Contents
Ka tuna layukan daga Tale of Tsar Saltan?
Maza na rera wakoki
Haka ne, yana tsinke duk goro,
Amma goro ba sauki ba ne,
Duk kwasfa zinare ne,
Nuclei tsantsar emerald ne.
Pushkin ya kira wannan itace spruce. Amma, a fili, bai san botany da kyau ba, saboda spruce ba shi da kwayoyi. Suna kusa da itacen al'ul. Kuma waɗannan suna ɗaya daga cikin kwayoyi masu tsada, don haka "kwayoyin zinare" da "kwayoyin ƙwaya masu tsabta ne emerald" sun dace da su sosai.
Nau'in itacen al'ul
Kuma a nan akwai wata hujja mai ban sha'awa: itacen al'ul ba nau'i ɗaya ba ne. Akwai hudu daga cikin su a yanayi!
Siberian
Siberian itacen al'ul Pine (Pinus sibirica) itace mai girman gaske, ya kai tsayin 20 - 25 m, amma akwai samfurori na 35 - 40 m kowanne. Kuma kauri daga cikin akwati na iya zama har zuwa 2 m. Wato, idan za ku shuka shi a kan rukunin yanar gizon, yi la'akari da girman Ta na buƙatar sarari mai yawa.
Kambi na Pine Siberian yana da yawa, tare da rassa masu kauri kuma sau da yawa tare da kololuwa da yawa. Yana da kusan 8 m a diamita. Alluran suna da tsayi sosai, har zuwa 15 cm kuma suna da taushi. An tattara a cikin daure na allura 5.
Irin wannan nau'in itacen al'ul yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 250, amma a arewa maso gabashin Altai akwai samfurori waɗanda shekarun su ya kai shekaru 800 - 850! Af, shi ne Altai da ake la'akari da wurin haifuwa na Siberian Pine. Kuma galibin wadannan bishiyoyi (80%) suna girma a kasarmu. Sauran kashi 20% ana iya gani a gabashin Kazakhstan da kuma arewacin Mongoliya.
Manyan pine na Siberian suna samar da matsakaicin kilogiram 12 na goro a kowace shekara, amma wasu bishiyoyi na iya yin har zuwa kilogiram 50. Kowane mazugi ya ƙunshi tsaba 30-150, amma suna girma na dogon lokaci - watanni 14-15. Cedar Pine ya fara ba da 'ya'ya yana da shekaru 60! Amma yana faruwa daga baya. Kuma yana ba da girbi mai kyau sau 1 a cikin shekaru 3 - 10, amma galibi sau ɗaya kowace shekara 4 (1). Shin kun gane yanzu me yasa goro ke kamanta da zinare-emeralds?
Nau'in iri
The selection of Siberian cedar pines in Our Country is carried out by the Institute of Forests. V.N. Sukachev of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences, as well as private nurseries. As of 2021, the catalog of the Society for Breeding and Introduction of Conifers lists 58 varieties of Siberian pine (2).
Kwararru sun raba iri da clones na itacen al'ul na Siberiya zuwa kungiyoyi 3.
Dogayen 'ya'yan itace - sun kai tsayi daidai da danginsu na daji, amma cones suna ba da yawa a baya - riga 2 shekaru bayan alurar riga kafi, kuma bayan shekaru 10 - 12 sun kai ganiya na fruiting.
FDA. Wannan cultivar ana kiransa da sunan farkon masanin kimiyyar Fyodor Dmitrievich Avrov, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya ga nazarin shuke-shuken coniferous. Bishiyoyin suna da tsayi, suna ba da 30 cm na girma a kowace shekara kuma sun kai 10 m ta shekaru 4,5. Allurar suna kore, 10-11 cm tsayi. Cones suna da girman girma, kuma yawan amfanin wannan clone ya ninka sau 2 fiye da na dangin daji. Ba tare da matsaloli yana jure sanyi sanyi zuwa -40 ° C.
Kress (Kress). An gabatar da wannan nau'in a cikin noma a cikin 1992 kuma an sanya masa suna bayan gwamnan farko na yankin Tomsk, Viktor Kress. Itacen yana da tsayi, yana ba da girma na 30 cm a kowace kakar kuma ya kai tsayin 10 m ta shekaru 4,5. Alluran kore ne, tsayin su ya kai cm 10. Ya fara ba da 'ya'ya a shekara ta gaba bayan grafting. Yawan amfanin gona ya ninka sau 2 fiye da na pine pine. Amma ƙullun sun ɗan ƙarami. Yana tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa -40 ° C.
