Wasan Barasa

A cikin nazarin wasan, babu shaye-shaye ko masu shaye-shaye, sai dai rawar da masu shan giya ke takawa a wasu wasannin. Idan babban dalilin yawan shan barasa shine, alal misali, rashin lafiyar jiki, to wannan shine alhakin babban likita. Manufar bincike a cikin wasan da muke ba da shawara ya bambanta sosai da waɗancan ma'amalolin zamantakewa waɗanda shaye-shaye ke tattare da su. Mun kira wannan wasan «Gyasa».

Lokacin da aka fadada shi sosai, wannan wasan yana da 'yan wasa biyar, amma ana iya haɗa wasu rawar ta yadda wasan zai iya farawa da ƙare da 'yan wasa biyu kawai. Matsayin tsakiya, aikin Jagora, shi ne mai shayarwa da kansa, wanda wani lokaci za mu kira Fari.

Babban abokin tarayya shine Pursuer. Yawanci wannan rawar da akasarin jinsi ke taka rawa, galibi ma'aurata. Matsayi na uku shine na Mai Ceto, wanda yawanci mutum ɗaya ne ke taka rawa, sau da yawa likita wanda ke shiga cikin majiyyaci kuma gabaɗaya yana sha'awar matsalolin shaye-shaye.

A cikin na gargajiya halin da ake ciki, likita «nasara cures» da barasa na wani mummunan al'ada. Bayan watanni shida na cikakken kauracewa barasa, likita da marasa lafiya suna taya juna murna, kuma washegari an sami White a karkashin shinge.

Matsayi na hudu shine Simpleton. A cikin wallafe-wallafen, wannan aikin yakan kasance na mai gidan cin abinci ne ko kuma duk wani wanda ya ba da farin ruwa a kan bashi ko kuma ya ba shi kuɗi a bashi kuma ba ya bi shi ko ƙoƙarin ceto shi. A rayuwa, wannan rawar na iya, ban mamaki, mahaifiyar White, ta ba shi kudi kuma sau da yawa tana tausaya masa, saboda matarsa, wato surukarta, ba ta fahimtar mijinta. Tare da wannan nau'in wasan, White ya kamata ya sami bayani mai ma'ana don tambayar dalilin da yasa yake buƙatar kuɗi. Kuma ko da yake su biyun sun san sarai abin da zai kashe su a zahiri, sun yi kamar sun gaskata bayaninsa.

Wani lokaci Simpleton tasowa a cikin wani rawa - ba mafi muhimmanci, amma quite dace da halin da ake ciki - da Instigator, Nice Guy, wanda sau da yawa yayi barasa zuwa White, ko da a lõkacin da ya ba ya tambayi «Ku zo, da abin sha» (boye ma'amala). "Kuma za ku tafi har ma da sauri ƙasa").

A cikin duk wasannin da suka shafi barasa, akwai wani aikin taimako wanda ke da ƙwararru - mashaya, mashaya, wato, mutumin da ke ba da farin barasa. A cikin wasan «Alcoholic» shi ne ɗan takara na biyar, Intermediary, babban tushen barasa, wanda, haka ma, ya fahimci barasa sosai kuma, a cikin ma'ana, shine babban mutum a rayuwar kowane mai shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bambanci tsakanin Intermediary da sauran 'yan wasa daidai yake da tsakanin ƙwararru da masu son a kowane wasa.

Kwararren ya san lokacin da zai tsaya. Don haka, a wani lokaci, mashawarcin kirki zai iya ƙin bauta wa mai shaye-shaye, wanda hakan ya rasa tushen barasa, har sai ya sami Intermediary mai sassaucin ra'ayi.

A farkon wasan, matar za ta iya taka rawa uku masu tallafawa.

