Don Koriya

A cikin yanayi, fir na Koriya yana zaune a wurare masu tsaunuka a kudancin yankin Koriya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana samun shi a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye tare da Ayan spruce da Erman Birch (1).

Irin fir na Koriya

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa ba kowane fir na Koriya ya dace da gidajen rani ba. Duka a bayyanar da hali. Iri da iri sun bambanta da yawa a cikin girman, launi na allura da cones, siffar kambi. Amma wannan a zahiri ne, duk da haka, fir na Koriya kuma yana da fasali na ciki. Wasu nau'ikan suna da tsayayya da sanyi da fari, yayin da wasu sun fi taushi, suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai. Wasu suna buƙatar siffa, kuma wasu suna kiyaye kyakkyawan siffar su tsawon shekaru.

Duk waɗannan tsire-tsire kuma suna da kaddarorin gama gari: allura marasa daidaituwa masu laushi tare da zagaye maimakon tukwici masu kaifi da ban mamaki, ba rataye ba, amma madaidaicin mazugi. Lokacin zabar shuka, lallai ya kamata ku kula da fasalin rukunin yanar gizon kuma, ba shakka, abubuwan da kuke so. Anan akwai nau'ikan da aka fi sani.

Silberlock

Сilberlock (Silberlocke). Wannan nau'in yana da siffar mazugi mai ma'ana tare da diamita kambi a gindin kusan 3 m, tsayi bai wuce 5 m ba. Yana girma da 8 cm a kowace shekara. Haushi mai launin toka na bishiyar da ta balaga tana haifar da fashe ja-launin ruwan kasa masu kyan gani. Bakin ciki mai launin rawaya na ƙananan harbe suna canza launi zuwa shuɗi akan lokaci.

Wanene zai so shi. Ga wadanda har yanzu ba su da irin katin ziyartar shafin, wannan babban lafazin wanda nan da nan ya kama ido kuma ana tunawa da shi na dogon lokaci. Wannan shuka ce da aka fi so na lambu, masu shimfidar wurare, saboda da yawa daga cikinsu suna girmama mawaƙin Jamus Günther Horstmann, wanda ya kawo wannan iri-iri a tsakiyar 80s na ƙarni na ƙarshe.

Abin mamaki. Da alama an rufe fir na Silverlock cikin sanyi ko da a ranakun dumi. Kuma duk saboda allura masu laushi suna canza launi - daga kore mai haske a cikin akwati zuwa launin shuɗi mai haske zuwa ƙarshen reshe. Alluran suna lanƙwasa a karkace kuma da alama duk bishiyar tana sheki. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa sunan, duk da haka, tare da wasu shimfiɗa za a iya fassara shi daga Turanci a matsayin curl na azurfa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas, a cikin bazara, wani kayan ado ya bayyana a kan fir - manyan cones masu launin shuɗi (7 × 3 cm) a cikin nau'i na mazugi ko silinda, suna jingina kamar kyandirori na Sabuwar Shekara.

Inda za a shuka. Babu wani wuri mafi kyau ga Silberlok fiye da kusa da wani tsauni mai kyau ko a tsakiyar gadon fure, wani lawn mai kyau, a bankin wani tafki na wucin gadi. Fir yana da kyau tare da barberry, thuja, juniper. Idan makircin yana da girma, yana da asali don sanya bishiyoyi irin su abin wuya mai daraja a kusa da ƙaramin sharewa ko tare da hanyoyi da hanyoyi.

Yadda ake kulawa. Silberlok yana jin daɗi a wurin rana har ma a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kiyaye fir daga iska mai ƙarfi da zayyana. Bayan kowace matsakaiciyar ruwa, dole ne a sassauta ƙasa da ɓawon ƙasa.

Diamond

Mai girma. Wannan tsiron dwarf ne wanda zai iya jure yanayin mafi tsananin ba tare da rasa kyawunsa ba. Tsawon da aka saba shine 30 - 50 cm, amma wannan shine yadda fir mai shekaru biyar ya zama, godiya ga karuwar shekara ta 4 cm. Allura daga 8 zuwa 20 mm, kore mai haske tare da ƙananan, ratsi na tsayin tsayi. Kambi yana cikin nau'i na matashin kai ko ball tare da diamita wanda bai wuce 0,8 m ba. An yi ado da fir tare da cones na oval, wanda ya juya daga lilac zuwa launin ruwan kasa na tsawon lokaci. Tushen kusa da farfajiya. Fir yana rayuwa shekaru 300-400.