Ƙananan 'ya'yan itace masu girma - tsayin su yana daga 20 zuwa 50% na tsayin pine na daji. Waɗannan su ne abin da ake kira "tsintsiya na mayya" (BM) - maye gurbi na halitta na kowane rassan, waɗanda ke da ƙananan girma da haɓaka. Ana dasa su a kan wasu tsire-tsire sannan a yada su. Suna fara ba da 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 4-5 bayan alurar riga kafi kuma suna ba da dozin dozin da yawa - sun fi girma a girman, amma cikakke. Duk da haka, akwai matsala - clones da kansu ba sa samar da pollen. A Siberiya, irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna ba da girbi ba tare da matsala ba, tunda akwai ciyawar itacen al'ul da yawa a cikin taiga, kuma a cikin yankin Turai na ƙasarmu suna buƙatar nau'in pollinator na musamman.
Mai rikodin (Rekordistka). Wannan clone ya sami sunansa saboda yawan haihuwa mai ban mamaki - yawan amfanin sa shine sau 10 (!) fiye da na pine pine (1). A cikin al'ada tun 1995. Bishiyoyi suna da ƙananan, ta hanyar shekaru 10 sun kai 30 - 90 cm, don kakar suna ba da karuwa kawai 2,5 - 7,5 cm. Allurar suna kore, gajere - 5 - 7 cm. Cones kusan sau 2 sun fi na nau'in. Mai jure sanyi mai sanyi, yana jure har zuwa -40 ° C.
Shuka (Plantationnyj). Sunan wannan nau'in kuma yana magana da kansa - ana ba da shawarar don shimfida filayen masana'antu, saboda yawan amfanin sa ya fi sau 4 fiye da na pine na daji. A cikin al'ada tun 1998. Tsawon bishiyar a shekaru 10 shine 0,9 - 1,8 m. A lokacin kakar, yana ba da karuwa na 7,5-15 cm. Allura suna kore, dan kadan ya fi guntu nau'in - 8 - 9 cm tsayi. Cones kuma sun ɗan ƙarami - 80% na girman girman. Ya fara ba da 'ya'ya nan da nan bayan grafting.
Shugaban kasa (Shugaba). An gabatar da wannan clone a cikin al'ada a cikin 1992. A cikin 2002, an gabatar da bishiya ɗaya don bikin cika shekaru 50 na shugaban kasar Vladimir Putin kuma an ba da nau'in suna don girmama shi.
Da farko - Putin, sa'an nan suka sake masa suna Shugaban kasa (za ku gano dalilin da ya sa a cikin bayanin iri-iri na gaba). Yanzu shi ne daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri iri na Siberian Pine. Tsawon bishiyar ta shekaru 10 shine 0,9 - 1,8 m. Girman shekara-shekara shine 7,5-15 cm. Yawan amfanin gona ya fi sau 5 fiye da na nau'in, amma mazugi ya ɗan ƙarami (80% na na halitta). Allurar sun ɗan fi guntu (7-8 cm), amma sau 3 sun fi girma. Ba tare da matsaloli yana jure sanyi sanyi zuwa -40 ° C.
Oligarch (Oligarch). The variety was introduced into cultivation in 1992 and named after the well-known oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky at that time. Initially, this clone only had the working name “clone 03”. But in 2003, one such tree was presented to Khodorkovsky. And they decided that they would name him in honor of the eminent recipient – Khodorkovsky. However, a few days later, the famous oligarch was arrested. A little later, journalists from the Healthy Food Near Me newspaper arrived at the nursery where these two clones were bred, and an article was published in the network: “Not only Khodorkovsky, but also Putin, was imprisoned in Tomsk.” Well, that is, it was about new cedar pines. But the author of these varieties, out of harm’s way, decided to rename them President and Oligarch.
Oligarch itace itace mai tsini, tun yana da shekaru 10 ya kai tsayin 0,9 - 1,8 m, yana girma da 7 - 15 cm a kowace kakar. Allurar suna kore, ya fi guntu fiye da na nau'in pine, kawai 5 - 6 cm tsayi, amma sau 4 ya fi girma. Yawan amfanin wannan clone shine sau 7-8 fiye da na nau'in. Amma cones ne sau 2 karami. Fruiting shekara guda bayan grafting. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -40 ° C.
