ji Dr Rondeleux. 

A yau, ka'idoji suna buƙatar ambaton allergens (a cikin jerin manyan allergens 14) akan lakabin kayan abinci.

Akwai iri biyu na rashin lafiyan abinci:

Nan da nan rashin lafiyan

Nan da nan rashin lafiyan, alamun sa suna bayyana a mafi yawan sa'o'i uku bayan cin abincin. Suna iya bayyana kamar tingling da itching a cikin baki, da / ko edema na lebe kuma mai yiwuwa fuska a cikin manya. A cikin yara, ana iya samun tingling da edema na fuska, amma kuma ja da kuma musamman amon fuska wanda zai iya yaduwa a jiki duka. Don wannan ana iya ƙara rashin jin daɗi na numfashi da wahalar haɗiyewa.

Hakanan rashin lafiyan nan take na iya haifar da matsalolin narkewar abinci kamar amai, gudawa, ciwon ciki da jin rashin lafiya ko ma suma. Anaphylaxis shine mafi girman nau'in rashin lafiyar kai tsaye. "Muna magana ne game da anaphylaxis lokacin da aka shafi gabobin biyu", ya nuna ƙwararren. 

Jinkirin rashin lafiyan

Jinkirin rashin lafiyan da alamun sa ke bayyana 'yan awanni zuwa sama da awanni 48 bayan cin abinci na rashin lafiyar. Suna damuwa da yara fiye da manya kuma suna da alamun rikicewar narkewar abinci (gudawa, ciwon ciki, reflux), eczema da / ko ƙarancin nauyi mara nauyi (mara nauyi). 

“Rashin lafiyar abinci wanda ke farawa lokacin balaga galibi yana haifar da ciwon rashin lafiya na ƙaramin nauyi. A cikin yara, ya kamata a sanya ido sosai kan rashin lafiyar abinci saboda yana da haɗari ”, in ji gargadin.

A yanayin m alamu

Idan alamun sun yi laushi, musamman akan fata, ana iya rage su ta hanyar shan maganin antihistamine kamar Zyrtec ko Aerius, a cikin hanyar maganin baka ga yara. A yayin rashin jin daɗi na numfashi, ana iya amfani da ventoline azaman magani na farko, amma kada ku yi jinkirin komawa ga allurar epinephrine idan alamun sun ci gaba.

Idan akwai rashin jin daɗi ko wahalar numfashi

Idan mutumin da ke cikin damuwa yana jin rashin lafiya ko kuma ya koka game da wahalar numfashi mai ƙarfi, kira 15 kuma nan da nan ya sanya su a wurin zama (idan akwai wahalar numfashi) ko a cikin yanayin tsaro na gefe (PLS) tare da kafafuwan da aka ɗaga (idan akwai rashin jin daɗi) . 

Waɗannan alamun yakamata su ba da shawarar anaphylaxis wanda ke buƙatar magani na gaggawa da ya dace: allurar intramuscular na adrenaline da asibiti. Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka sami anaphylaxis a baya yakamata koyaushe su ɗauki allurar epinephrine ta atomatik.

"Sakamakon ganewar rashin lafiyar abinci yana dogara ne akan tambayar mara lafiya ko iyayensa idan ƙaramin yaro ne. Gabaɗaya, iyayen da ke ɗaukar matakin ba da shawara ga ɗansu tuni suna zargin abinci ”, in ji Dokta Rondeleux. Hakanan ana iya ba da gwajin jini da gwajin fata (gwaje -gwajen prick) ban da tabbatar da rashin lafiyar da kawar da rashin lafiyar giciye. 

Jiyya na rashin lafiyar abinci

Dangane da maganin rashin lafiyan abinci, ya ƙunshi cire abincin allergenic daga cikin abincin. Hakanan ana iya kafa yarjejeniya ta juriya ta baki a ƙarƙashin kulawar likitan rashin lafiyar. Ya ƙunshi sannu a hankali gabatar da abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya a cikin adadi kaɗan a cikin abincin mara lafiya.

“Misali, a cikin yara masu rashin lafiyan sunadarin madarar saniya kuma wanda rashin lafiyar sa bai wuce shekara 1 ko 2 ba, za mu iya ƙoƙarin gabatar da madarar saniya a cikin irin wainar da aka toya saboda dafa abinci yana sauƙaƙe haɗewar furotin madarar saniya ta jiki. Abu ɗaya ne ga mutanen da ke rashin lafiyar kwai, muna gabatar da ƙwai a cikin sifofi masu dafa (ƙwai-dafaffen kwai, omelet) maimakon a cikin ɗanyen sifofi (kwai mai taushi, cakulan mousse) ”, yayi bayani dalla-dalla ga likitan.

A cikin yara, wasu abubuwan rashin lafiyar abinci na iya ɓacewa da tsufa wasu kuma na iya dorewa. Mun lura cewa rashin lafiyan sunadarin madarar saniya ya ɓace a cikin kashi 80% na lokuta kusan shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu. Rashin lafiyar kwai yana warkar da kansa a kusa da shekaru uku cikin 60% na yaran da abin ya shafa. A gefe guda, rashin lafiyan gyada, tsaba, kifi da / ko ɓawon burodi suna ɓacewa kaɗan kaɗan. 

Ƙaruwar rashin lafiyar abinci?

Gabaɗaya, an sami karuwar rashin lafiyar abinci tsawon shekaru da yawa, tare da rashin lafiyar abinci wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa cikin sauƙi cikin lokaci. Wasu masana kimiyya sun gabatar da hasashen tsabtace tsabta don bayyana wannan sabon abu, ka'idar da akan rage raguwa a ƙuruciya zuwa kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasashe masu masana'antu za su haifar da raguwar kumburin tsarin garkuwar jiki saboda haka karuwa a yawan mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyan.

Lokacin da mutum ya yi rashin lafiyan abubuwa biyu ko uku daban-daban, ana kiranta gicciye. Wannan saboda allergens da ake tambaya suna da sunadarai gama gari. 

Mafi shahararrun giciye-allergies sune:

• rashin lafiyan shanu, tumaki da madarar akuya. “Haɗin kai tsakanin saniya, tumaki da furotin madarar akuya ya fi 80%”, ya nuna ƙwararren;
• rashin lafiyan latex da wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa irin su kiwi, ayaba da avocado;
• rashin lafiyar pollens da raw kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa (apple + birch).