furen hippeastrum

Hippeastrum shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire daga dangin Amaryllis. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin daji a cikin wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi na Amurka gami da dajin Amazon. 

Wakilan wannan jinsin sun zo Turai a cikin karni na XNUMX. Yawancin su an yi amfani da su a cikin kiwo, sun ketare juna, kuma a sakamakon haka, waɗancan hippeastrums waɗanda muke girma a gida an gano su ta hanyar botanists azaman nau'in jinsin daban-daban - hybrid hippeastrum. 

Na farko matasan ya bayyana a 1799. A tsakiyar karni na 100th, akwai game da 1500 daga cikinsu. Kuma a halin yanzu, fiye da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) a cikin duniya (1) kuma da dama daga cikin su an haife su a Ƙasar mu (2).

Yanayi don girma furen hippeastrum

Hippeastrum tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara. Kuma ba kamar yawancin furanni na cikin gida ba, yana da lokacin barci. Zagayowar rayuwarsa kamar haka:

• hippeastrum blooms (daga farkon bayyanar kibiya zuwa bushewar furanni) - kimanin watanni 1,5;
• hippeastrum girma (a wannan lokacin yana da ganye kawai) - kimanin watanni 7,5 - 8,5;
• lokacin hutawa - 2 - 3 watanni. 

A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin dormant na hippeastrum yana daga Oktoba zuwa Janairu, kuma yana fure a tsakiyar hunturu. Amma idan ana so, ana iya canza waɗannan kwanakin ta hanyar daidaita ruwa da zafin jiki.

Kulawar furen Hippeastrum a gida

Gabaɗaya, kula da hippeastrum ba shi da wahala, amma idan aka ba da dormancy na shuka, yana da halaye na kansa.

Ground

Hippeastrum ya fi son ƙasa maras kyau kuma mai dausayi. Babban abun da ke ciki shine cakuda yashi kogin tare da humus, foliage da ƙasa soddy a cikin wani rabo na 2: 1: 2: 2. 

"Za ku iya amfani da ƙasa da aka shirya don tsire-tsire masu fure daga kantin sayar da kayayyaki," in ji shi Masanin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - amma ingancin su wani lokacin yana barin abubuwa da yawa da ake so, ana yin su akan peat kuma suna bushewa da sauri. Yana da kyau kada ka kasance mai kasala kuma ka yi ƙasa mai kyau da kanka.

lighting

Hippeastrum yana son haske mai yawa, amma dole ne a watsa shi, wato, ba za a iya sanya tukunyar a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi ba. Kuna iya, alal misali, ɓoye shi a bayan wasu manyan tsire-tsire waɗanda za su ɗan yi masa inuwa. 

Mafi kyawun wuri a cikin ɗaki don hippeastrum shine tagogin da ke fuskantar kudu, kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yamma.

Ruwa

Zai fi kyau a shayar da hippeastrum ba ta saman tukunyar ba, kamar sauran tsire-tsire, amma ta cikin kwanon rufi - don haka ruwan ba zai fada kai tsaye a kan kwan fitila ba, wanda zai rage hadarin lalacewa. 

Kuma yawan shayarwa ya dogara da lokacin ciyayi. 

A lokacin flowering. Hippeastrum yana buƙatar mafi yawan ruwa a lokacin furanni - yana buƙatar shayar da shi sosai, amma don ƙasa tsakanin waterings yana da lokaci don bushewa zuwa zurfin tukunya. Idan danshi ya tsaya a kasa, tushen zai fara rot, sa'an nan kuma kwan fitila.

A lokacin girma kakar. A wannan lokacin, hippeastrum yana da ganye kawai, lokacin yawanci yana daga Fabrairu zuwa Agusta-Satumba. Ya kamata a shayar da shi a matsakaici a lokacin girma - ƙasar da ke tsakanin waterings ya kamata ba kawai bushe gaba daya ba, amma kuma ya bushe har tsawon kwanaki. 

A cikin rabi na biyu na lokacin rani, ya kamata a rage yawan ruwa zuwa ƙananan - sau ɗaya kowane 2 zuwa 3 makonni zai isa, saboda shuka ya fara shirya don lokacin barci. 

Idan ka ci gaba da shayarwa, hippeastrum ba zai huta ba - zai kasance duk shekara tare da koren ganye. Amma ba zai yi fure ba. 

A lokacin barcin barci. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a watan Satumba, ganyen hippeastrum sun fara juya launin rawaya, sa'an nan kuma bushe. Kwan fitila yana hutawa kuma yayin da yake hutawa, ba lallai ba ne a shayar da shi. 

Ba lallai ba ne don cire kwan fitila daga tukunya bayan shuka ya yi ritaya, amma yana da kyau a cire tukunyar zuwa wuri mai sanyi inda zafin jiki ba zai wuce 15 ° C ba. Zaka iya, alal misali, sanya shi a ƙarƙashin gado. – iskan da ke ƙasa yawanci koyaushe ya fi sanyi. 