A tsakar dare, matar ita ce Simpleton. Ta cire rigar mijinta, ta shayar da shi kofi ta ba shi damar cire masa sharri. Da safe ta zama Mai tsanantawa, tana zaginsa saboda rashin rai. Da maraice, ta zama Mai Ceto kuma ta roƙi mijinta ya bar miyagun halaye. A cikin matakai na gaba, wani lokacin dangane da lalacewar yanayin jiki, mai shan giya zai iya yin ba tare da Mai tsanantawa da Mai Ceto ba, amma ya jure su idan sun yarda a lokaci guda don ba shi yanayi mai mahimmanci. White iya, alal misali, ba zato ba tsammani je wasu rai-ceto kungiyar da kuma ko da yarda da «subuta» idan sun ba shi free abinci a can. Zai iya ɗaukar duka mai son tsawa da ƙwararru idan yana fatan samun abin hannu daga baya.

Dangane da nazarin wasanni, mun yi imanin cewa amfani da barasa a kanta, idan ya ba da farin ciki ga White, to kawai a wucewa. Babban aikinsa shi ne ya kai ga kololuwa, wanda shi ne ragi.

Mai shaye-shaye yana fahimtar ragi ba kamar mummunan yanayin jiki ba, amma a matsayin azabtarwa ta hankali. Wasannin shaye-shaye guda biyu da aka fi so su ne “Cocktail” (nawa suka sha da abin da suka gauraya da me) da kuma “Washegari da safe” (“Duba yadda na ji dadi”) Ana yin Cocktail mafi yawa daga mutanen da ke sha kawai a wurin bukukuwa ko daga harka da hali. Yawancin masu shaye-shaye sun fi son yin wasan motsa jiki na “The Morning After” da kyau.

… Wani majiyyaci (White), zuwan shawara da likitan ilimin halin dan Adam bayan wani spre, saukar da kogunan la'ana a kansa; Likitan kwakwalwa ya yi shiru. Daga baya, a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ilimin halin ɗan adam, White ya tuna da waɗannan ziyarce-ziyarcen kuma ya danganta duk kalmomin rantsuwarsa ga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali tare da smug amincewa. Lokacin da masu shaye-shaye suke tattaunawa game da halin da suke ciki don dalilai na warkewa, yawanci ba su da sha'awar matsalar shaye-shaye (a fili, galibi suna ambatonta ne don girmama mai tsanantawa), amma a cikin azabar da ta biyo baya. Mun yi imanin cewa maƙasudin ma'amala na cin zarafi na barasa, ban da jin daɗin shan kanta, shine kuma haifar da yanayin da za a tsawata wa yaron ta kowace hanya ba kawai ta iyayensa na ciki ba, har ma da kowane ɗayan iyaye daga yanayin nan da nan wanda ya yarda da babban isashen shiga cikin Alcoholic don saduwa da shi a rabi kuma ya yi wasa tare a cikin wasansa. Saboda haka, far a cikin wannan wasan ya kamata a directed ba zuwa ga al'ada na sha, amma don kawar da barasa sha'awar indulge da rauni da kuma tsunduma a kai flagellation, wanda aka fi cikakken bayyana a cikin wasan «The Next Morning». Wannan rukunin baya haɗa da, duk da haka, masu shaye-shaye waɗanda ba sa shan wahala a ɗabi'a bayan cin abinci.

Har ila yau, akwai wasan barasa wanda ba a sha ba wanda White ke bi ta kowane mataki na raguwar kuɗi da lalata zamantakewa, ko da yake ba ya sha ko kadan. Duk da haka, yana yin irin wannan motsi a wasan kuma yana buƙatar simintin "'yan wasan kwaikwayo" iri ɗaya don yin wasa tare da shi. A cikin wannan wasan, babban aikin kuma yana faruwa "washegari da safe." Kamanceceniya da ke tsakanin waɗannan wasannin sun tabbatar da cewa lalle wasanni ne. Game Addict yayi kama da Alcoholic, amma ya fi ban mamaki da ban tsoro. Yana tasowa da sauri kuma mafi ban sha'awa. Aƙalla a cikin al'ummarmu, kaya mai yawa a cikinta yana sauka a kan Chaser (wanda a ko da yaushe a shirye yake). Masu ceto da Sauƙaƙe ba su da yawa a cikin wannan wasan, amma rawar mai shiga tsakani ya zama mafi mahimmanci.

Akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin Amurka waɗanda ke shiga cikin wasan barasa. Yawancinsu kamar suna wa'azin ka'idodin wasan, suna bayyana yadda za su taka rawar barasa: ƙwanƙwasa gilashi kafin karin kumallo, kashe kuɗin da aka yi nufin wasu buƙatu akan abubuwan sha, da sauransu. Ƙari ga haka, suna bayyana ayyukan Mai Ceto. Misali, Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous kungiya ce da ta yadu a Amurka da sauran kasashe da dama na duniya. Suna yin wannan wasan, suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin barasa zuwa matsayin Mai Ceto.

An fi son tsofaffin barasa saboda sun san ka'idodin wasan don haka sun fi iya yin wasa tare da wasu fiye da mutanen da ba su taɓa yin wasan ba. Har ma an samu rahotannin cewa “hanyar ‘yan barasa da za su yi aiki da ita ta kare, ba zato ba tsammani, daga nan ne wasu ‘yan kungiyar suka fara shaye-shaye, saboda ba su da wata hanyar da za su ci gaba da wasan ba tare da wata tawaga ta mutanen da ke mutuwa a ciki ba. bukatar taimako.

Akwai kungiyoyi da burinsu shine inganta yanayin sauran 'yan wasa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna matsa wa ma'auratan su canza matsayin Mai tsanantawa zuwa matsayin Mai Ceto. Da alama a gare mu ƙungiyar da ta fi kusa da ingantaccen magani ita ce wacce ke aiki tare da yara matasa tare da iyayen giya. Ta nemi taimakon yaron ya janye gaba daya daga wasan iyaye. Juya aikin baya aiki anan.

Psychological warkar da barasa za a iya samu, a cikin ra'ayi, kawai ta irrevocable janye daga wasan, kuma ba ta wani sauki canji na matsayin. A wasu lokuta, an cimma hakan, ko da yake da wuya mutum zai iya samun wani abu mafi ban sha'awa ga Shaye-shaye fiye da ikon ci gaba da wasan. Maye gurbin matsayi ta hanyar tilastawa na iya zama wasa daban fiye da dangantakar da ba ta da wasa.

Waɗanda ake kira ƙwararrun barasa ba su da sha'awa sosai; su da kansu sun fi iya fahimtar cewa rayuwarsu tana da ban sha'awa, koyaushe suna sha'awar komawa ga tsoffin halaye. Ma'auni na farfadowa daga wasan, a cikin ra'ayi, irin wannan yanayi ne wanda tsohon mashawarcin giya zai iya sha a cikin al'umma ba tare da wani haɗari ga kansa ba.

Daga bayanin wasan, ana iya ganin cewa Mai Ceto ya fi sau da yawa yana da jaraba mai karfi don yin wasansa: «Ina ƙoƙarin taimaka muku kawai», kuma Mai tsanantawa da Simpleton suna wasa da nasu: a farkon yanayin. — «Dubi abin da kuka yi mani», a cikin ta biyun - «Maɗaukakin ɗan'uwana. Bayan bayyanar babban adadin kungiyoyi da ke da hannu wajen ceton barasa da kuma inganta ra'ayin cewa barasa cuta ce, yawancin barasa sun koyi yin wasa "Cripple". An mayar da hankali daga Mai tsanantawa zuwa Mai Ceto, daga "Ni mai zunubi" zuwa "Me kuke so daga mara lafiya." Amfanin irin wannan canjin yana da matukar matsala, tun da, daga mahangar aiki, da wuya ya taimaka wajen rage sayar da barasa ga masu sha. Ga mutane da yawa a cikin Amurka, duk da haka, Alcoholics Anonymous har yanzu yana wakiltar ɗayan mafi kyawun hanyoyin murmurewa daga sha'awar kai.

Antithesis. An san cewa wasan «Alcoholic» yana taka rawa sosai kuma yana da wuya a daina. A daya daga cikin kungiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, akwai wata mata ‘yar shaye-shaye wadda da farko ba ta shiga ayyukan kungiyar ba, har sai da a nata ra’ayi, ta san ‘yan kungiyar sosai don yin wasanta. Ta nemi a gaya mata me 'yan kungiyar suke mata. Tunda har ya zuwa yanzu halinta yana da daɗi, yawancin sun yi magana da ita cikin jin daɗi.