Wanene zai so shi. Masu sha'awar ƙamshi masu ƙamshi, saboda alluran fir suna fitar da wari mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa tare da tint lemun tsami. Fir zai sha'awa da aesthetes, tabbas ba za su daina samun shuka daya ba. Masu tarawa na conifers ba za su ƙi irin wannan Koriya ba, saboda daji zai zama ainihin lu'u-lu'u a cikin tarin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire. Fir kuma zai yi kira ga waɗanda ke fama da rashin barci ko ƙaura mai yawa a matsayin mai warkarwa mai tasiri, wanda aka dasa a cikin wani kusurwa na musamman na shakatawa da yada phytoncides na warkewa a kusa.

Abin mamaki. Bugu da ƙari, duk sauran fa'idodin da ke haɗa fir na Koriya, wannan nau'in ba na wucin gadi ba ne, wanda masu shayarwa suka halitta, amma na halitta, na farko, kowane reshe wanda aka fara yanke shi ta hannun ganuwa mai hoto.

Inda za a shuka. Lu'u-lu'u na iya girma duka a cikin inuwa da kuma a cikin rana, a zahiri ya dace da kowane wuri, godiya ga ƙaƙƙarfan tushen tushen sa yana samun sauƙi cikin ƙananan tukwane da tukwane. Yawancin lokaci ana shigar da na ƙarshe a bangarorin biyu na ƙofofin shiga wurin ko terrace. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa fir yana kawar da mugunta kuma yana jawo alheri da farin ciki ga gida da wurin. Jaririn fir yana da kyau sosai a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara na dutse. Ya fi son ƙasa tare da babban acidity, don haka ramin dasa an rufe shi da babban peat (20 kg a kowace 1 sq. M).

Yadda ake kulawa. Don lokacin hunturu a tsakiyar layin, daji ba za a iya rufe shi ba, tunda yana jure sanyi har zuwa -29 ° C, duk da haka, zafi mai ƙarfi da tsayin zafi ba shi da kyau a gare shi sannan yana da daraja sanyaya shi tare da yayyafawa ko hazo na wucin gadi ( idan akwai irin wannan shigarwa).

Molly

Molly (taushi). Shuka wanda ke rayuwa tsawon shekaru 300, wanda zai iya girma har zuwa 4 m kuma ya kai diamita na kambi na 3 m. Amma bishiyar ba za ta ji daɗin irin waɗannan girma ba nan da nan, yayin da yake girma a hankali - ta 6 - 7 cm a tsayi a kowace shekara.

Wanene zai so shi. Molly yana da kyau ga waɗanda ba su san yadda ko ba sa son yin rikici tare da pruning, saboda ba ta buƙatar siffatawa. Kyawawan da aka kwatanta, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba zai taɓa rasa siffar mazugi tare da kambi na dala ba kuma ya harbe girma zuwa sama.

Abin mamaki. Duhun kore mai laushi gajerun allura (2 - 3 cm) suna haskakawa, kamar an rufe shi da sheki. Daga ƙasa, kowace allura tana da azurfa saboda raƙuman haske guda biyu. Cones (5,5x2 cm) da farko shuɗi ne mai launin shuɗi, amma lokacin da suka girma, sai su juya launin ruwan kasa a cikin shekarar farko, kuma suna faɗi ta kakar wasa ta biyu.

Inda za a shuka. Molly ita ce fir guda ɗaya, mai kyau kamar itace mai 'yanci, nesa da hanyoyi don kada wanda ya taɓa rassan rassan rassan da sauƙi. A cikin shinge, shuka kuma za ta yi aiki da kyau godiya ga kambi mai yawa, ko da yake ba ya jure wa shading da kyau - yana shimfiɗawa da lankwasa.

Yadda ake kulawa. Shuka a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, mai laushi, sako-sako, ƙasa mai acidic. Zaɓi wuri sau ɗaya kuma don duka, saboda shuka ba ta jure wa dasawa ba. Ruwa a matsakaici, saboda Molly yana fama da fari sosai. Tsari don lokacin sanyi daga sanyi, iska, kunar rana a bazara da canjin yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi.

Sarkin sarakuna blue

Sarkin sarakuna blue (BlueSarkin sarakuna). Dwarf iri-iri har zuwa 1,5 m a tsayi da nisa. Kambi- matashin kai na siffar da ba ta dace ba, tana rarrafe tare da ƙasa. Babu wani harbi na tsakiya, duk rassan suna yaduwa kuma suna girma 5-8 cm kowace shekara.

