El Konyka

Konika yana daya daga cikin shahararrun kuma mafi kyawun nau'in spruce na Kanada. Ko kuma, maye gurbi na halitta.

Kanada spruce, shi ma launin toka spruce (Picea glauca) ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka. A can ya mamaye wani yanki mai faɗi daga Labrador zuwa Alaska kuma yana girma a cikin yanayi mai tsauri, wani lokacin ma akan permafrost a cikin bazara. Wannan itaciya ce babba, tsayin mita 25-35. Kuma daya daga cikin wadannan spruces yana da maye gurbi - itacen dwarf ya girma, wanda aka gano a bakin tekun Kanada Lake Ligan a 1904. Tsawonsa ba ya wuce 3 - 4 m - wannan sau 10 kasa da na danginsa. Kuma ya kai irin wannan tsayin kawai ta hanyar shekaru 60. Girman kambi bai wuce 2 m (1 ba). Lambu na son sabon abu shuka kuma suka fara yada shi.

Konika yana girma a hankali - yana ƙara kawai 3 - 6 cm a kowace shekara. Ana lura da kololuwar girma mai aiki a cikin shekaru 6 - 7 shekaru - a wannan lokacin yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara ta 10 cm. Kuma daga shekaru 12 zuwa 15, girmansa yana raguwa sosai kuma baya wuce 2 - 3 cm a kowace kakar.

Af, Konik spruce yana da nasa maye gurbin, wanda ya zama nau'i daban-daban.

Alberta Globe. An gano maye gurbin a cikin 1967 a Holland. Wannan tsiron dwarf ne mai kambi mai siffar zobe. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, yana da diamita na kawai 30 cm. A cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, kambi ya kai tsayin 90 cm, kuma nisa har zuwa 120 cm. Alluran kore ne.

Blue Wonder (Blue Wonder). An gano wannan maye gurbi a cikin 1984 a Jamus (2). An bambanta shi daga Konika na asali ta hanyar kambi mai mahimmanci - ta hanyar shekaru 10 ba shi da girma fiye da 70 cm, tsayin bishiyoyi masu girma yana kusan 2 m, kambin kambi shine 75 cm. Amma babban bambanci shine launi na allura: yana da tint mai launin shuɗi.

Daisy's White. An samo maye gurbin a Belgium a cikin 1979. Kambi na wannan nau'in shine pyramidal, yana da shekaru 10 bai wuce 80 cm ba. Babban amfani da wannan spruce shine launi na matasa harbe: da farko sun kasance rawaya, sa'an nan kuma juya fari, sa'an nan kuma juya kore.

Dwarf (Gnom). Sauye-sauye mai saurin girma na Konik spruce - yana ba da 3-5 cm na girma kowace shekara. Launi na allura shine launin toka-kore.

Laurin An gano shi a cikin 1950 a Jamus. Maye gurbin Dwarf, yana girma a hankali, yana ba da karuwa kawai 1,5 - 2,5 cm a kowace shekara. Kambi yana sujada. Alluran kore ne.

Dasa bishiyar fara

Babban matsalar Konik spruce shine kambinsa yana ƙonewa sosai a farkon bazara. Dalilin shi ne cewa wannan nau'in yana da allura masu laushi da kuma tsarin tushen waje. A ƙarshen Fabrairu - Maris, rana ta zama mai aiki, tana zafi da allura, kuma ta fara fitar da danshi sosai. Kuma tushen ba zai iya samun ruwa ba, saboda suna cikin ƙasa mai daskarewa. A sakamakon haka, allura sun bushe. Wannan matsala tana faruwa a yawancin conifers, alal misali, a cikin thuja da junipers, amma kawai shekaru 2-3 na farko. Kuma Konika na iya ƙone har zuwa shekaru 4-5. Kuma idan ba a dasa a can ba, to ya fi tsayi.

Abin da ya sa ba za a iya dasa Konika a wuraren buɗe ido ba - ko da matsuguni a lokacin hunturu wani lokacin ba ya cece ta daga ƙonawa. Wurin da ya dace da ita yana ƙarƙashin rawanin manyan bishiyoyin coniferous, alal misali, a ƙarƙashin pines. Ko daga gefen arewa na gidan, gine-gine ko babban shinge mara kyau. Ba shi da ma'ana a dasa shi a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu ɗorewa - a cikin hunturu suna tsayawa ba tare da ganye ba kuma a bar su da isasshen rana don lalata itacen Kirsimeti.

Tun da yawanci ana sayar da Koniks a cikin kwantena, babu buƙatar tono babban rami don seedling - ya kamata ya zama ɗan girma fiye da clod na ƙasa. Zai yiwu a shuka seedlings tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar (ZKS) daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.