Avrov. Wannan nau'in, kamar daga FDA, an sadaukar da shi ga masanin kimiyya Dmitry Avrov kuma mai suna bayansa. An gabatar da shi cikin al'ada a cikin 1994. Bishiyoyinsa suna dwarf, a cikin shekaru 10 da tsayin su shine kawai 30 - 90 cm, tsawon shekara guda suna ba da karuwa na 2,5 - 7,5 cm. Alluran kore ne, gajere (5 - 7 cm), amma suna da kauri sau 3 fiye da irin na halitta. Cones da kwayoyi sun fi na pine na daji sau 2 karami, amma yawan amfanin gona ya fi sau 3-4. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -40 ° C.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri, ana iya lura (a cikin maƙallan ana nuna sau nawa sun fi girma a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa zuwa pine pine): Seminsky (7) Altyn-Kol (5) Shi da ita (4) Stoktysh (4) Santa (4) (2).
Low-girma ornamental iri - suna da rawanin rawani na daidaitaccen tsari, wani lokacin tare da wani sabon launi na allura, kuma suna girma sosai a hankali.
Narcissus. Wannan nau'in dwarf yana da siffa mai siffar zobe. A cikin shekaru 10, ya kai girman 30-90 cm. Its allura suna da haske kore, sananne haske fiye da na nau'in pines. Allurar sun fi guntu (5 - 7 cm) kuma sau 8 sun fi girma. A zahiri ba ya samar da mazugi, kuma idan sun bayyana, ba su da aure kuma kawai shekaru 2-3 na farko bayan alurar riga kafi. Yana tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa -40 ° C. Wani lokaci (da wuya) yana ƙonewa kaɗan a cikin bazara. Yana buƙatar kambi na shekara-shekara na dutse daga busassun busassun allura.
Emerald (Izumrud). Sunan nau'in nau'in yana nuna babban fasalinsa - allurarsa suna da launin turquoise. A clone ne Semi-dwarf, da shekaru 10 ya kai tsawo na 90 - 1,8 m, da shekara-shekara girma - 7,5-15 cm. Kambi yana da faɗi, madaidaiciya ko m. Alluran gajere ne, 5-7 cm, amma sau 4 sun fi na pine na musamman. Iri-iri, ko da yake yana da kayan ado, amma yana ba da 'ya'ya da kyau - yawan amfanin cones shine sau 2,5 fiye da na dangin daji. Amma sun ragu sau 2. A iri-iri ne mai wuce yarda sanyi-resistant, jure har zuwa -45 ° C. Amma ana iya shafar kwaro - Hamisa, sabili da haka, yana bukatar shekara-shekara m magani tare da tsarin kwari (Engio ko Atkara). Sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara, busassun busassun busassun suna buƙatar tsaftacewa daga kambi.
Biosphere (Biosphere). Wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan kayan ado na farko na Pine Siberian tare da siffar kambi mai siffar zobe. Gaskiya ne, yana da nisa daga ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa - yana da kyau m. Itacen itace dwarf, yana da shekaru 10 yana da tsayin 30 - 90 cm kuma yana girma da 2,5 - 7,5 cm kowace shekara. Allurar suna kore, dan kadan ya fi guntu na nau'in pine (kimanin 7 cm), amma 5-6 sau da yawa. Iri-iri yana ba da 'ya'ya - yawan amfanin sa ya fi sau 2 fiye da na pine pine. Amma cones ne sau 2 karami. Juriya na sanyi yana da girma sosai - har zuwa -45 ° C. Sau ɗaya a shekara, kuna buƙatar tsaftace tsoffin allura daga kambi.
Turai
Turai cedar Pine (Pinus cembra) a dabi'ance yana faruwa a Turai, kewayon sa suna da ƙanƙanta kuma sun fi mayar da hankali a wurare biyu: daga kudancin Faransa zuwa yankunan gabas na Alps, da kuma cikin tsaunukan Tatra da Carpathian.
Wannan nau'in yana da ƙasa da danginsa na itacen al'ul na Siberian - tsayin sau da yawa kusan 10 - 15 m, amma yana iya kaiwa zuwa 25 m. Kuma diamita na gangar jikin ya kai mita 1,5. Alluran suna da tsayi 5 - 9 cm, an tattara su a cikin bunch of 5 inji mai kwakwalwa. Cones ƙananan ƙananan, 4-8 cm tsayi, amma kwayoyi suna da girma - kimanin 1 cm tsayi.