Amma har yanzu yana da kyau a ajiye kwan fitila a cikin yanayin sanyi - a zazzabi na 5 - 10 ° C. Wato, a cikin firiji. Amma a wannan yanayin, dole ne ku tono shi don kada ku ja tukwane a wurin.

takin mai magani

Lokacin dasawa ko dasawa hippeastrum, ba kwa buƙatar ƙara takin mai magani a cikin ƙasa - idan an shirya shi da kyau, zai sami isasshen abinci mai gina jiki a karon farko. 

Yawancin lokaci ana samun taki a cikin ƙasan kantin, don haka babu wani abu da ake buƙatar ƙara anan ko.

Ciyar

Yawancin tsire-tsire ana ciyar da su a cikin tsari ɗaya - na farko nitrogen (a lokacin girma mai aiki), sa'an nan kuma phosphorus da potassium (a lokacin flowering). Amma a cikin hippeastrum, akasin haka gaskiya ne - yana fara fure, sannan kawai ya girma ganye. Sabili da haka, tsarin ciyarwa yana canzawa - da farko sun ba shi phosphorus tare da potassium, kuma lokacin da ganye ya bayyana - nitrogen. 

Kuna iya amfani da takin ma'adinai na gargajiya don sutura hippeastrum - superphosphate biyu, potassium sulfate da urea. Suna da rahusa, amma yin amfani da su don ciyar da furanni na cikin gida yana da haɗari sosai - yana da wuyar ƙididdige adadin daidai, kuma tun da girman tukunyar ya iyakance, takin da ya wuce kima ba zai je ko'ina ba kuma zai iya ƙone tushen, ya bayyana. Masanin aikin gona Svetlana Mikhailova.

Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani mai rikitarwa don tsire-tsire masu fure - kowane zai yi. Haka ne, sun fi tsada, amma sun fi sauƙi don amfani - kawai kuna buƙatar diluted hula na bayani a cikin adadin ruwa da aka ba da shawarar. 

Ana ba da Gippeastrum sutura ta farko lokacin da kibiyar fure ta kai tsayin 15 cm. Sannan kowane mako 2 har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin rani. Bayan haka, ba a buƙatar kayan ado na sama - shuka ya kamata ya shirya don lokacin barci.

Haifuwa na furen hippeastrum a gida

Ana iya yada Hippeastrum ta hanyoyi 3. 

Yara. A cikin kwan fitila na hippeastrum, bayan lokaci, ƙananan 'ya'ya mata suna samar da kwararan fitila, waɗanda aka fi sani da yara. Abin da kawai ake buƙata shine a raba tsire-tsire lokacin dasawa da dasa su a cikin tukwane daban-daban. 

Af, dole ne a raba yara dole ne, saboda idan sun kasance, mahaifiyar kwan fitila sau da yawa ba ta yin fure. Don fure, dole ne ya kasance a cikin tukunya kadai. 

Rarraba kwan fitila. Ana yin rabon kwan fitila a ƙarshen lokacin hutu - a cikin Nuwamba-Disamba. Tsarin tsari shine:

• Dole ne a cire wani ɓangare na ƙasa daga tukunya don kawai 1/3 na kwan fitila ya rage a cikin ƙasa (yawanci ana binne shi da 2/3); 
• tare da wuka mai kaifi (don rashin haihuwa yana da amfani don shafe shi da barasa ko kunna shi a kan wuta), yanke albasa a tsaye a cikin rabi ko cikin sassa 4, amma ba gaba daya ba - kawai zuwa matakin ƙasa; 
• saka skewers na katako a kwance a cikin yanke - yana da mahimmanci cewa sassan da aka raba na kwan fitila ba su taɓa juna ba.

Bugu da ari, ana buƙatar kula da kwan fitilar da aka raba, kamar babban hippeastrum na yau da kullun. Kowane yanki yana da nasa wardi na ganye. A cikin kaka, shuka zai yi ritaya. Kuma kafin ya farka, wato, kuma a cikin Nuwamba-Disamba (zai fito daidai a cikin shekara), dole ne a yanke kwan fitila har zuwa karshen kuma a dasa kowane bangare a cikin tukunya daban. Za ku riga kuna da sababbin tsire-tsire 2 ko 4, kuma bayan rarraba, yara za su fara farawa a kowane bangare (3). 

Tsaba. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi wahala, amma a gefe guda, za ku iya samun kayan shuka da yawa fiye da lokacin rarraba kwararan fitila da dasa shuki yara. 