Bayan dasa shuki, ya kamata a shayar da seedling da kyau - 1 - 2 buckets, dangane da girman shuka. Kuma a nan gaba, ruwa a kalla sau 1 a mako a cikin guga.

Kula da Konik spruce

Tun da nau'in Konika na Kanada spruce ne, ya riƙe babban fasalin nau'in - babban juriya na sanyi (har zuwa -40 ° C) kuma yana iya girma a duk yankuna inda spruce ɗinmu na yau da kullun ke tsiro.

Ground

Spruce Konik ya fi son ƙasa mai yawan danshi. Idan ƙasa tana da yashi, ya kamata a haƙa rami mai girma kuma a ƙara ƙasa soddy, yumbu da humus a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1: 1.

lighting

Mun riga mun ambata cewa konik spruce baya jure wa rana kai tsaye, don haka zaɓi wuraren shaded don shi.

Ruwa

A cikin yanayi, spruces na Kanada suna girma a kan ƙasa mai laushi, sau da yawa a gefen tafkuna, kusa da marshes, kuma Konica spruce ya gaji ƙaunar danshi daga kakanninsa. Yana buƙatar a shayar da shi akai-akai - da kyau sau ɗaya a mako, guga na ruwa kowace bishiya. Kuma a cikin matsanancin zafi - sau 1 a mako. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ya kamata a zubar da da'irar gangar jikin tare da Pine ko larch, ko tare da sawdust coniferous tare da Layer na 2-7 cm - suna rage ƙawancen danshi daga ƙasa.

Baya ga shayarwa, yana da amfani don zubar da tiyo a kan kambin bishiyar sau ɗaya a mako.

takin mai magani

A kan ƙasa mai laushi lokacin dasa shuki ba za a iya amfani da shi ba. Ga matalauta, yana da amfani don ƙara guga na humus zuwa ramin dasa.

Ciyar

Konik spruce na iya girma ba tare da babban sutura ba. Amma domin kambi ya zama mai haske kuma ya fi girma, musamman ma idan ya ƙone a cikin bazara, a tsakiyar Afrilu, ana iya amfani da taki na musamman don conifers a ƙarƙashinsa. Ko humus - rabin guga kowace bishiya.

Tsari a cikin hunturu

A cikin shekaru 5 na farko bayan dasa shuki, konik spruce ya kamata a rufe shi don hunturu daga ƙonewa. Ana ba da shawarar sau da yawa don kunsa shi a cikin burlap, amma wannan hanya ce mara kyau - a farkon bazara, lokacin da rana ta fara yin gasa, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi sosai a ƙarƙashin burlap, an haifar da tasirin greenhouse da allura, kamar dai a cikin rana. , fara rayayye ƙafe danshi da bushe. Bugu da kari, a karkashin burlap, shi ma rots.

Zai fi kyau a rufe Konika tare da rassan coniferous: Pine ko spruce. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanya sanduna masu ƙarfi kamar bukka a kusa da bishiyar kuma ku haɗa rassan coniferous zuwa gare su don su rufe shuka gaba ɗaya, zuwa ƙasa.

Haihuwar spruce Konik

Don adana alamun iri-iri, konik spruce ya kamata a yada shi ta hanyar yankan. Amma wannan tsari yana da rikitarwa, a gaskiya, yana da sauƙi don siyan seedling. Amma idan kuna da sha'awa da lokaci, kuna iya gwadawa.

Zai fi kyau a ɗauki yankan don rooting a farkon bazara: a ƙarshen Maris - farkon rabin Afrilu. Dole ne a yayyage su tare da diddige - wani yanki na haushi na gangar jikin. Kuma zai fi dacewa a ranar gajimare. Tsawon yanke mafi kyau shine 7-10 cm.

Dole ne a adana yankan da aka girbe na yini ɗaya a cikin Heteroauxin, tushen samuwar tushen kuzari. Bayan haka, ana shuka su a cikin ƙasa mai haske a kusurwar 30 °, zurfafa ta 2 - 3 cm. Kowane yankan yana cikin tukunya daban.

Ya kamata a sanya tukwane tare da yankan a cikin greenhouse ko an rufe shi da kwalba ko yarjejeniyar filastik. Sau ɗaya a rana na dasa shuki kuna buƙatar samun iska.

Konik spruce yankan yana da tushe na dogon lokaci - daga watanni 6 zuwa shekara 1. Duk wannan lokacin kuna buƙatar shayar da su a cikin lokaci mai dacewa - ƙasa ya kamata ya zama m koyaushe. Sau ɗaya kowane mako 2, yakamata a ƙara heteroauxin a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa.

Ana dasa tsire-tsire masu tushe a gonar a cikin bazara - a ƙarshen Afrilu. Na farko, zuwa makaranta - wuri mai ɓoye a cikin inuwa. A can sai su kara shekara. Kuma sai kawai za a iya dasa su zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Cututtuka na spruce Konik

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Alamar farko ta wannan cuta ita ce suturar ja akan allura. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya fara rushewa. Cutar na haifar da naman gwari da ke cutar da tushen bishiyar.