Alluran su ne azurfa-blue, alluran gajere ne, an yi musu ado da ratsan farar fata guda biyu a ƙasa, ɗan zagaye kaɗan a ƙarshen kamar ganye.

Wanene zai so shi. Ga masu ƙananan filaye, Blue Emperor yana da kyau. Ba ya ɗaukar sarari da yawa kuma ana iya dasa shi a matsakaici idan ya girma da yawa.

Abin mamaki. Duban sama, kamar sauran fir na Koriya, shuɗin shuɗi ko shunayya na wannan shrub suna bayyana da yawa mai ban mamaki har ma akan tsire-tsire matasa. An ɗora su a cikin ellipse 4-7 cm tsayi, kuma an lanƙwasa ma'aunin sutura, kamar furanni na katako. Blue Sarkin sarakuna ne resistant zuwa fungal cututtuka da kuma m yanayi. Banda shi ne gurbatar gas da hayaki, daji ba ya jurewa.

Inda za a shuka. Sarkin sarakuna Blue zai yi ado da ƙaramin tsari na fure, lambun dutse, lambun a cikin salon gabas. Babban abu shi ne cewa gareji ya tsaya.

Yadda ake kulawa. Ana shayar da wannan fir da karimci ta yayyafawa cikin zafi. Shekaru 3 na farko bayan dasa shuki, ana rufe bushes don hunturu da lokacin sanyi na bazara, kuma ƙasa tana ciyawa.

Kohouts Icebreaker

Icebreaker na Kohout. Wannan kuma ƙananan iri-iri ne, yana da nau'i na matashin kai mai yawa tare da diamita wanda bai wuce 1,0 - 1,2 m ba. Da shekaru 10, ba ya wuce 30 cm tsayi, ko da yake ya kai iyakar 50 - 80 cm. An ba shi suna bayan mahaliccin iri-iri, mai shayarwa na Jamus . An fassara sunan daga Jamusanci a matsayin "Kogout's icebreaker".

Wanene zai so shi. Shrub zai yi kira ga duk wanda ke son sabon abu, almubazzaranci, mai rikitarwa. Wadanda ke zaune a wuraren da tsananin sanyi na hunturu su ma za su ji daɗin wannan fir, saboda yana jure wa sanyi sosai, amma ba iska ba.

Abin mamaki. Kohouts Icebreaker da alama an yayyafa shi da ƙananan kankara kuma a cikin zafi tare da duk bayyanarsa yana kawo sanyi. An halicci ra'ayi ta hanyar allura mai laushi da gajere, 2 cm kowannensu, yana da karfi da lankwasa zuwa sama, wanda ya nuna ƙananan gefen azurfa-blue. Abubuwan da ba a sani ba na allura suna nuna cewa waɗannan guntun kankara ne. Cute Cones-kyandirori suna da girman 6 × 3 cm.

Inda za a shuka. Mafi kyawun wuri shine lambun dutsen Jafananci akan ƙasa mai ƙarancin acidity. Mai rocker ma zai yi. Bugu da ƙari, a yau yana da kyau don sanya ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa a cikin kwantena na ado, tubs masu zane da furanni, sanya su a kan terraces, lawns, kusa da gazebos.

Yadda ake kulawa. A cikin zafi, kuna buƙatar yin ruwa akai-akai a matsakaici. In ba haka ba, wannan fir ba ya haifar da matsala.

Dasa fir na Koriya

Zai fi kyau a matsar da fir na Koriya a cikin ƙasa buɗe lokacin da yake aƙalla shekaru 3-4, kuma kafin hakan ya kasance a cikin kwantena a gida ko a cikin greenhouse. Yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suke matasa, suna da matukar damuwa, kuma duk wani ɗan daftarin aiki zai iya kashe su. Wadannan sha'awar a farkon rayuwarsu ba za su jure damuna ba, ko ta yaya za ku rufe su. Amma lokacin da suke da ƙarfi da taurare, suna ci gaba sosai a cikin layin tsakiya da kuma yankin Moscow. Kuma a Gabas mai Nisa, gabaɗaya za su kasance masu ban mamaki, tunda kusa da wurin shine wurin haifuwar fir - Koriya da mafi girma, tsibirin dutse mai aman wuta na UNESCO Jeju - matattarar waɗannan tsire-tsire.

