Wasu namomin daji suna girma a kan kututturen sirara ta yadda za a iya lalata su da ɗan taɓawa. Dole ne a tattara irin waɗannan jikin 'ya'yan itace masu rauni sosai a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada a kashe hular. Daga cikin namomin kaza masu cin abinci a kan ƙananan ƙafafu, ana iya bambanta nau'in russula iri-iri, kuma akwai kuma jikin 'ya'yan itace tare da irin wannan siffofi a tsakanin lodi.
Russula a kan siraran kafafu
Russula kore (Russula aeruginea).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: farkon Yuli - karshen Satumba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Tushen yana da silindi, fari, tare da ɗigon tsatsa-launin ruwan kasa. Ana cire kwas ɗin cikin sauƙi da 2/3 na radius na hula.
Hulun koriya ce, mai dunƙulewa ko tawaya, m.
Bakin ciki yana da karye, fari, mai ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Gefen hular ya fashe. Faranti akai-akai, mannewa, fari, sa'an nan kuma masu launin rawaya, wani lokacin tare da tabo masu tsatsa.
Naman kaza mai kyau mai kyau, ana amfani da sabo (wanda aka ba da shawarar Boiled don cire haushi) da gishiri. Yana da kyau a tattara matasa namomin kaza tare da saukar da gefen.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana tsiro a cikin deciduous, gauraye (tare da Birch), wani lokacin a cikin gandun daji coniferous, a cikin matasa Pine-Birch, a kan yashi kasa, a ciyawa, a gansakuka, a gefuna, kusa da hanyoyi.
Russula rawaya (Russula claroflava).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - karshen Satumba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Faranti suna mannewa, akai-akai, rawaya.
Hulun tana da haske rawaya, bushe, madaidaici ko lebur.
Kafar tana da fari, santsi, launin toka tare da shekaru. An cire fata da kyau kawai tare da gefen hula. Itacen itace kamar auduga, fari, rawaya-orange a ƙarƙashin fata, yana duhu akan yanke.
Ana amfani da wannan naman naman da ake ci akan ɗan siraran farin tushe sabo ne (bayan tafasa) da gishiri. Idan aka tafasa, naman yana yin duhu. Yana da kyau a tattara matasa namomin kaza tare da saukar da gefen.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana tsiro a cikin dazuzzuka (tare da Birch) da dazuzzukan Pine-Birch, tare da gefen marshes, a cikin gansakuka da blueberries. Yana samar da mycorrhiza tare da Birch.
Russula blue-rawaya (Russula cyanoxantha).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar watan Yuni - karshen Satumba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Hul ɗin ya bushe ko mai ɗanɗano, kore ko launin ruwan kasa a tsakiya, violet-launin toka, violet-purple ko launin toka-kore tare da gefen. Ana cire fata da 2/3 na radius na hula.
Kafar na farko mai yawa ce, sa'an nan m, fari.
Naman fari ne, wani lokacin yana da launin shuɗi, mai ƙarfi, ba caustic ba. Faranti akai-akai, fadi, wani lokacin rassa, siliki, fari. Batun a kafa kamar auduga ne.
Mafi kyawun cheesecakes. Ana amfani da sabo ne (bayan tafasa), gishiri da pickled.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da gauraye (tare da Birch, itacen oak, aspen).
Russula yana ƙone-caustic (Russula emetica).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Hulun tana da dunƙulewa, sujada, ɗan tawayar baƙin ciki, mai ɗaki, mai sheki, sautunan ja. Hat na matasa namomin kaza ne mai siffar zobe.
Naman yana da rauni, fari, ja a ƙarƙashin fata, tare da dandano mai zafi. Ana cire fata cikin sauƙi.
Rikodi na matsakaicin mitar, fadi, madaidaici ko kusan kyauta. Kafar yana da silinda, gaggautsa, fari.
Wannan ɗan ƙaramin naman kaza da aka ɗora ba ya cin abinci saboda ɗanɗanonsa. A cewar wasu rahotanni, yana iya haifar da ciwon ciki.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana tsiro a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan dazuzzuka, a wurare masu damshi, kusa da swamps.