Wannan Pine ya fi thermophilic fiye da 'yar'uwarsa ta Siberiya, yana jure sanyi har zuwa -34 ° C, amma yana girma sosai a Moscow - akwai bishiyoyi da yawa a cikin Biryulevsky arboretum.
Nau'in iri
Tana da 'yan iri, amma har yanzu tana da zabi.
Glauka (Glauca). A cikin shekaru 10, bishiyoyi sun kai tsayin 2,5-3 m. Alluranta suna da tsayi, an tattara su a cikin bunch of 5pcs. Ƙimar da launi mai ban sha'awa na allura - yana da bluish-azurfa. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -34 ° C.
Ortler (Ortler). Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda ya fito daga Alps. Itatuwan ba su da girma, m, a cikin shekaru 10 bai wuce 30-40 cm ba, yana ba da karuwa na 3-4 cm a kowace shekara. Siffar kambi yana da siffar zobe, mara kyau. Harbe na tsayi daban-daban, don haka tsire-tsire sukan yi kama da bonsai. Alluran gajere ne, shuɗi-launin toka-kore.
Glauca Trento (Glauca Trento). This is a variety, a clone of a wild pine from Northern Italy – from the outskirts of the city of Trento. In culture since 1996. Trees by the age of 10 years reach a height of 1,8 – 4,5 m and give an increase of 15 – 30 cm per year. Needles 8-9 cm long, blue-green. Fruiting begins a few years after vaccination. The harvest of cones does not give every year, but it is formed from a lot. The frost resistance of this variety is much higher than that of its European ancestors – up to -45 ° C.
Spb (Spb). An ba da sunan iri-iri don girmama St. Petersburg. A cikin al'ada tun 1997. Yana girma da sauri, 30 cm a kowace shekara kuma ya kai tsayin 10 m ta shekaru 4,5. Alluran suna da tsayi, kusan cm 10, koren shuɗi a launi. Ya fara ba da 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 10-15 bayan grafting. Ba a kafa Cones a kowace shekara, amma a cikin adadi mai yawa. Juriya na sanyi - har zuwa -45 ° C.
korean
Yaren Koriya (Pinus koraiensis) yana tsiro daji a Koriya, Japan, a arewa maso gabashin China da kuma daga ƙasarmu - a kudu maso gabashin yankin Amur, a cikin yankunan Primorsky da Khabarovsk. A kasar mu, yana da wuya kuma an jera shi a cikin Jajayen Littafi Mai Tsarki.
Itatuwan suna da tsayi sosai, sun kai 40-50 m, kuma kututturan suna da diamita har zuwa mita 2. Allurar suna da tsayi sosai, har zuwa 20 cm, an tattara su a cikin bunch of 5 inji mai kwakwalwa. Cones suna da girma, har zuwa 17 cm tsayi, kuma kwayoyi sun kai tsayin 1,5 - 2 cm. Har zuwa mazugi 500 na iya girma lokaci guda akan bishiyar manya guda ɗaya, kuma har zuwa goro 150 a kowace. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, yana fara yin 'ya'yan itace daga shekaru 60 - 120, amfanin gona yana samun kowace shekara 3 - 4. Bishiyoyi suna rayuwa shekaru 350-400. Juriyar sanyi na itacen al'ul na Koriya yana da ban mamaki - har zuwa -50 ° C.
Nau'in iri
Silverey (Silveray). A cikin wannan nau'i-nau'i, allura suna da inuwa guda biyu - gefen babba shine kore kuma ƙananan gefen shine blue. Bugu da ƙari, alluran suna karkatar da su a kusa da kusurwoyi na kansu kuma suna karkatar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wanda ya sa bishiyar ta yi la'akari. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 10, ya kai tsayin mita 3, kuma samfurori na manya ba su wuce 8 m ba. Tsawon allura ya kai cm 9-20. Cones suna girma zuwa 17 cm. Juriya na sanyi, bisa ga tushe daban-daban, yana daga -34 ° C zuwa -40 ° C.
