Dakatar da maimaita kuskure
A cewar Farfesa Anders Eriksson na Jami’ar Florida, mintuna 60 da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin “aiki mai kyau” ya fi kowane lokaci da aka kashe don koyo ba tare da mai da hankali ba. Gano wuraren da ke buƙatar aiki sannan haɓaka shirin da aka mayar da hankali don yin aiki a kansu yana da mahimmanci. Ericsson ya kira wannan tsari "aiki da gangan."
Ericsson ya shafe fiye da shekaru talatin yana nazarin yadda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, daga mawaƙa zuwa likitocin fiɗa, suka kai saman filin su. A cewarsa, bunkasa tunanin da ya dace ya fi baiwa kawai muhimmanci. "A koyaushe an yi imani da cewa don zama mafi kyau, dole ne a haife ku ta haka, saboda yana da wuya a ƙirƙiri manyan malamai, amma wannan ba daidai ba ne," in ji shi.
Masu fafutukar yin aiki da gangan sukan sukan yadda ake koyar da mu a makaranta. Malaman kiɗa, alal misali, suna farawa da abubuwan yau da kullun: kiɗan takarda, maɓalli, da yadda ake karanta kiɗan. Idan kuna buƙatar kwatanta ɗalibai da juna, kuna buƙatar kwatanta su akan matakan haƙiƙa masu sauƙi. Irin wannan horon yana saukaka matakin digiri, amma kuma yana iya karkatar da masu farawa waɗanda ba za su iya tunanin cimma burinsu na ƙarshe ba, wato kunna kiɗan da suke so saboda suna yin ayyukan da ba su da mahimmanci. Max Deutsch, ɗan shekara 26, wanda ya himmantu wajen koyo da sauri ya ce: “Ina ganin hanyar da ta dace na koyo ita ce koma baya. A cikin 2016, Deutsch na San Francisco ya kafa burin koyan sabbin fasahohi masu buri guda 12 zuwa matsayi mai girma, daya a wata. Na farko yana haddar ɗigon katunan cikin mintuna biyu ba tare da kurakurai ba. Ana ɗaukar kammala wannan ɗawainiya a matsayin kofa ga Grandmastership. Na karshe shine na koya wa kaina yadda ake buga dara tun daga farko kuma in doke Grandmaster Magnus Carlsen a wasan.
“Fara da manufa. Me nake bukata in sani ko zan iya yi domin in cimma burina? Sa'an nan kuma ƙirƙira shirin don isa wurin kuma ku manne shi. A rana ta farko, na ce, “Wannan shi ne abin da zan yi kowace rana.” Na ƙaddara kowane ɗawainiya don kowace rana. Wannan yana nufin ban yi tunani ba, “Shin ina da kuzari ko in kashe shi?” Domin na kaddara shi. Ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ranar," in ji Deutsch.
Deutsch ya sami damar cim ma wannan aikin ta yin aiki na cikakken lokaci, yana tafiyar awa ɗaya a rana kuma ba ya rasa barcin sa'o'i takwas. Minti 45 zuwa 60 kowace rana na tsawon kwanaki 30 ya wadatar don kammala kowace gwaji. "Tsarin ya yi kashi 80% na aiki tukuru," in ji shi.
Ayyukan ganganci na iya zama sananne a gare ku, saboda shine tushen tsarin sa'o'i 10 wanda Malcolm Gladwell ya shahara. Ɗaya daga cikin labaran farko na Eriksson game da aikin ganganci ya ba da shawarar kashe sa'o'i 000, ko kusan shekaru 10, akan horon da aka yi niyya don isa saman filin ku. Amma ra'ayin cewa duk wanda ya kashe awa 000 akan wani abu zai zama gwani, yaudara ce. "Dole ne ku yi aiki da manufa, kuma hakan yana buƙatar wani nau'in hali. Wannan ba game da jimlar lokacin da aka kashe akan aikin ba, yakamata ya dace da iyawar ɗalibin. Kuma game da yadda za a bincika aikin da aka yi: daidai, canzawa, daidaitawa. Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa wasu ke tunanin cewa idan kun yi yawa, kuna yin kuskure iri ɗaya, za ku sami sauki,” in ji Eriksson.