Domin tsaba su saita, a lokacin flowering na uwar shuka, kana bukatar ka tattara pollen daga stamens tare da auduga swab da kuma canja wurin shi zuwa pistil. Ba tare da bazuwar wucin gadi ba, ba a samar da tsaba ba. Idan akwai tsire-tsire ɗaya kawai, kuma kun yi pollinated shi tare da pollen ku, to germination iri zai zama ƙasa - a cikin 37%. Amma idan kuna da tsire-tsire guda biyu na iri ɗaya a gida, kuma kun ɗauki pollen daga ɗayan kuma ku canza ba pistil na ɗayan ba, ƙimar germination zai kasance sama da 70% (3). Idan ka pollinate daban-daban irin hippeastrums, sa'an nan zuriyar ba za su riƙe ãyõyin iyayensu. Amma siffofi masu ban sha'awa na iya bayyana, kuma kuna iya haifar da nau'in ku.

- Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba hippeastrum nan da nan bayan girbi, - ya bada shawarar Masanin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - a wannan yanayin, germination su shine iyakar. Idan sun kwanta kuma sun bushe, germination yana raguwa.

Shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena a zurfin 1 cm kuma a nesa na 2 cm daga juna, ko nan da nan a cikin tukwane daban na 1 pc. Seedlings ya kamata a shayar akai-akai da yalwa. Za a iya dasa su daga cikin akwati lokacin da ganye suka yi kyau.

Hippeastrum flower dashi a gida

Hippeastrum yana fure ne kawai a cikin tukwane masu tauri, kuma tunda kwan fitila yana girma a hankali, yakamata a dasa shuka ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3 zuwa 4 ba. 

Sabuwar tukunya ya kamata ya kasance na irin wannan diamita cewa akwai rata na 2 cm tsakanin kwan fitila da ganuwar. Yana da kyau a zabi ƙananan tukwane. Dole ne a tabbatar da sanya magudanar ruwa mai kyau - 2 - 3 cm, don kada ruwa ya tsaya a kasa a lokacin ban ruwa, kuma ƙasa ba ta juya m.

Wajibi ne a sake dasa hippeastrum tare da clod na ƙasa, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata tushen. Bayan dasawa, kwan fitila ya kamata ya tashi 1/3 sama da ƙasa. 

Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa hippeastrum shine kafin lokacin bacci ko kuma nan da nan bayan fure.

Cututtukan furen hippeastrum

A gida, hippeastrums suna rashin lafiya sau da yawa, amma har yanzu yana faruwa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, suna fama da cututtuka 3. 

Powdery mildew. Yana da sauƙin gane shi - wani farin launi yana bayyana akan ganye, kama da m. 

Magungunan rigakafi - Quadris, Privent, Strobi ko Thiovit Jet zasu taimaka wajen magance cutar.

Jajayen rube. Yana rinjayar kwararan fitila - aibobi masu ɓarna suna bayyana a kansu, tushen ya fara rot, ganye ya bushe. 

A wannan yanayin, dole ne a tono kwan fitila, a yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi, duk wuraren da suka lalace, a bushe da kyau, sannan a bi da su tare da Fundazol. Bayan haka, dole ne a dasa kwan fitila a cikin sabon tukunya, zuba ƙasa mai sabo a ciki, bayan an yi lissafin shi a cikin microwave ko a cikin tanda.

Jan wuta. Alamomin wannan kamuwa da cutar fungal sune jajayen tabo da tabo a ganye da kwararan fitila. Yayin da cutar ke tasowa, ganyen ya zama mara kyau, peduncle ya zama rauni kuma ya fado. 

A mataki na farko na cutar, shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da jan karfe - HOM ko Amila-Peak - zasu taimaka wajen magance cutar. Idan cutar ta yadu sosai, sai a yanke ganyen hippeastrum, a tono kwan fitila, a yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa zuwa nama mai lafiya, sannan a yi maganin wuraren da aka yanke tare da cakuda jan karfe sulfate da alli. (1:20). Sa'an nan kwan fitila ya kamata a bushe iska na kwanaki 7 kuma a dasa shi a cikin sabon tukunya tare da ƙasa mai laushi.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi tambayoyi mafi yawan al'ada game da hippeastrums ga mai kiwo-agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen

1. Ƙungiyar Manoman Bulb ta Royal General (KAVB) https://www.kavb.nl/zoekresultaten
2. Reut AA Sakamakon zaɓin amfanin gona na ado na perennial a Cibiyar Lambun Botanical ta Kudu Ural-Cibiyar Tarin Takardun Kimiyya na GNBS, juzu'i 147, 2018 

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/itogi-selektsii-dekorativnyh-mnogoletnih-kultur-v-yuzhno-uralskom-botanicheskom-sadu-institute/viewer

3. Cibiyar Tarayya don Ƙimar Haɗari // Sanarwar Labarai, Yuli 7.07.2007th, XNUMX

   Arkhipova IN Siffofin halittu na wakilan iyali Amaryllidaceae Jaume St.-Hil. a cikin kariyar ƙasa // karatun digiri, 2013 

   https://www.dissercat.com/content/biologicheskie-osobennosti-predstavitelei-semeistva-amaryllidaceae-jaume-st-hil-v-usloviyakh