Jack Corbit. Wani nau'in "mai lankwasa", amma ba kamar Silverey ba, dwarf ne - a cikin shekaru 10, tsayinsa bai wuce 1,5 m ba. Yana girma 10-15 cm a kowace shekara. Alluran suna da tsayi, launin azurfa-kore. Cones suna ƙanana, tsayin 10 cm. Ya fara ba da 'ya'ya a shekaru 10-25. Yana tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa -40 ° C.
A cikin ƙasarmu, an kuma zaɓi itacen itacen al'ul na Koriya, kuma fiye da nau'ikan iri 20 ne aka haifa a halin yanzu (1). Daga cikin su akwai ƙananan ƙananan, a cikin shekaru 10, ba su wuce 30 cm tsayi ba.Anton, Dauria, ThermohydrograviodynamicsDwarf - 30 - 90 cm (Alenka, Anastasia, Aristocrat, Bonsai, Femina, Gosh, Xenia, Pandora, Perun, Stribog) da rabin-dwarf - 0,9 - 1,8 m (Dersu, Kizlyar-aga, Patriarch, Svyatogor, Veles) (2).
elfin
Elfin pine (Pinus pumila) an fi saninsa a ƙasarmu a ƙarƙashin sunan elfin itacen al'ul. Babban yanki na wannan shuka yana cikin ƙasarmu - yana tsiro a kusan dukkanin Siberiya - daga yankin Irkutsk zuwa Sakhalin, kuma a arewa ana iya ganinsa har ma bayan Arctic Circle. A waje, akwai ƙananan yankuna tare da pine dwarf na Siberian - a cikin tsaunukan Mongoliya, arewa maso gabashin China da Koriya.
Cedar elfin tsiro ne mai rarrafe, tsayin 30 - 50 cm kuma yana girma a hankali - 3 - 5 cm kowace shekara. Alluran gajere ne, tsayin 4-8 cm, an tattara su cikin bunch game da pcs 5. Cones suna da ƙananan, 4-8 cm tsawo, kwayoyi kuma ƙananan - 5-9 mm. Yana bada 'ya'yan itace kowace shekara 3-4. Kuma girbi na farko yana ba da shekaru 20 - 30 shekaru.
Nau'in iri
Akwai nau'ikan itacen al'ul guda 6 kacal, dukkansu ana yin su a cikin ƙasarmu (2): Alkanay, Ikawa, Yankus, Hamar-Daban, Kikimora, Kunashir. Duk waɗannan clones ne na maye gurbi na halitta. Sun bambanta da siffar kambi, tsayi, launi na allura (Kunashir, misali, blue) kuma duk suna da laushi sosai. Ana amfani da su azaman tsire-tsire na ado. Amma dukansu suna ba da 'ya'ya. Juriya na sanyi a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan ya kai zuwa -45 ° C.
Dasa itacen al'ul
Cedar pine yana buƙatar siyan kawai tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar, wato, a cikin kwantena - tare da tushen tushen, a zahiri ba sa samun tushe. Babu buƙatar tono babban rami don irin waɗannan tsire-tsire. Ka'idar kowane iri ita ce:
- diamita na rami - 2 ganga diamita;
- zurfin rami - 2 ganga tsawo.
Yana da amfani don zubar da magudanar ruwa a kasan ramin - 10 - 20 cm. Ana iya fadada yumbu, dutse da aka niƙa ko bulo mai fashe.
Idan ƙasa a kan shafin yana da nauyi, yumbu, ya fi kyau a cika rami tare da ƙasa na musamman don conifers (ana sayar da shi a cikin kantin sayar da) ko shirya cakuda da kanka - ƙasa soddy, peat, yashi a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2. : 2. Ga kowane rami, kana buƙatar ƙara guga na ƙasa daga gandun daji na pine (har ma mafi kyau daga ƙarƙashin itacen al'ul) - ya ƙunshi mycorrhiza, wanda ke taimaka wa itacen matashi ya zama mafi kyau a sabon wuri.
Yana da daraja dasa itacen al'ul a hankali don kada dunƙulewar ƙasa ta rabu. Tushen wuyansa ya kamata a yi ruwa tare da matakin ƙasa - wannan dole ne a kula sosai.
Bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a shayar da seedling - 1 - 2 buckets a kowace seedling, dangane da girmansa. Bayan shayarwa, ya fi kyau ciyawa ƙasa - tare da Pine ko larch haushi, coniferous sawdust ko coniferous zuriyar dabbobi.
