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Salaka, da Baltic herring kifi ne, wani nau'i na herring Atlantic daga dangin sunan daya. A cikin bayyanar - wakilci na al'ada na herring. Kifin yana da jiki mai siffa mai siffa da kuma babban kai mai kama da manyan idanu. Baki yana da matsakaici, akwai ƙananan hakora masu kaifi akan vomer. A cikin teku, herring yana samar da garken gida, wanda zai iya bambanta a wurin zama da lokacin haifuwa. Kifayen da ke zaune a bakin tekun Jamus ko Sweden sun ɗan fi girma kuma suna iya kai girman cm 35, amma waɗannan nau'ikan kifin iri ɗaya ne masu saurin girma. Kusa da bakin tekun Baltic Baltic herring ya fi karami kuma da wuya ya wuce 14-16 cm tsayi. Baltic herring kifi ne na ruwa, amma cikin sauƙi yana jure wa tsatsauran ra'ayi da ruwan ƙanƙara na Baltic bays. An san yawan naman sa a cikin tabkuna masu ruwa a Sweden. Hijira da kuma yanayin rayuwa na kifaye kai tsaye sun dogara ne akan tsarin zafin jiki na teku. Salaka kifi ne mai ƙwanƙwasa wanda babban abincinsa shine invertebrates da ke zaune a saman sama da tsakiyar ruwa. Kifin yana manne da buɗaɗɗen wurare na teku, amma a cikin bazara yakan zo bakin teku don neman abinci, amma idan ruwan tekun ya yi zafi sosai, yakan je wurare masu zurfi kuma suna iya zama a tsakiyar ruwan. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, kifin yana ƙaura daga bakin tekun kuma yana manne da ruwan ƙasa. A cikin neman zooplankton, Baltic herring yana gasa tare da sprats da sauran ƙananan nau'o'in, amma manyan mutane na iya canzawa zuwa cin 'yan sanda da yara na wasu nau'in. A lokaci guda kuma, herring kanta abinci ne na yau da kullun ga manyan nau'ikan, irin su salmon Baltic, cod, da sauransu.
Hanyoyin kamun kifi
Ana gudanar da kamun kifi na masana'antu tare da kayan masarufi. Amma kamun kifi mai son mai son ya shahara sosai kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi duka daga bakin teku da kuma daga jiragen ruwa. Babban hanyoyin kamun kifi shine magance ƙugiya da yawa kamar "zalunci" da sauransu. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna ba da shawara ta amfani da farar fata ko rawaya.
Kama herring tare da dogon simintin sanduna
Yawancin sunayen rigs masu ƙugiya masu yawa na iya samun sunaye daban-daban, kamar "cascade", "herringbone" da sauransu, amma a zahiri, suna kama da juna kuma suna iya maimaita juna gaba ɗaya. Babban bambance-bambance na iya bayyana ne kawai a yanayin kamun kifi daga bakin teku ko daga jiragen ruwa, galibi a gaban sanduna daban-daban ko rashin su. Ana kama herring na Baltic sau da yawa daga bakin teku, don haka ya fi dacewa don kamun kifi da dogayen sanduna tare da "gudun gudu". Gabaɗaya, yawancin rigs suna kama da juna, don haka shawarwarin gabaɗaya don kamun kifi tare da kayan ƙugiya da yawa sun dace. Kamun kifi don "zalunci", duk da sunan, wanda yake a fili daga asalin Rasha, ya yadu sosai kuma ana amfani dashi a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai ƙananan bambance-bambancen yanki, amma ka'idar kamun kifi iri ɗaya ce a ko'ina. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa babban bambanci tsakanin rigs yana da alaƙa da girman ganima. Da farko, ba a ba da amfani da kowane sanduna ba. An raunata wasu adadin igiya a kan reel na siffar sabani, dangane da zurfin kamun kifi, zai iya kaiwa mita dari da yawa. An daidaita madaidaicin madaidaicin nauyi har zuwa 400 g a ƙarshen, wani lokacin tare da madauki a ƙasa don tabbatar da ƙarin leash. Ana gyara leashes akan igiya, galibi, a cikin adadin kusan guda 10-15. Ana iya yin leash da kayan aiki, dangane da kamawar da aka yi niyya. Zai iya zama ko dai monofilament ko kayan gubar ƙarfe ko waya. Ya kamata a fayyace cewa kifin teku ba shi da ƙarancin "finicky" zuwa kauri daga cikin kayan aiki, don haka zaka iya amfani da monofilaments masu kauri (0.5-0.6 mm). Game da sassan ƙarfe na kayan aiki, musamman ma ƙugiya, yana da kyau a tuna cewa dole ne a rufe su tare da maganin lalata, saboda ruwan teku yana lalata karafa da sauri. A cikin sigar "classic", "mai zalunci" an sanye shi da baits, tare da gashin fuka-fukan da aka haɗe, zaren woolen ko sassa na kayan haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da kari, kananan spinners, bugu da žari kafaffen beads, beads, da dai sauransu. ana amfani da su wajen kamun kifi. A cikin nau'ikan zamani, lokacin da ake haɗa sassan kayan aiki, ana amfani da daban-daban swivels, zobba, da sauransu. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in, amma yana iya cutar da ƙarfin sa. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da abin dogara, kayan aiki masu tsada. A kan jiragen ruwa na musamman don kamun kifi a kan "zalunci", za a iya samar da na'urori na musamman na kan jirgin don reling kaya. Wannan yana da amfani sosai lokacin kamun kifi a zurfin zurfi. Idan kamun kifi ya faru daga kankara ko jirgin ruwa, a kan ƙananan ƙananan layi, to, reels na yau da kullum sun isa, wanda zai iya zama gajeren sanduna. Lokacin amfani da sandunan kan jirgi tare da zoben kayan aiki ko gajerun sandunan kaɗe-kaɗe na teku, matsala ta taso wacce ta dace da duk na'urori masu ƙugiya masu yawa tare da jujjuyawar na'urar lokacin kunna kifin. Lokacin kama kananan kifi, ana magance wannan rashin jin daɗi ta hanyar amfani da sanduna 6-7 m tsayi, da kuma lokacin kama manyan kifi, ta iyakance adadin leashes "aiki". A kowane hali, lokacin da ake shirya maganin kamun kifi, babban leitmotif ya kamata ya zama dacewa da sauƙi yayin kamun kifi. Ka'idar kamun kifi abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, bayan an saukar da mai nutsewa a tsaye a tsaye zuwa zurfin da aka kayyade, angler yana yin takalmi na lokaci-lokaci, bisa ga ka'idar walƙiya ta tsaye. A cikin yanayin cizon aiki, wannan, wani lokacin, ba a buƙata. "Saukarwa" kifaye akan ƙugiya na iya faruwa a lokacin da rage kayan aiki ko daga filin jirgin ruwa.
Wuraren kamun kifi da wurin zama
Babban mazaunin herring, kamar yadda ake iya gani daga sunan na biyu, shine Tekun Baltic. Yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa Baltic, a gaba ɗaya, ruwa ne mai zurfi da ƙarancin gishiri, yawancin al'ummar herring suna zaune a cikin wuraren da ba su da tushe kamar Finnish, Curonian, Kaliningrad da sauransu. A cikin hunturu, kifaye suna manne da sassa masu zurfi na tafki kuma suyi nisa daga bakin tekun. Kifin yana jagorantar hanyar rayuwa mai ban mamaki, yana ƙaura zuwa yankunan bakin teku na teku don neman abinci da kuma hayayyafa.
Ciyarwa
Akwai manyan nau'ikan herring guda biyu, waɗanda suka bambanta a lokacin haɓaka: kaka da bazara. Kifin yana girma ta jima'i a cikin shekaru 2-4. Spring herring spawns a cikin bakin teku yankin a zurfin 5-7 m. Lokacin shuka shine Mayu-Yuni. Autumn, spawns a watan Agusta-Satumba, yana faruwa a zurfin zurfi. Ya kamata a lura cewa tseren kaka kadan ne.