Don guba ƙwayoyin hanji, E. coli yana buƙatar sukari na musamman wanda mutum ba zai iya haɗa kansa ba. Yana shiga jiki kawai da nama da madara. Don haka ga waɗanda suka yi ba tare da waɗannan samfuran ba, cututtukan hanji ba su yi barazanar ba - aƙalla waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta Shiga.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa masu cin ganyayyaki suna yin aikinsu a banza: ta hanyar ƙin nama da kayan kiwo, suna rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar E. coli gubar nau'in nau'in Shiga, wanda ke haifar da gudawa na jini da ma cututtuka masu tsanani, zuwa kusan sifili.
Duk game da ƙananan ƙwayoyin sukari ne: ya zama abin da ake nufi da toxin wannan ƙwayar cuta shine N-glycolneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), wanda ke saman jikin mu. Amma a cikin jikin mutum, wannan siginar sukari ba a haɗa shi ba. A sakamakon haka, kwayoyin cuta dole ne su "jiran" kwayoyin Neu5Gc don shiga tsarin narkewa daga nama ko madara kuma su shiga cikin membrane na sel da ke rufe hanji. Sai kawai toxin ya fara aiki.
Masana kimiyya sun nuna wannan tare da yawancin in vitro (in vitro) layukan tantanin halitta, har ma sun kirkiro wani layi na musamman na beraye. A cikin mice na yau da kullun, Neu5Gc an haɗa shi daga ginshiƙi a cikin sel, don haka E. coli yana amfani da wannan cikin sauƙi. Kamar yadda ya bayyana, idan kun kashe ta hanyar wucin gadi - kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka ce, "kurkushe" kwayar halittar da ke ba ku damar hada Neu5Gc, to, igiyoyin Shiga ba su da wani tasiri a kansu.
Sirrin "Matar Mutanen Espanya"
Masana kimiyya sun bayyana sirrin mace-mace da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba daga “murar Spain”. Dubun miliyoyin mutane sun mutu a cikin 1918 saboda maye gurbi guda biyu wanda ya ba da damar sabon nau'in mura ya ɗaure da sukari… Amfani da ƙwayoyin siginar rundunar a matsayin harin da aka yi niyya ga ƙwayoyin cuta ba sabon abu bane.
Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin cuta na mura suna ɗaure da sukari a saman sel, ƙwayoyin cutar HIV suna ɗaure da siginar kwayoyin CD4 na membrane na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na T-helper, kuma plasmodium malarial yana gane erythrocytes ta hanyar ragowar neuraminic acid.
Masana kimiyya ba wai kawai sun san waɗannan abubuwan ba, suna iya zayyana duk matakan da aka samu sakamakon haɗuwa da shigar da kwayoyin cuta, ko gubarsa, cikin tantanin halitta. Amma wannan ilimin, rashin alheri, ba zai iya haifar da ƙirƙirar magunguna masu karfi ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, kwayoyin halittar jikinmu suna amfani da su don sadarwa da juna, kuma duk wani tasiri da aka yi musu ba makawa ba zai shafi rayuwar kwayoyin cutar ba kawai, har ma da aikin jikinmu.
Jikin ɗan adam yana yin ba tare da Neu5Gc ba, kuma don guje wa kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta mai haɗari, ya isa ya hana wannan ƙwayoyin cuta shiga cikin jiki - wato, kada ku ci nama da madara. Tabbas, zaku iya dogaro da gasasshen nama sosai da haifuwar madara, amma waɗannan samfuran sun fi sauƙi don guje wa.
Don ma'auni na "Nobel", wannan aikin bai isa ba sai dai ƙoƙarin da ya biyo baya na cutar E. coli, domin a wannan yanayin, marubutan wannan binciken na iya yin gasa tare da masu binciken Helicobacter pylori, wanda ke haifar da ciwon ciki. A farkon shekarun 1980, don tabbatar da kansa ga duniyar likitanci masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, daya daga cikinsu ya kamu da kansa da gangan da "maganin ciwon daji." Kuma bayan shekaru 20 ya sami kyautar Nobel.