Russula bile (Russula fellea).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: Yuni - Satumba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Hul ɗin yana daɗaɗawa a farkon, sannan Semi-buɗe, tawayar a tsakiya, bambaro-rawaya. Gefen hula na farko da santsi, sa'an nan kuma tari.
Naman yana da rawaya-fari, kodadde rawaya, mai kauri, mai ɗaci. Farantin da ke manne da tushe akai-akai ne, sirara, farar fari, sannan rawaya mai haske.
Ƙafar yana da ma, sako-sako, tare da m a cikin tsufa, fari, bambaro-rawaya a kasa. Ana sauƙin cire kwasfa a gefuna kawai.
Bayani game da cin abinci yana cin karo da juna. A cewar wasu rahotanni, ana iya amfani da shi da gishiri bayan dogon jiƙa.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana samar da mycorrhiza tare da beech, ƙasa da sau da yawa tare da itacen oak, spruce da sauran nau'in bishiyar. Yana girma a cikin nau'ikan dazuzzuka daban-daban akan ƙasa mai acidic, galibi a cikin tuddai da wuraren tsaunuka.
Brittle russula (Russula fragilis).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Agusta - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Faranti suna ƙunƙun mannewa, da wuya. Ruwan ruwa fari ne, mai karyewa sosai, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.
Hulu yana da shunayya ko shunayya-ja, wani lokacin koren zaitun ko ma rawaya mai haske, convex ko tawaya.
Kafar tana da fari, karye, mai siffa mai dan kadan.
Bayani game da cin abinci yana cin karo da juna. Bisa ga bayanan gida, ana iya amfani da gishiri bayan tafasa tare da zubar da broth. An yi la'akari da wanda ba za a iya ci ba a kafofin Yamma.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na coniferous da deciduous (tare da Birch) dazuzzuka, a cikin damp wurare, a gefuna, a cikin bushes.
Maire's russula (Russula mairei), mai guba.
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae).
Season: damina ta bazara
Girma: kungiyoyi kuma kadai
description:
Fadin yana da yawa, gaggauce, fari mai launi, mai kamshin zuma ko kwakwa.
Hulun ja ce mai haske, mai laushi ko lebur, mai ɗaure a cikin yanayin damina.
Kafar tana da santsi, fari, mai siffa mai dan kadan. Faranti ba safai ba ne, masu rauni, kunkuntar mannewa, fari tare da bluish.
Mafi guba na russula; yana haifar da rikicewar gastrointestinal.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka da gauraye akan ganyaye da suka faɗo har ma da ruɓaɓɓen kututtuka, akan ƙasa magudanar ruwa. An rarraba shi sosai a cikin gandun daji na kudan zuma na Turai da yankuna kusa da Asiya.
Russula kodadde buffy (Russula ochroleuca).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: karshen Agusta - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Hul ɗin yana santsi, ocher-yellow, convex, sannan yayi sujada.
ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, gaggautsa, fari, dan kadan duhu a kan yanke, tare da pungent dandano.
Tushen yana da sifar ganga, mai ƙarfi, fari, mai launin ruwan kasa. Tushen tushe ya juya launin toka tare da shekaru. Faranti suna mannewa, in mun gwada da yawa, fari.
Naman kaza da ake ci a ƙa'ida. An yi amfani da sabo (bayan tafasa) da gishiri.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Wannan naman kaza a kan tushe na bakin ciki tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa yana girma a cikin coniferous (spruce) da damp mai tsayi (tare da birch, itacen oak) dazuzzuka, a cikin gansakuka da a kan zuriyar dabbobi. Ya fi kowa a yankunan kudancin yankin gandun daji.
Russula marsh (Russula paludosa).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Hul ɗin yana da nama, madaidaici, ɗan rauni a tsakiya, tare da ƙwanƙwasa baki. Faranti suna da rauni a manne, akai-akai, wani lokacin rassa, fari ko buffy.
Fatar hular ta bushe, ja mai duhu a tsakiya, ruwan hoda mai haske tare da gefen. Itacen itace fari ne, mai yawa a cikin matasa namomin kaza, sa'an nan kuma sako-sako, tare da ƙanshin 'ya'yan itace.
Ƙafar tana da sifar kulob ko fusiform, mai wuya, wani lokacin rataye, ji, ruwan hoda ko fari.
