Itacen Pine

An yi imanin cewa nunin farko na Kunstkamera wani ɓangare ne na bishiyar Pine, reshe na gefen wanda, da wayo ya karkace, ya girma cikin gangar jikin. Har ila yau ana iya ganin reshe tare da guntun gangar jikin a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. Duk da haka, ba za a iya kiran itacen talakawa ba. Koyaya, a cikin sigar Latin, sunanta shine pine pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Wannan bishiyar tana girma a ko'ina kuma ta saba da mutane da yawa. Ba kasafai take rikicewa da sauran kattai masu koren kore ba. Sai dai idan tare da spruce, musamman lokacin da waɗannan kyawawan bishiyoyi har yanzu suna ƙuruciya, har zuwa shekaru 15-20. Kawai cewa silhouette yayi kama. Kuma mutane kaɗan suna kula da tsayi da launi na allura. Af, Pine gandun daji suna classified a matsayin haske coniferous, kuma idan spruce predominates, wannan riga duhu coniferous gandun daji.

Tsayin manya samfurori na Scotch pine shine 20 - 30 m (1), kuma wannan bazai iya zama iyaka ba.

Scotch Pine siffofin

A cikin unguwannin bayan gari, ana shuka itacen pine na gama gari ta hanyar haƙa itace a wani wuri a gefen titi. Ko kuma sun bar pine seedling a cikin lambun, wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya bayyana da kansa, daga iri da ya zo daga daji mafi kusa.

Amma a cikin dachas, a cikin murabba'ai na birni da wuraren shakatawa, galibi za ku iya ganin nau'in nau'in pine na Scots ba na halitta ba, kuma ba nau'ikan nau'ikan halayen ba, misali, Balkans, Karelia ko Mongolia. Akwai ƙarin ƙanƙanta da kyawawan “’yan uwa” waɗanda masu shayarwa suka haifa. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da su don gyaran ƙasa (2).

Shahararren iri-iri da yaduwa tare da siffar kambi na columnar fastigiata, m (har zuwa 4-7 m) Watereri, dwarfish Globose Green и girl.

Scotch Pine yana da siffofin ado tare da canza launin allura. Tare da zinariya - aura и Wintergold, tare da bluish-launin toka - Bonn и glauc.

Scotch Pine kula

Scotch pine itace itace mai yuwuwa, amma yakamata a yi la'akari da wasu fasalulluka yayin girma.

Ground

Yana da sauƙi a yi tsammani cewa Scotch Pine yana da aminci ga kusan kowane abun da ke ƙasa. Lalle ne, a cikin yanayi, yana girma a kan yashi, yashi mai yashi, loams, yumbu mai nauyi. Ko da a kan duwatsu tare da bakin ciki, 'yan millimeters, m Layer! Ƙarfin manne wa gangara tare da tushen, gyara ƙasa mai rarrafe, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin wuraren shimfidar shimfidar wuri (giɓar tafkuna da koguna, gangaren kwazazzabai).

Pine iri-iri, waɗanda aka fi so na mazauna rani da masu zanen ƙasa, sun fi buƙatu fiye da yanayin yanayin (3).

lighting

Dukansu nau'ikan tsire-tsire da nau'ikan pine na Scotch suna da kyau sosai. Ko da a cikin inuwar da ba a bayyana ba sosai, kambi ya zama sako-sako da kuma ba shi da kyau kamar a wuraren rana. 

Amma asarar kayan ado ba shine abin bakin ciki ba. A cikin inuwa, itacen pine yana raunana, zai iya yin rashin lafiya kuma ya zama ganima mai sauƙi ga kwari. Don haka dasa duk wani bishiyar Pine a cikin inuwa ba shi da ma'ana.

Ruwa

Balagagge pines suna jure wa fari. Har ma suna iya yin ba tare da shayarwa a cikin zafi ba. Banda shi ne sabbin tsire-tsire da aka dasa, musamman manya, da kuma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su da tushe.