Seedlings na yawancin nau'ikan suna buƙatar wurare masu inuwa da kwanciyar hankali, waɗanda aka zaɓa sau ɗaya kuma duka, saboda dasawa galibi yana da wahalar jurewa. Idan tushen nau'in nau'in yana da karfi da yadawa a cikin fadi, to kada a kasance maƙwabta a kusa. Suna barin nisa na 4-5 m tsakanin manyan bishiyoyi masu girma a cikin tudu, 3-3,5 m a cikin rukunoni maras kyau da 2,5 m a cikin tsire-tsire masu yawa. Tushen wuyansa ya kamata ya kasance a matakin ƙasa, sabili da haka, saboda ƙarancin ƙasa, ana sanya seedling daga baya don tushen tushen ya kasance 10-20 cm sama da saman. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga manya.

Ana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai gina jiki tare da ƙarancin acidity. Kodayake akwai keɓancewa, yana da mahimmanci a bi shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin bayanin wani nau'i na musamman.

A cikin ƙananan wurare, ana shirya tudun fir don kada ruwa ya tsaya. Da farko, sun tono rami mai zurfin 70 cm, diamita ya dogara da girman kambi. An shimfiɗa bulo da aka karye, yashi ko yumbu mai faɗi, sannan Layer na ƙasan lambun da peat. Tushen seedling da cututtukan fungal ana tsoma su na rabin sa'a a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate.

An dasa seedling a kan tudun da aka yi a tsakiyar rami, an rarraba tushen a tarnaƙi, an rufe shi da ƙasa, ƙaddamarwa. Nan da nan shayar da shuka, ciyar da 2 buckets na ruwa. Ciyawa dasa shuki tare da sawdust ko busassun needles. Ana yin shayarwa kowace rana har sai sabbin allura sun bayyana. To, to kamar yadda ake bukata.

Koriya fir kula

Ana shayar da fir na Koriya da ruwa a matsakaici, sau 3 a kowace kakar, sau biyu a wata a lokacin fari, kuma ana amfani da yayyafawa a lokacin zafi. Sake da ciyawa ƙasa akai-akai.

A cikin shekaru 3 - ba kafin! - fir yana hadi tare da hadadden taki don conifers, misali, Florovit, wanda shine ruwa, aerosol da granular. Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka - Fertika don conifers, Bona Forte coniferous, Aquarin coniferous. Maimaita manyan sutura sau ɗaya a shekara.

Yanke kambi lokacin da ya zama dole don cire bushes, cututtuka da rassan da suka lalace. Mafi kyawun lokacin hanya shine farkon bazara, kafin kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Matasa firs don hunturu ana kiyaye su tare da garkuwa, an nannade su da agrofibre. Manya ba sa tsoron sanyi, amma wani lokacin ana sanya kayan kwalliya a ƙarƙashin manyan rassan don kada su karye a ƙarƙashin hular dusar ƙanƙara.

Kiwon fir na Koriya

Akwai hanyoyi 3 don yada fir na Koriya da kuka fi so. Gaskiya ne, ba duka ba ne na duniya, dace da kowane iri-iri.

Tsaba. Ana fitar da iri daga cikin mazugi da ke buɗewa a cikin kaka kuma a ajiye su har tsawon wata ɗaya a cikin ƙaramin zafin jiki na ƙasa da sifili don saurin germination. Sa'an nan kuma ana jiƙa su na rana ɗaya a cikin ruwan dumi, ana shuka su a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa maras kyau zuwa zurfin 2 cm, an rufe shi da fim kuma sanya shi a wuri mai dumi. Bayan makonni 3, harbe sun bayyana, wanda, a tsayin 10 cm, ana dasa su cikin kwantena daban har tsawon shekaru 3. Wannan hanya ta dace, misali, don Silberlok, Blue Emperor.

Yankewa. A watan Afrilu, an yanke yankan na 10-20 cm a kusurwa daga harbe na shekara-shekara, wanda dole ne ya sami babban toho da diddige (wani yanki na haushi), an cire allura daga ƙasa ta hanyar 2-3 cm, ana kiyaye shi a cikin maganin Kornevin. na kwana daya da binne a cikin yashi a wani kusurwa na 45 °. Ana adana yankan a ƙarƙashin fim a cikin greenhouse na tsawon watanni 4, kuma tuni tare da tushen an tura su zuwa tukwane ɗaya tare da cakuda yashi da peat don girma. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin shekara suna shirye don ɗaukar wurin su a cikin filin bude.

Yadudduka. Ƙananan rassan, tun da yake a cikin nau'i-nau'i da yawa suna kusan rarrafe tare da ƙasa, sunkuyar da ƙasa, ɗaure tare da majajjawa ko slingshots kuma yayyafa da 5 cm na ƙasa. A lokacin kakar, harbe suna ba da tushen. Bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu, ana raba yadudduka a hankali, a dasa su kuma ana kula da su kamar ƙananan tsire-tsire.