Kula da itacen al'ul
Duk nau'ikan itacen al'ul ba su da fa'ida sosai kuma, gabaɗaya, suna buƙatar yanayi iri ɗaya don girma.
Ground
Itacen itacen al'ul yana girma a kowace ƙasa, har ma akan yashi da na duwatsu. Amma mafi kyau duka - a kan ƙasa mai laushi da yashi mai laushi - a can suna ba da mafi yawan amfanin goro (3).
lighting
Duk itacen al'ul tsire-tsire ne masu ɗaukar hoto. A lokacin ƙuruciya, za su iya girma a cikin inuwa - irin wannan yana faruwa a yanayi, suna girma a ƙarƙashin rawanin manyan bishiyoyi.
Ana iya dasa nau'ikan ƙananan girma na manya a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa - wannan ba zai shafi ci gaban su da ci gaban su ta kowace hanya ba, amma ga nau'in kayan ado, launi na allura zai zama mai laushi, kuma ga nau'in 'ya'yan itace, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu. Don haka gara a same su wuri mai haske.
Ruwa
Cedar Pine yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa kawai bayan dasa shuki - tsawon makonni 2 kowane kwanaki 2 - 3, guga 1 na ruwa. A nan gaba, suna buƙatar shayar da su kawai a cikin fari mai ƙarfi da tsawo.
Bayan shekaru 5, an dakatar da shayarwa gaba daya - tushen itacen al'ul ya shiga cikin ƙasa kuma yana iya samun danshi ga kansu.
takin mai magani
Lokacin dasa shuki itacen al'ul, idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, yana da amfani a yi amfani da takin gargajiya mai rikitarwa (kowane), amma dole ne a rage yawan adadinsa sosai - 30% na shawarar da aka ba da shawarar yakamata a yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin waɗannan bishiyoyi.
Ciyar
Dogayen itacen al'ul ba sa buƙatar suturar sama - suna da tushen ƙarfi sosai waɗanda ke shiga zurfin zurfi kuma suna girma da ƙarfi a faɗin, sama da tsinkayar tushen. Don haka za su sami abinci da kansu.
Amma ya kamata a ciyar da pines marasa girma - a farkon bazara tare da taki na musamman don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (ana sayar da su a cikin lambuna kuma an rubuta su a kansu: "Don conifers." Ya kamata a rage kashi kawai - kawai 30% na shawarar da aka ba da shawarar. masana'anta.
Haihuwar itacen al'ul
Yin rigakafi. Wannan shine yadda galibin pineal itacen al'ul ke yaduwa. Amma wannan tsari yana ɗaukar lokaci, yana buƙatar ilimi na musamman, kuma yawanci ana yin hakan ta hanyar gandun daji. Yana da sauƙi don siyan tsire-tsire da aka yi da shirye-shirye.
Tsaba. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da wannan hanya don yaduwa nau'ikan tsire-tsire, wato, tsire-tsire na daji. Koyaya, ana iya yaduwa iri-iri ta tsaba, amma kashi 50% na tsiron ne kawai ke riƙe alamun iyayensu. Sauran, mafi mahimmanci, za su yi kama da tsire-tsire na daji.
Hanyar ba ta da sauƙi. Ya kamata a shuka tsaba a ƙarshen kaka, a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba. Dole ne su sha stratification, wato, fallasa zuwa yanayin sanyi. In ba haka ba, ba za su zo ba. A cikin bazara, ana iya shuka tsaba ne kawai bayan ƙaddamarwar farko a cikin firiji don watanni 1,5. Amma lokacin da ake shukawa a cikin kaka, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje akan Pine na Koriya, ƙimar germination ya fi girma - 77%, yayin da bayan ƙirar wucin gadi shine 67% (4).
Dole ne tsaba su zama sabo - suna da mafi girman adadin germination, kuma idan sun kwanta, an rage su sosai.
Babu wani hali da ya kamata a shuka goro a kan ƙasa da aka noma, wato, lambun lambu da lambun kayan lambu ba su dace da wannan ba - akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, kuma Pine kwayoyi ba su da kariya a gare su. Zai fi kyau a shuka su a wani wuri a cikin kufai inda ba a shuka kome ba, kuma ba a haƙa ƙasa ba.