Abin baƙin ciki, wannan Pathology ba shi da magani. A lokaci guda, yana da haɗari sosai - cutar da sauri tana cutar da tsire-tsire masu makwabta: spruce, Pine, fir da larch. Hanyar da za a iya dakatar da ita ita ce a tono bishiyar da saiwoyinta a kona ta. Kuma bi da ƙasa tare da Fundazol (3).

Tsatsa (spruce spinner). Yana haifar da naman gwari mai cutarwa. Ana iya gane cutar ta ƙananan, 0,5 cm a diamita, kumburin orange akan haushi. Allura sun juya rawaya kuma su fadi.

A farkon bayyanar cututtuka, wajibi ne a yanke da kuma ƙone rassan da aka shafa, sa'an nan kuma bi da tsire-tsire tare da Hom (Copper oxychloride) (3) ko Rakurs.

Brown Shutte (kasa ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mold). Akwai nau'ikan schütte da yawa, galibi suna shafar bishiyoyin Pine, amma ana samun schütte mai launin ruwan kasa akan bishiyar spruce. Naman gwari mai cutarwa yana zaune a kan allura a cikin kaka kuma yana haɓaka rayayye a cikin hunturu, akan harbe da ke ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Alamomin cutar sune allura mai launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen fata.

Don maganin cutar, ana amfani da kwayoyi Hom ko Racurs (3).

Kwari sun cinye ciyawa

Spruce leaflet-needleworm. Wannan karamar asu ce. Manya ba su da lahani, amma tsutsansu na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga bishiyoyi. Caterpillars suna rayuwa a cikin allura - suna ciji a gindin su kuma suna yin ma'adinai a ciki. Da shigewar lokaci, alluran sun zama an rufe su da yanar gizo kuma suna rugujewa da gusts na iska.

Don magance kwaro, ana amfani da magungunan tsarin - Calypso, Confidor ko Engio.

Spruce gizo-gizo mite. Ana iya gane alamun farko na lalacewa ta hanyar launin rawaya a kan allura. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai ƙarfi, shuke-shuken sun zama an rufe su da cobwebs, allura sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma sun rushe. Spider mite rayayye kiwo a bushe shekaru. A lokacin rani, kaska yana ba da matsakaicin kimanin tsararraki 5, don haka kololuwar kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a ƙarshen lokacin rani.

Magungunan Actellik ko Fitoverm zasu taimaka wajen kawar da kwaro.

Spruce garkuwar ƙarya. Wadannan ƙananan kwari masu tsotsa, masu kama da ƙwallon launin ruwan kasa, yawanci suna zaune a kan tsire-tsire matasa - haushi da allura. Kuna iya gane su ta wurin rufewarsu mai ɗaci. A cikin tsire-tsire da aka shafa, allura sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma sun fadi, rassan sun lanƙwasa kuma sun bushe.

Kuna iya kawar da kwaro kawai tare da magungunan tsarin. Mafi tasiri daga cikinsu shine Aktara da Konfidor.

Coniferous kwari. Wadannan kwari masu tsotsa ba su da tabbas da wani - suna da farin bristles a bayansu. A cikin shekarun bushewa, suna haɓaka sosai don haka harbe ya zama kamar an rufe shi da sanyi. A kan tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, alluran suna juya rawaya da murƙushewa.

Rabu da tsutsotsi zai taimaka da miyagun ƙwayoyi Pinocid.

Spruce sawfly. Karamin kwaro ce mai kama da kuda. Larvae yana cutar da shi - suna cin allura. Ba shi da sauƙi a gan su - suna canza kansu kamar fil da allura. Kuna iya gane kamuwa da cuta ta launi na allurar matasa - ya zama ja-launin ruwan kasa, amma a lokaci guda ba ya rushewa na dogon lokaci.

Don magance spruce sawfly, zaka iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Pinocid. Duk da haka, suna buƙatar aiwatarwa ba kawai kambin bishiyar ba, har ma da ƙasa da ke kewaye da shi, saboda tsutsa suna hibernate a cikin ƙasa.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun tambaya game da Konik Masanin agronomist-masarauta Svetlana Mykhaylova – ta amsa mafi mashahuri tambayoyi na bazara mazauna.

Tushen

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Abubuwan da aka tsara na herbaceous na perennial, itace coniferous da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri na birane // Conifers na yankin boreal, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh- rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. Kordes G. Picea glauca shuka mai suna Blue Wonder: pat. PP10933 Amurka. - 1999 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP10933?oq=Picea+glauca+%27Sanders+Blue%27
3. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe kwari da agrochemicals tun daga Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry- bayani/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/