Ba a so a dasa pine a cikin dausayi, kodayake a cikin yanayi har yanzu ana samun waɗannan nau'ikan conifers a wurare masu damshi.

takin mai magani

Pines ba su da buƙata akan abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasa fiye da yawancin tsire-tsire. Don haka, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani don waɗannan tsire-tsire a gidan bazara. Akasin haka, wuce kima "abinci mai gina jiki", alal misali, idan taki sabo ne ko kuma akwai mai yawa nitrogen a cikin takin ma'adinai, zai iya cutar da tsire-tsire. Musamman lokacin yin a ƙarshen bazara da kuma daga baya.

Ciyar

Wani lokaci a cikin ƙasa akwai rashi na wani abu mai mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire, ɗaya ko da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, yawanci sau ɗaya a kakar ko ƙasa da sau da yawa, a cikin bazara, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, ana ciyar da dasa shuki, gabatar da taki mai rikitarwa mai dacewa don conifers. Ko kuma sun yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da microelement (boron, manganese, da dai sauransu), rashin wanda dole ne a cika shi.

Haifuwa na Pine Scots

Akwai hanyoyi guda 3 don yaduwa Scotch Pine.

Tsaba. Hanya mafi sauƙi don yaduwa ita ce ta iri. Wannan shine yadda ake yada bishiyoyin pine a cikin gandun daji. Yana faruwa cewa cikakke tsaba na Pine, godiya ga ƙaramin reshe (har zuwa 20 mm), ya watse da nisa daga itacen iyaye. Bayan shekara guda, biyu ko fiye, da yawa suna tsiro. Don haka kada ka yi mamaki idan ka sami matashin fir ba tare da ganin dajin pine ba.

Kuna so ku shuka tsaba na Pine Scotch da kanku? Don farawa, suna buƙatar cire su daga mazugi waɗanda suka kafa, sun cika kuma suna fara buɗewa. Mafi kyawun lokacin tattara pine cones shine kaka (Satumba da Oktoba).

An shimfiɗa mazugi a cikin 1 - 2 yadudduka a kan jarida ko sanya shi a cikin babban faranti, kwano, ko jakar zane-zane irin matashin kai. Ajiye kwanaki da yawa a bushe, wuri mai dumi, yana motsawa lokaci-lokaci. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, tsaba da kansu za su fadi daga cikin cones. Yana da kyau a shuka su nan da nan, kafin hunturu, don su sha yanayin yanayin halitta. Sa'an nan germination zai zama abokantaka, kuma seedlings za su kasance mafi koshin lafiya. Shuka a cikin wurin da aka shirya rana ko inuwa kaɗan. An zurfafa su da 2-3 cm. Shuka ya fi dacewa a cikin layuka, kuma ba da gangan ba, tare da nisa tsakanin tsaba na 15 cm. Kuna iya shuka da yawa, amma tare da tsammanin cewa za a aiwatar da thinning a cikin lokaci mai dacewa.

Bayan shekaru 1-2, ana iya dasa shuki na Pine a wuri na dindindin. Ko sake makaranta, wato, zama mafi fili, don ƙarin girma.

Dasa shuki a cikin bazara ko farkon kaka ana sauƙin jurewa ta hanyar samari na Scots Pine, godiya ga tsarin tushen da ke sama. Daga baya, lokacin da tsayin bishiyoyi ya kai kimanin mita 1,5, tsarin tushen famfo ya fara farawa, wanda ya fi wuya a adana lokacin da aka tono. Amma ko da a cikin wannan yanayin, tare da dasawa da hankali da kulawa na gaba, daidaitawar pine na matasa a cikin sabon wuri ya fi nasara sau da yawa.

Yada nau'ikan Pine na Scots ta hanyar shuka iri baya tabbatar da kanta, tunda tsire-tsire da wuya a maimaita halaye iri-iri na asali iri-iri. Amma ana aiwatar da shuka iri don haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan ado.

