Akwai lokacin da cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki kawai wani ɓangare ne na ƙaramin al'adu a yammacin duniya. An yi imanin cewa wannan yanki ne na sha'awar hippies da masu fafutuka, kuma ba yawan jama'a ba.
Masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki suna ganin waɗanda ke kewaye da su ko dai tare da yarda da haƙuri, ko kuma tare da ƙiyayya. Amma yanzu komai ya canza. Masu amfani da yawa sun fara fahimtar tasiri mai kyau na abinci mai gina jiki ba kawai a kan kiwon lafiya ba, har ma a kan sauran fannoni na rayuwa.
Abinci mai gina jiki na tushen shuka ya zama na yau da kullun. Shahararrun jiga-jigan jama'a da manyan kamfanoni suna kira da a sauya sheka zuwa cin ganyayyaki. Hatta irin su Beyoncé da Jay-Z sun rungumi salon cin ganyayyaki kuma sun saka hannun jari a kamfanin abinci na vegan. Kuma babban kamfanin samar da abinci a duniya, Nestlé, ya yi hasashen cewa abinci mai gina jiki zai ci gaba da samun karbuwa a tsakanin masu amfani da shi.
Ga wasu, salon rayuwa ne. Ya faru cewa ko da duka kamfanoni suna bin falsafar bisa ga abin da suka ƙi biyan duk wani abin da ke haifar da kisan kai.
Fahimtar cewa amfani da dabbobi don abinci, tufafi, ko wata manufa ba lallai ba ne don lafiyarmu da jin daɗinmu kuma yana iya zama tushen haɓaka tattalin arzikin shuka mai fa'ida.
Amfana ga lafiya
Shekaru da yawa da aka yi bincike sun nuna cewa cin abinci mai gina jiki wanda za a iya cewa yana daya daga cikin mafi koshin lafiya a duniya. Abincin da ke cikin tsarin abinci na yau da kullum na tsire-tsire yana taimakawa wajen rage kumburi a cikin jiki, inganta aikin jini, da rage haɗarin ciwon ciwon daji da ciwon sukari.
Masana abinci mai gina jiki sun yarda cewa madadin furotin na dabba-kwaya, iri, legumes, da tofu- suna da mahimmanci kuma tushen furotin da sauran abubuwan gina jiki.
Abincin da ya dogara da tsire-tsire yana da aminci ga kowane mataki na rayuwar mutum, ciki har da ciki, jariri, da ƙuruciya. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki na shuka zai iya ba wa mutum duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don lafiya mai kyau.
Mafi yawan masu cin ganyayyaki da masu cin ganyayyaki, bisa ga bincike, suna samun shawarar da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullun na furotin. Dangane da baƙin ƙarfe, abincin da ake amfani da shi na shuka zai iya ƙunsar da yawa ko fiye da abincin da ke ɗauke da nama.
Ba wai kawai ba a buƙatar kayan dabba don ingantaccen kiwon lafiya, amma yawan adadin masu gina jiki da masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya suna yarda cewa kayan dabba suna da illa.
Bincike kan abinci mai gina jiki ya nuna akai-akai cewa yawan adadin jiki da kiba sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin mutanen da ke cin abinci na tushen shuka. Cin abinci mai lafiya da tsirrai kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya, shanyewar jiki, ciwon daji, kiba, da ciwon sukari, waɗanda ke cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a yawancin ƙasashen yamma.
Icsabi'a
Ga mafi yawan mutanen da ke rayuwa a duniyar yau, cin nama ba shine muhimmin sashi na rayuwa ba. Dan Adam na zamani baya bukatar kare kansa daga dabbobi domin ya rayu. Don haka, a zamanin yau, cin mai rai ya zama zabi, ba larura ba.
Dabbobi su ne masu hankali kamar yadda muke da su, tare da bukatunsu, sha'awarsu da bukatunsu. Kimiyya ta san cewa, kamar mu, za su iya samun abubuwa da yawa na ji da motsin rai, kamar farin ciki, zafi, jin daɗi, tsoro, yunwa, baƙin ciki, gajiya, takaici, ko gamsuwa. Suna sane da duniyar da ke kewaye da su. Rayuwarsu tana da kima kuma ba kayan aiki ba ne kawai ko kayan aikin ɗan adam.
Duk wani amfani da dabbobi don abinci, tufafi, nishaɗi ko gwaji shine amfani da dabbobi ba tare da son rai ba, yana haifar da wahala da, a mafi yawan lokuta, kisan kai.
Dorewa ta muhalli
Amfanin kiwon lafiya da ɗabi'a ba su da tabbas, amma canzawa zuwa abinci na tushen shuka shima yana da kyau ga muhalli.
Sabon bincike ya nuna cewa canzawa zuwa abinci na tushen tsire-tsire na iya rage tasirin muhallin ku fiye da canzawa zuwa motar haɗin gwiwa. Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta yi kiyasin cewa kusan kashi 30% na kasar da ba a rufe da kankara ana amfani da ita kai tsaye ko a kaikaice wajen samar da abinci ga dabbobi.
A cikin gandun dajin Amazon, kusan kashi 70% na ƙasar daji an canza su zuwa sararin samaniya da ake amfani da su azaman kiwo ga shanu. Fiye da kiwo ya haifar da asarar ɗimbin halittu da wadatar halittu, musamman a yankunan bushes.
Rahoton mai juzu’i biyu mai taken “Kiwon Dabbobi a Yanayin Canjin Kasa” ya yi muhimman abubuwan da aka gano:
1. Sama da dabbobi biliyan 1,7 ake amfani da su wajen kiwon dabbobi a duniya kuma sun mamaye fiye da kashi daya bisa hudu na saman duniya.