Amma matar ta fara nuna rashin amincewa: “Wannan ba shine abin da nake so ba. Ina so in san ainihin tunanin ku game da ni." Ya tabbata daga kalamanta tana neman kalaman batanci. Bayan da sauran ’yan kungiyar suka ki su zama Mai Tsananta, sai ta je gida ta gaya wa mijinta cewa idan ta ƙara sha ɗaya kawai, zai iya sake ta ko kuma a kai ta asibiti. Mijin ya yi alkawarin yin yadda ta nema. Da yammacin wannan rana sai matar ta bugu, sai mijinta ya tura ta asibiti.

A cikin wannan misalin, marasa lafiya sun ƙi yin aiki a matsayin masu tsanantawa, wanda shine ainihin abin da matar ta yi tsammani daga gare su. Ta kasa jurewa irin wannan dabi'a ta sabawa 'ya'yan kungiyar, duk da cewa kowa na kusa da ita ya yi kokarin karfafa dan karamin fahimtar lamarin da ta samu. Kuma a gida, ta sami wani mutum da son rai yana taka rawar da take bukata.

Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta yana yiwuwa a shirya majiyyaci ta yadda har yanzu ya sami damar barin wasan. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iya ƙoƙarin yin amfani da magani wanda ya ƙi ɗaukar matsayin Mai tsanantawa ko Mai Ceto. Mun yi imanin cewa zai zama daidai da kuskure daga ra'ayi na warkewa idan ya ɗauki nauyin Simpleton kuma ya ƙyale mai haƙuri ya yi watsi da wajibai na kudi ko sauƙi mai sauƙi. Hanyar magani daidai da ma'amala shine kamar haka: bayan aikin shirye-shiryen a hankali, ana ba da shawarar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don ɗaukar matsayi na balagagge wanda ya shiga kwangila tare da majiyyaci kuma ya ƙi yin wasu ayyuka da fatan mai haƙuri zai iya. don kiyaye kamewa ba kawai daga barasa ba, har ma daga caca. . Idan mai haƙuri bai yi nasara ba, muna ba da shawarar tura shi zuwa ga Mai Ceto.

Aiwatar da maganin antithesis yana da wahala musamman, tun da yake a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen yammacin duniya mai yawan shan giya ya zama abin maraba da abin zargi, faɗakarwa, ko karimci ga ƙungiyoyin agaji. Saboda haka, mutumin da ba zato ba tsammani ya ƙi yin wasa da duk wani nau'i na wasan "Alcoholic" yana iya haifar da fushin jama'a. Hanya mai ma'ana na iya zama ma fi barazana ga masu ceto fiye da yadda ake yiwa masu shaye-shaye, wanda wani lokaci yana iya cutar da tsarin waraka.

Da zarar, a daya daga cikin dakunan shan magani, wani rukuni na psychotherapists da suka yi tsanani da hannu a cikin wasan na «Alcoholic» kokarin warkar da marasa lafiya ta hanyar lalata su game. Da zaran dabarun masu ilimin halin dan Adam ya bayyana, kwamitin agajin da ke ba da tallafin asibitin ya yi kokarin korar daukacin kungiyar, kuma a nan gaba, a cikin kula da wadannan marasa lafiya, ba su koma ga wani daga cikin membobinsa don neman taimako ba.

Wasanni masu alaƙa. Akwai wani labari mai ban sha'awa a cikin wasan "Alcoholic":