Yankewa. Yaduwa na Pine Scots ta hanyar yankan da kuma shimfidawa yana da alaƙa da matsaloli da yawa, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi. Ana fara yankan a cikin bazara kafin haɓakar aiki na sabbin harbe ya fara. Yanke 10-15 cm tsayi ana ɗauka daga harbe masu girma a tsaye na tsire-tsire. Ya kamata su kasance tare da "dukiya", wato, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbi na bara akwai wani yanki na shekara kafin itacen bara.

Ana wanke ƙananan sassan yankan cikin ruwa don 1-3 hours don cire guduro. Sa'an nan kuma a bi da su da tushen samuwar stimulants kuma a dasa su a cikin greenhouse, da kyau tare da dumama ƙasa. Rooting yana da tsayi, yawan kafewar cuttings ƙananan ne. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki masu tushe a cikin fall na shekara mai zuwa ko kuma daga baya.

Yin rigakafi. Don samun nau'ikan kayan ado, yaduwa na pinetal pine, ana amfani da grafting sau da yawa. An grafted shuke-shuke da mu sau da yawa gani a cikin gandun daji.

Abin sha'awa, don grafting da kiwo sabon nau'in conifers, ciki har da pine, ba kawai sassan da aka riga aka sani (da rajista) ana amfani da su ba, har ma da abin da ake kira tsintsiya mayya da aka samu a cikin yanayi.

Cututtuka na Pine Scots

Yadda pines a cikin gandun daji ke rashin lafiya, yawanci ba mu lura ba. Amma a cikin dashen birane, da ma fiye da haka, idan ba zato ba tsammani wani nau'i na bala'i ya faru da bishiyar bishiyar pine a wani yanki na bayan gari, ba dade ko ba dade ba matsala ta bayyana.

Gaskiya ne, ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade ainihin abin da ya faru da itacen ba, musamman a farkon matakin cutar. Kuma zabar magunguna don magani ko wasu hanyoyin gwagwarmaya ba koyaushe bane mai sauƙi. Cututtuka na pine da sauran conifers sun bambanta da matsalolin apple iri ɗaya ko currant!

Scotch pine da cultivars suna shafar nau'ikan schütte da yawa, naman gwari, da sauran cututtuka. Saboda haka, sun bambanta tsakanin talakawa Pine da dusar ƙanƙara shutte. A cikin akwati na farko, allura sun zama ja, ɗigo baƙar fata (raguwa) suna bayyana akan su. Don allura da rufewar dusar ƙanƙara ta shafa, launin toka mai haske yana da halayyar.

Kwatankwacinsu suna da tsatsar allura da kamuwa da cuta, wanda galibi ake kira Pine spinner. Tare da tsatsa, allura sun juya launin ruwan kasa, bushe, amma kada su fadi na dogon lokaci. Kuma Pine spinner yafi "aiki" tare da harbe. Sassan rassan matasa da suka kamu da cutar, idan ba su mutu ba, suna iya murɗawa, suna ɗaukar siffofi masu ban mamaki.

Zai fi kyau kada a kawo kamuwa da cuta zuwa yaduwa mafi girma, in ba haka ba za ku iya rasa tsire-tsire. A farkon alamun kamuwa da cututtukan fungal (pine spinner, tsatsa, shute, da dai sauransu), ana fara jiyya tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan karfe. Alal misali, Bordeaux ruwa (1% bayani), kazalika da XOM, Agiba-Peak shirye-shirye. Za a iya dakatar da ci gaban kamuwa da cuta Topaz, biofungicides Alirin-B, Gliocladin, Fitosporin (4).

Shuke-shuke (ciki har da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shuke-shuke) dole ne a fesa tare da shirye-shirye akai-akai, aƙalla sau 3-4 a kakar. Suna farawa a cikin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke. Tsayawa tsakanin jiyya daga kwanaki 5-7. Kafin haka, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan samfurori, wajibi ne don cirewa da lalata matattun allura, rassan da kamuwa da cuta ya shafa.