Abincin naman kaza. An yi amfani da sabo (bayan tafasa) da gishiri.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana tsiro a cikin gandun daji na coniferous (tare da Pine) da gauraye (Pine-Birch) gandun daji, a wurare masu ɗanɗano, a gefen ciyayi, a kan ƙasa mai yashi-peat, a cikin gansakuka, a cikin blueberries.
Russula budurwa (Russula puellaris).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Agusta - Oktoba
Girma: kungiyoyi kuma kadai
description:
Naman yana da karye, fari ko rawaya. Hulba ta farko tana jujjuyawa, sannan tayi sujjada, wani lokacin ma tawaya kadan, rawaya ko launin toka-launin toka. Gefen hular bakin ciki ne, ribbed.
An ɗan faɗaɗa kututturen zuwa gindin, m, sa'an nan kuma m, gaggautsa, fari ko rawaya.
Faranti akai-akai, sirara, mannewa, fari, sannan rawaya.
Abincin naman kaza. An yi amfani da sabo (bayan tafasa).
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin coniferous kuma da wuya a cikin dazuzzukan deciduous.
Russula Turanci (Russula turci).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: Yuli-Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Hulba ruwan inabi-ja, baki ko lemu, mai sheki. Siffar hular tana da farko hemispherical, sannan tawaya. Faranti suna mannewa ne, marasa ƙarfi, fari ko rawaya.
Kafar tana da sifar kulob, fari.
Bakin ciki yana da karye, fari mai kamshi mai 'ya'yan itace.
Abincin naman kaza.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Ana samunsa a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Yana samar da mycorrhiza tare da Pine da fir.
Abincin Russula (Russula vesca).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - karshen Satumba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Hulu tana da lebur-convex, ruwan hoda, ja, launin ruwan kasa, mai launi mara kyau. Faranti suna akai-akai, tsawonsu ɗaya, fari ko rawaya.
Kara, mai yawa, kunkuntar zuwa tushe, fari. Fatar ba ta kai 1-2 mm zuwa gefen hular ba, an cire shi zuwa rabi.
Bakin ciki fari ne, mai yawa, maras caustic ko ɗan ɗanɗano ɗanɗano. Faranti akai-akai, kunkuntar manne, fari mai tsami, wani lokacin reshe mai cokali mai yatsa.
Daya daga cikin mafi dadi curds. Ana amfani da sabo ne (bayan tafasa) a cikin darussan na biyu, gishiri, pickled, bushe.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji masu tsayi da fadi (tare da Birch, itacen oak) gandun daji, sau da yawa a cikin coniferous, a wurare masu haske, a cikin ciyawa.
Russula virescens (Russula virescens).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - tsakiyar Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kungiyance
description:
Tushen fari ne, tare da ma'auni mai launin ruwan kasa a gindi.
Hat ɗin mai nama ne, matte, rawaya ko shuɗi-kore, a cikin ƙananan namomin kaza na hemispherical. Hat na balagagge namomin kaza suna sujada. Ba a cire fata ba, sau da yawa fashe.
Bakin ciki fari ne, mai yawa, maras caustic ko ɗan ɗanɗano ɗanɗano. Faranti akai-akai, kunkuntar manne, fari mai tsami, wani lokacin cokali mai yatsa.
Daya daga cikin mafi dadi curds. An yi amfani da sabo (bayan tafasa), gishiri, pickled, bushe.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin dazuzzuka, gauraye (tare da Birch, itacen oak) dazuzzuka, a wurare masu haske. An rarraba a yankunan kudancin yankin gandun daji.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
Hat ɗin yana da faɗi, burgundy, launin ruwan kasa ko zaitun a launi, duhu a tsakiya.
Naman fari ne, yana juya launin ruwan kasa a kan yanke, tare da jatan lande ko kamshi. Faranti suna manne, fari, suna juya launin ruwan kasa tare da shekaru.
Tushen fari ne, wani lokacin tare da launin ja, ya zama ocher ko launin ruwan kasa tare da shekaru. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙananan namomin kaza suna hemispherical.
Ana amfani da gishiri, pickled, wani lokacin sabo ne (bayan tafasa don cire wani wari mara kyau).
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na coniferous (Pine da spruce), deciduous (Birch da itacen oak) gandun daji.