A ƙarƙashin shuka, kuna buƙatar tono rami mai zurfin 5-8 cm kuma faɗin 10 cm. Zuba 3-5 cm na coniferous zuriyar dabbobi a kasa - saman Layer na ƙasa na Pine gandun daji. Sa'an nan kuma yada tsaba - a nesa na 1 cm daga juna. Kuma daga sama, an rufe shi da ƙasa ɗaya daga gandun daji na Pine tare da Layer na 1 - 3 cm.
Harbe yawanci yana bayyana a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Kuma a wannan lokacin suna buƙatar samar da kariya daga tsuntsaye - suna son yin liyafa a kan matasan Pine sprouts. Abu mafi sauki shi ne sanya spruce ko rassan Pine a saman amfanin gona.
A cikin shekara ta farko, tsire-tsire suna girma a hankali, a ƙarshen lokacin rani suna da girman girman wasa tare da ƙaramin gunkin allura a saman. A cikin shekaru 2, suna girma kadan kuma suna kara tsayi - a wannan lokacin suna buƙatar nutsewa, dasa su zuwa wuri na dindindin. Wannan ya kamata a yi a tsakiyar Afrilu ko tsakiyar Oktoba.
Cututtukan itacen al'ul
Guduro cancer seryanka da Pine blister tsatsa. Wadannan cututtukan fungal suna bayyana kansu a cikin irin wannan hanya - kumburi yana bayyana a kan rassan, wanda a sama da allura a hankali ya bushe.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi lokacin da suka bayyana shine yanke itacen kuma ƙone shi don kada wasu tsire-tsire su kamu da cutar - waɗannan cututtukan suna shafar nau'ikan pine na yau da kullun, gami da pine na yau da kullun, rhododendrons na spruce spruce, kuma daga 'ya'yan itace - itacen apple, pears, currants, gooseberries, game da dutse ash. Amma yana da wuya cewa kowane daga cikin mazaunan lokacin rani zai ɗauki irin wannan matakin, musamman idan akwai itace ɗaya kawai - abin tausayi ne! Sabili da haka, zaku iya ƙoƙarin rage ci gaban cutar - yanke duk rassan da aka shafa, cire duk allurar da suka fadi daga ƙasa, kuma a cikin bazara bi da tsire-tsire tare da jan karfe sulfate.
Cedar Pine kwari
Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, amma albishir cewa za ku iya kawar da su duka.
Spruce mite. Waɗannan ƙananan kwari suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na allurar Pine. Kuna iya gane su ta hanyar bayyanar allura - sun fara rasa launi, kamar dai sun ɓace, sa'an nan kuma ya bushe kuma ya bushe.
Kuna iya kawar da wannan kaska tare da taimakon Fitoverm.
Idan ya bayyana, to allura sun fara bushewa, kamar yadda suke, wrinkle, kuma daga baya gaba daya bushe. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na allurar matasa.
Spider mite. Lokacin da ya bayyana, alluran suna fara yin rawaya da bushewa, kuma nan da nan sai wani sharar-tsare mai ban mamaki ya bayyana akansa.
Fufanon zai taimaka wajen jimre wa kwaro.
Pine aphid. Yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na allurar matasa, kuma wani lokacin suna bayyana a cikin adadi mai yawa kuma suna iya lalata itacen matasa.
Ma'aunin gwagwarmaya shine maganin Karbofos.
Hamisu Ƙananan kwaro, ana iya gane bayyanarsa ta hanyar datti-fari mai laushi a kan allura. Yana shafar ƙananan bishiyoyin itacen al'ul kawai, bishiyoyi masu girma suna da tsayayya da shi.
Don magance wannan kwaro, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen Spark, Fufanon, Atkara.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Mun yi tambayoyi na mazauna lokacin rani game da itacen al'ul Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.
Tushen
- Vyvodtsev NV, Kobayashi Ryosuke. Yawan amfanin gona na itacen al'ul a cikin yankin Khabarovsk // Matsalolin gaske na rukunin gandun daji, 2007 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/urozhaynost-orehov-sosny-kedrovoy-v-khabarovskom-krae
- Al'umma don Kiwo da Gabatarwar Conifers https://rosih.ru/
- Gavrilova OI Girma Siberian Pine Pine a cikin yanayi na Jamhuriyar Karelia // Albarkatu da Fasaha, 2003 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vyraschivanie-sosny-kedrovoy-sibirskoy-v-usloviyah-respubliki-karelia
- Drozdov II, Kozhenkova AA, Belinsky MN -podmoskovie