Scotch Pine kwari

Jerin kwari na coniferous ya hada da sanannun aphids, kwari masu sikelin, mites gizo-gizo, da wakilan fauna, "na musamman" musamman a cikin pine. Wasu suna cin allura, wasu suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wasu suna ratsawa a cikin haushi da cikin zurfin katako, da sauransu.

Shchitovki. Suna da sauƙin ganewa kuma suna bayyana akan tsire-tsire azaman plaques, warts masu tasowa, ko kusan sifofin lentil masu zagaye. 

Ba shi da sauƙi don jimre wa kwaro, ko da yake yana buɗe "kuje" akan allura. Yana da wuya cewa ba zai yiwu a tattara ƙwari masu ma'auni a haɗe da allura ba, kuma gano kowa da kowa aiki ne mai yiwuwa. Don haka akwai zaɓi ɗaya kawai - harin sinadarai. Aktara, Aktellik (4) zai taimaka. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen iri ɗaya suna da kyau idan aphids sun kai hari ga pine kuma magungunan jama'a na al'ada ba za su iya jimre da shi ba.

Spider mite. A cikin yaƙi da mites gizo-gizo, kwaro mai haɗari wanda, lokacin da aka rarraba da yawa a cikin zafi mai zafi, rani mai bushe, ya haɗu da harbe tare da yanar gizo na bakin ciki, ana ba da fifiko ga sauran dabarun. 

Da farko, yana da daraja yin amfani da rawanin yayyafawa. Wajibi ne a yayyafa, da kuma kokarin moisten rassan daga kasa, kazalika da duk wuya-to-isar wuraren a cikin zurfin m rawanin varietal Pine. Bayan haka, a can ne gizo-gizo mite ya zauna, ƙananan kwaro, wanda mafi yawan lokuta ba za a iya gani ba tare da gilashin girma ba.

Idan hanyoyin ruwa na yau da kullun na makonni da yawa ba su taimaka ba, sun canza zuwa yin amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman, gami da kunkuntar waɗanda aka yi niyya, musamman a kan ticks (acaricides). Har ila yau, jami'an da ke aiki a kan nau'i-nau'i na kwari na lambu suna da tasiri a kan mitsin gizo-gizo. Wannan shine Fitoverm, Aktellik (4).

Pine sawfly. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a yawancin gandun daji na Pine na tsakiyar yankin a lokacin rani, wanda zai iya lura da kwaro mara kyau - Pine sawfly. Yawancin caterpillars a cikin ƙungiyoyin dozin da yawa suna mamaye alluran Pine kuma suna ci da himma. Abin kallo, idan aka kalli shi daga nesa kusa, yana da ban tsoro, har ma mafi banƙyama. Caterpillars suna da hannu sosai kuma masu ban sha'awa, haka ma, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu akan harbe-harbe na Pine. Wani lokaci sukan ci duk tsofaffin allura (suna farawa da shi) sannan kawai su ci gaba da samari, sabbin allurai.

Lokacin bazara mazauna suna ƙara gunaguni game da Pine sawfly, wanda diyya duka biyu talakawa da kuma varietal pines. Idan tarin hannu ko ƙwanƙwasa caterpillars zuwa ƙasa tare da matsi mai ƙarfi na ruwa bai taimaka ba, ana iya amfani da Aliot, Pinocide, Aktara, Lepidocid don kawar da kwaro. Kuma a hankali sassauta da'ira na kusa-kusa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi a cikin fall, ƙoƙarin kada ya lalata tushen.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi magana game da girma Scots Pine tare da Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen 

1. Aleksandrova MS Coniferous tsire-tsire a cikin lambun ku // Moscow, CJSC "Fiton +", 2000 - 224 p.

2. Markovsky Yu.B. Mafi kyawun conifers a cikin ƙirar lambun // Moscow, CJSC Fiton +, 2004 - 144 p.

3. Gostev VG, Yuskevich NN Zane-zanen lambuna da wuraren shakatawa // Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1991 - 340 p.

4. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka ba da izini don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar kamar na Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayya

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