"Bari mu sha." Wani ɗalibi mai lura da ƙwararrun ilimin tabin hankali na masana'antu ne ya nuna mana shi. White da matarsa ​​(Stalker ba ya sha) sun tafi yawon shakatawa tare da Black (abokin tarayya) da matarsa ​​(dukkan su Simpletons). Fari yana bi da Baƙar fata: "Bari mu sha!" Idan sun yarda, wannan yana ba wa Farin 'yancin samun ƙarin sha huɗu ko biyar. Ƙin Blacks na sha ya sa wasan farin ya fito fili. A wannan yanayin, bisa ga ka'idodin shan haɗin gwiwa, White ya kamata ya ji zagi, kuma a kan fikinik na gaba zai sami ƙarin abokan hulɗa da kansa. Abin da a matakin zamantakewa ya zama babban karimci shi ne, a matakin tunani, kawai ƙarfin zuciya, kamar yadda Farin, ta hanyar cin hanci da rashawa, yana samun takardar shaidar iyaye daga Baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin hancin Mrs. White, wanda ba shi da ikon yin tsayayya da shi. A gaskiya ma, Mrs. White ta yarda da irin wannan taron, tana yin riya cewa ba ta da ikon yin tsayayya da mijinta. Bayan haka, ita ma tana son wasan ya ci gaba, kuma za ta taka rawar mai chaser, kamar yadda Mr. Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin cewa ta zagi mijinta da safe bayan fikin. Wannan bambance-bambancen wasan yana cike da rikice-rikice, musamman idan White shine mafi girman Black a cikin sabis. A gaskiya magana. Simpletons ba su da sauƙi. Sau da yawa waɗannan mutane ne masu kaɗaici waɗanda za su iya amfana da yawa daga kyakkyawar dangantaka da mashaya.

Misali, mai gidan cin abinci, yana taka rawar Nice Guy, don haka ya faɗaɗa da'irar abokansa; Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kamfaninsa zai iya samun suna ba kawai a matsayin mai karimci ba, har ma a matsayin mai ba da labari mai kyau.

Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don Nice Guy ya bayyana, alal misali, lokacin da mutum ya tambayi kowa da kowa don shawara, yana neman dama kan yadda zai fi dacewa don taimaka wa wani. Wannan misali ne na wasa mai kyau, mai fa'ida wanda yakamata a karfafa shi ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa. Akasin wannan wasan shine rawar da Guy mai tauri, wanda mutum ke neman hanyoyin da zai iya cutar da mutane gwargwadon iko. Kuma ko da yake, watakila, ba zai taɓa cutar da kowa ba, amma waɗanda ke kewaye da shi sun fara haɗa shi da irin waɗannan "masu taurin kai" waɗanda "wasa har zuwa ƙarshe." Kuma ya bass a cikin haskoki na wannan daukaka. Faransawa suna kiran irin wannan misalin fanfarone de vice (fanfaron na mugunta).

analysis

Littafin: "To, na kasance m! Mu gani ko za ku iya hana ni."

Manufar: Tutar kai.

Matsayi: Mai shaye-shaye, Mai tsanantawa, Mai Ceto, Mai Sauƙi, Matsakanci.

Misalai: "Bari mu ga ko kun kama ni." Samfuran wannan wasan suna da wahalar samu saboda sarkar sa. Duk da haka, yara, musamman yara masu shaye-shaye, sukan yi abubuwan da suka dace na Alcoholics. Lokacin wasa Bari Mu Gani Idan Ka Kame Ni, yara suna yin ƙarya, ɓoye abubuwa, suna neman maganganun batanci, ko neman waɗanda za su taimake su. Suna samun, alal misali, maƙwabci mai tausayi wanda ke rarraba kayan hannu, da dai sauransu.

Tutar kai a cikin wannan yanayin, kamar yadda ake ce, an jinkirta shi zuwa shekaru masu zuwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa: Manya - Manya; Adult: "Ka gaya mani ainihin tunaninka game da ni, ko ka taimake ni in daina shan giya";

Adult: "Zan yi muku gaskiya."

Tsarin ilimin halin ɗan adam: iyaye - Yaro; Yaro: "Bari mu ga ko za ku iya hana ni"; Iyaye: "Ya kamata ku daina sha saboda..."

Motsawa: 1) tsokana - zargi ko gafara; 2) son kai - fushi ko takaici.

Sakamakon sakamako:

1. na ciki tunanin - a) sha a matsayin hanya - tawaye, ta'aziyya, gamsuwar sha'awa; b) «Alcoholic» a matsayin wasa - alamar kai;
2. na waje na tunani - nisantar jima'i da sauran nau'ikan kusanci;
3. na ciki zamantakewa — «Bari mu ga ko za ku iya dakatar da ni»;
4. zamantakewa na waje - wasan kwaikwayo «Washegari da safe», «Cocktail», da dai sauransu;
5. nazarin halittu - madadin musayar kalaman soyayya da fushi;
6. existential - "Kowa yana so ya cutar da ni."