2. Samar da abincin dabbobi ya mamaye kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk ƙasar noma a duniya.
3. Masana'antar dabbobi, wacce ta hada da samarwa da jigilar abinci, ita ce ke da alhakin kusan kashi 18% na duk hayakin da ake fitarwa a duniya.
A cewar wani bincike na baya-bayan nan game da tasirin muhalli na maye gurbin nama mai tushe, duk wani nau'in nama da aka samar yana haifar da raguwar hayaki fiye da samar da nama na gaske.
Kiwon dabbobi kuma yana haifar da rashin amfani da ruwa. Masana'antar kiwon dabbobi na buƙatar yawan amfani da ruwa, galibi suna raguwar kayayyaki na cikin gida a cikin haɓakar matsalolin sauyin yanayi da kuma raguwar albarkatun ruwa.
Me yasa ake samar da abinci don abinci?
Rage samar da nama da sauran kayayyakin dabbobi ba wai kawai yana tallafawa yaƙin ceto duniyarmu ba kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi dorewa da tsarin rayuwa.
Ta hanyar kawar da kayayyakin dabbobi, ba kawai kuna rage tasirin muhalli sosai ba, har ma kuna taka rawar da kuke takawa wajen inganta rayuwar mutane a duniya.
Kiwon dabbobi yana da sakamako mai nisa ga mutane, musamman ga marasa ƙarfi da matalauta. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, a kowace shekara sama da mutane miliyan 20 ne ke mutuwa sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki, kuma kusan mutane biliyan 1 ne ke rayuwa cikin yunwa ta yau da kullun.
Yawancin abincin da ake ciyar da dabbobi a halin yanzu ana iya amfani da su don ciyar da mayunwata a duniya. Amma a maimakon a kai hatsi ga mutanen da ke cikin mawuyacin hali da kuma wadanda matsalar karancin abinci ta shafa a duniya, ana ciyar da wadannan amfanin gona zuwa dabbobi.
Yana ɗaukar matsakaicin fam huɗu na hatsi da sauran sunadaran kayan lambu don samar da rabin fam na naman sa kawai!
Amfanin tattalin arziki
Tsarin noma na tushen tsire-tsire yana kawo ba kawai fa'idodin muhalli da ɗan adam ba, har ma da na tattalin arziki. Ƙarin abincin da za a samar idan yawan jama'ar Amurka ya koma cin ganyayyaki zai iya ciyar da ƙarin mutane miliyan 350.
Wannan rarar abinci zai rama duk asarar da aka samu daga raguwar noman dabbobi. Nazarin tattalin arziki ya nuna cewa noman dabbobi a yawancin ƙasashen yammacin duniya yana samar da ƙasa da kashi 2% na GDP. Wasu bincike a Amurka sun ba da shawarar yuwuwar raguwar GDP da kusan kashi 1% sakamakon sauye-sauyen da kasar ta yi zuwa cin ganyayyaki, amma hakan zai samu koma baya ta hanyar ci gaban kasuwannin da suka dogara da shuka.
A cewar wani binciken da aka buga a Mujallar Amurka Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), idan mutane suka ci gaba da cin kayayyakin dabbobi, maimakon su canza zuwa tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, zai iya kashe Amurka daga biliyan 197 zuwa 289. dala a shekara, kuma tattalin arzikin duniya na iya yin asarar dala tiriliyan 2050 da 1,6.
Amurka na iya yin tanadin kuɗi fiye da kowace ƙasa ta hanyar canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin tushen shuka saboda tsadar lafiyar jama'a a halin yanzu. A cewar wani binciken PNAS, idan Amurkawa kawai sun bi ka'idodin cin abinci mai kyau, Amurka za ta iya ceton dala biliyan 180 a cikin kuɗin kula da lafiya da dala biliyan 250 idan sun canza zuwa tattalin arzikin tushen shuka. Waɗannan alkaluman kuɗi ne kawai kuma ba su ma la'akari da cewa ana ceton rayuka 320 a kowace shekara ta hanyar rage cututtuka masu tsanani da kuma kiba.
Bisa wani bincike da Ƙungiyar Abinci ta Shuka ta yi, ayyukan tattalin arziki a masana'antar abinci ta Amurka kawai ya kai dala biliyan 13,7 a kowace shekara. A halin yanzu, ana hasashen masana'antar abinci ta shuka za ta samar da dala biliyan 10 a cikin kudaden haraji a cikin shekaru 13,3 masu zuwa. Tallace-tallacen kayan lambu a Amurka suna haɓaka da matsakaicin kashi 8% a kowace shekara.
Duk waɗannan labarai ne masu ban sha'awa ga masu ba da shawarar salon rayuwa na tushen shuka, kuma sabbin bincike suna fitowa suna nuna fa'idodi da yawa na guje wa samfuran dabbobi.
Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, a matakai da dama, tattalin arzikin da ya dogara da shuka zai inganta lafiyar jama'a da jin dadin jama'a a duk fadin duniya ta hanyar rage yunwa a kasashe masu tasowa da kuma rage cututtuka masu tsanani a yammacin duniya. A lokaci guda kuma, duniyarmu za ta sami ɗan hutu daga lalacewa ta hanyar samar da kayan dabba.
Bayan haka, ko da ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a ba su isa su yi imani da fa'idodin salon rayuwar shuka ba, aƙalla ikon dala maɗaukaki ya kamata ya shawo kan mutane.