Hanyoyin 2 na ƙarshe sun dace da firs daga abin da yake da wuya ko ba zai yiwu ba don samun tsaba (Kohouts Icebreaker), da kuma daga hybrids (Molly).

Cututtukan fir na Koriya

fir na Koriya yana da juriya ga cututtuka, kuma idan yana shan wahala, kawai tare da kulawa mara kyau ko rashin kulawa. Wuce kima danshi ne fraught tare da Rotting na tushen da yiwuwar mutuwar shuka. Rana mai ƙarfi da haske mai haske yana haifar da alamun jajayen tankuna akan allura waɗanda ba a kiyaye su cikin lokaci.

Cututtukan fungal suna faruwa ba kawai saboda zubar ruwa ba, har ma saboda kambi mai yawa. Suna bayyana a matsayin launin ruwan kasa a kan shuka, allurar sun juya launin rawaya, crumble. Wajibi ne a cire wuraren da ba su da lafiya, maiko sassan tare da filin lambu ko bio-balm Robin green, Gum, RanNet paste, rosin, acrylic ko fenti mai da fesa shuka tare da cakuda Bordeaux (2).

Ma'abota girmamawa na Koriya ta Koriya da masu tarawa suna aiwatar da rigakafin da ba dole ba ne game da cututtuka: a farkon bazara ana fesa su tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe (HOM, Abiga Peak, blue vitriol) kuma an dasa su a hankali.

Koriya fir kwari

A cikin ƙasarmu, manyan abokan gaba 3 na fir na Koriya suna cin zarafi. Suna bayyana ne kawai inda ba a cika ingantattun yanayin rayuwa ga matan Koriya ba.

Hamisa (3). Wannan ƙananan kwarin (2 mm) yana shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsire-tsire masu tasowa. A gaskiya ma, aphid ne. Ba za ku nan da nan lura da kwari, amma burbushin kasancewar su a fili bayyane: fari, kamar auduga fluff, kazalika da galls kama bumps, ta hanyar, quite m.

Wani sabon hadadden magani akan Hamisa – Pinocid (2). Ana fesa allura tare da maganin aiki (2 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa), ana kashewa daga lita 1 zuwa 5, dangane da shekaru da girman bishiyar. Irin wannan magani na rana yana kawar da kwaro.

Sauran magungunan da suka dace da Hamisa sune Kaisar, Basalo, Confidor, Aktara, Prestige, Rogor. Ma'adinan mai yana ba da sakamako mai kyau, wanda ke narkar da farar fata kuma ya sa tsutsa ta zama mai rauni.

Spruce asu. Kwarin da ke da fuka-fuki shi kansa ba ya da ban tsoro kamar caterpillars, waɗanda ke cinye ƙarshen harbe, bayan sun bushe.

Ana karkaɗe katar, ana tattarawa kuma ana lalata su da hannu. Ana fesa tsire-tsire da nicotine sulfate da sabulu, kuma ana yanke rassan da suka lalace kuma suna ƙonewa a cikin fall.

Leaflet. Karamin malam buɗe ido (har zuwa 2,5 cm) yana ciyar da ruwan aphid, amma caterpillar mai gashi mai bushewa, farar rawaya-kore, sannan zuma mai duhu, yana cutar da fir kai tsaye. Fitowa daga cikin buds, ta nannade iyakar harbe tare da cobwebs kuma ta ci matasa allura. Yawancin nau'ikan suna parasitize a kan firs - tsutsotsi mai kitse, ƙwaro allura, toho, iri iri, da kuma ja- da baki mai kai.

A cikin bazara, kuma idan akwai mai yawa leaflets, to, a lokacin rani an fesa fir ko dai tare da Fufanon (2) ko Actellik, Decis Profi, Kemifos, Walƙiya, Kwamandan, Spark, Inta-vir.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi magana game da fir na Koriya tare da сzabe, dan takara

Kimiyyar Noma Valentina Kokareva.

Tushen

1. Bishiyoyi da shrubs na USSR. Wild, noma da kuma alƙawarin gabatarwa / Ed. kundin S.Ya. Sokolov da BK Shishkin. // M-L.: Gidan Buga na Kwalejin Kimiyya na USSR, 1949. -TI Gymnosperms. – 464 shafi
2. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
3. Zerova M., Mamontova V., Ermolenko V., Dyakonchuk L., Sinev S., Kozlov M. Gall-forming kwari na noma da daji shuke-shuke na Turai na Tarayyar Soviet. Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera // Kyiv, 1991.