Sauran namomin kaza masu siriri
Farin podgruzdok (Russula delica).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: cikin kungiyoyi
description:
Hul ɗin yana daɗaɗawa da farko, fari, ya zama mai siffa mai siffar mazurari tare da shekaru, wani lokaci yana fashe. Faranti suna jujjuyawa, kunkuntar, fari tare da launin shuɗi-kore.
Ƙafar tana da yawa, fari, ɗan kunkuntar ƙasa kuma ɗan launin ruwan kasa.
Ruwan ruwa fari ne, mai yawa, ba za a iya ci ba.
Kyakkyawan naman kaza mai cin abinci, ana amfani da gishiri (bayan tafasa).
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Wannan naman kaza mai tsayi mai tsayi yana girma a cikin deciduous da gauraye (tare da Birch, Aspen, itacen oak) gandun daji, sau da yawa a cikin coniferous (tare da spruce). Wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin rayuwa na jikin 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa a karkashin kasa; dunƙule kawai ake iya gani a saman.
Blackening podgrudok (Russula nigricans).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: tsakiyar Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: cikin kungiyoyi
description:
An matsa hula a tsakiya, launin toka a cikin matasa, sannan launin ruwan kasa. Faranti ba su da yawa, kauri, mannewa, rawaya, sannan launin ruwan kasa, daga baya kusan baki.
Naman da aka yanke ya fara ja, sannan ya yi baki, kamshi yana da 'ya'ya, dandano yana da kaifi.
Ƙafar tana da ƙarfi, a farkon haske, sannan ta juya launin ruwan kasa da baki.
Naman kaza da ake ci a ƙa'ida. Ana amfani da gishiri bayan tafasa don minti 20. Baki cikin gishiri.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Yana girma a cikin coniferous (tare da spruce), gauraye, deciduous da fadi-leaved (tare da Birch, itacen oak) dazuzzuka
Valui (Russula foetens).
Iyali: Russula (Russulaceae)
Season: farkon Yuli - Oktoba
Girma: shi kadai kuma a kananan kungiyoyi
description:
A hula na matasa namomin kaza ne kusan mai siffar zobe, tare da gefen guga man zuwa kara, mucous. Hul ɗin yana daɗaɗawa, wani lokaci yana yin sujada kuma yana baƙin ciki a tsakiya, tuberculate, tare da gefu, bushe ko ɗan ɗanɗano, launin ruwan kasa. Kwari da slugs ne ke cinye hular. Gefen hular yana da ƙarfi ribbed, furrowed wani lokacin fashe.
Ƙafafun yana kumbura ko cylindrical, sau da yawa yana kunkuntar zuwa tushe, fari, rawaya, launin ruwan kasa a gindi. Sau da yawa wani ruwa mai haske da tabo mai launin ruwan kasa ana iya gani akan faranti bayan sun bushe. Faranti suna da wuya, kunkuntar, sau da yawa cokali mai yatsu, mannewa, rawaya. yana samun tsarin salula.
A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m, wuya, fari, sa'an nan yellowish, a balagagge namomin kaza shi ne gaggautsa, tare da herring wari da m dandano. A cikin balagagge namomin kaza, wani tsatsa na ciki yana samuwa a cikin kafa.
Naman kaza da za a iya ci a yanayin yanayi; dauke da inedable a Yamma. Yawancin lokaci, ana girbe matasa namomin kaza tare da hular da ba a buɗe ba tare da diamita wanda bai wuce 6 cm ba. Ana cire fata daga valui kuma bayan jiƙa na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 kuma a tafasa na minti 20-25. gishiri, da wuya marinated.
Ecology da rarrabawa:
Wannan naman kaza mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana samar da mycorrhiza tare da bishiyun coniferous da bishiyu. Yana girma a cikin gandun daji, gauraye (tare da Birch), sau da yawa a cikin coniferous, a gefen gandun daji, a gefuna, a cikin ciyawa da a kan zuriyar dabbobi. Yana son inuwa, wurare masu dauri. Yana da yawa a cikin dazuzzuka a cikin Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka, a cikin ƙasarmu ya fi yawa a ɓangaren Turai, Caucasus, Yammacin Siberiya da Gabas mai Nisa.