Mai da hankali kan fasaha
Duniyar wasanni ta ɗauki yawancin darussan Ericsson. Tsohon kociyan kwallon kafa Roger Gustafsson ya jagoranci kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Gothenburg ta kasar Sweden lashe kofuna 5 a shekarun 1990, fiye da kowane manaja a tarihin gasar Sweden. Yanzu a cikin shekarunsa 60, Gustafsson har yanzu yana cikin tsarin matasa na kulob din. "Mun yi ƙoƙarin koyar da yara 'yan shekara 12 don yin Triangle na Barcelona ta hanyar aiki da gangan kuma sun ci gaba da sauri cikin makonni 5. Sun kai matakin da suka yi cin kwallayen triangle daidai da FC Barcelona a wasan gasa. Tabbas, wannan ba daidai yake da cewa suna da kyau kamar Barcelona ba, amma abin mamaki ne yadda sauri za su iya koyo, "in ji shi.
A cikin aikin da gangan, ra'ayi yana da mahimmanci. Ga 'yan wasan Gustafsson, bidiyo ya zama irin wannan kayan aiki don ba da amsa nan take. “Idan kawai ka gaya wa ɗan wasan abin da zai yi, ƙila ba za su sami hoto ɗaya da kai ba. Yana buƙatar ganin kansa kuma ya kwatanta shi da ɗan wasan da ya yi daban. Matasan 'yan wasa suna jin daɗin bidiyo sosai. Sun saba yin fim da kansu da juna. A matsayin koci, yana da wuya a ba kowa ra'ayi, saboda kuna da 'yan wasa 20 a cikin ƙungiyar. Aikin ganganci shine a baiwa mutane damar ba da kansu ra'ayi, "in ji Gustafsson.
Gustafsson ya jaddada cewa da zarar koci zai iya magana game da tunaninsa, mafi mahimmancin shi ne. Ta hanyar gyara kurakurai a cikin horo, kuna kashe lokaci kaɗan don yin duk abin da ba daidai ba.
"Mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren hakan shine manufar ɗan wasan, suna buƙatar son koyo," in ji Hugh McCutcheon, shugaban kocin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jami'ar Minnesota. McCutcheon shi ne babban kocin tawagar kwallon raga ta maza ta Amurka da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta shekarar 2008, shekaru 20 bayan samun lambar zinare a baya. Daga nan ya dauki tawagar mata inda ya jagoranci su zuwa azurfa a wasannin 2012 a Landan. "Muna da aikin koyarwa, kuma suna da aikin koyo," in ji McCutcheon. “Tuni shine gaskiyar da zaku yi fama da ita. Mutanen da suka shiga cikin wannan suna aiki akan kuskurensu. Babu kwanakin canji inda zaku tafi daga log zuwa gwani. Talent ba bakon abu ba ne. Mutane da yawa masu hazaka. Kuma abin takaici shine hazaka, kwadaitarwa da jajircewa”.
Me Yasa Tsarin Muhimmanci
Ga wasu ayyuka da Deutsch ya ɗauka, an riga an riga an riga an ƙaddara hanyar koyo, kamar haddar bene na katunan, inda ya ce kashi 90% na hanyar ana amfani da su sosai. Deutsch ya so ya yi amfani da aikin da gangan ga wata matsala mai zurfi wacce za ta buƙaci haɓaka dabarunsa: warware wasanin jita-jita na New York Times Asabar. Ya ce ana ganin wadannan rikitattun kalmomin da ke da wuyar warware su cikin tsari, amma yana tunanin zai iya amfani da dabarun da ya koya a cikin matsalolin da suka gabata don magance su.
"Idan na san alamun 6000 da aka fi sani da su, ta yaya hakan zai taimaka mini in warware wasan? Sauƙaƙan wuyar warwarewa zai taimaka muku samun amsar mafi wahala. Ga abin da na yi: Na yi amfani da na'urar goge abun ciki daga rukunin yanar gizon su don samun bayanan, sannan na yi amfani da wani shiri don haddace su. Na koyi waɗannan amsoshi 6000 a cikin mako guda, ”in ji Deutsch.
Da isasshiyar himma, ya sami damar koyon duk waɗannan alamu na gaba ɗaya. Deutsch sai ya duba yadda aka gina wasanin gwada ilimi. Wasu haɗe-haɗen haruffa suna da yuwuwar bin wasu, don haka idan ɓangaren grid ɗin ya cika, zai iya rage yuwuwar ragowar gibin ta hanyar kawar da kalmomin da ba za su iya yiwuwa ba. Fadada ƙamus ɗinsa shine ɓangaren ƙarshe na canji daga novice crossword solver zuwa master.
"Yawanci, muna raina abin da za mu iya yi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma muna yin la'akari da abin da ake bukata don yin wani abu," in ji Deutsch, wanda ya yi fice a 11 daga cikin matsalolinsa 12 (nasarar wasan dara ya guje masa). “Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar tsari, kuna cire hayaniyar tunani. Tunanin yadda zaku cimma burin ku na awa 1 a rana tsawon wata daya ba lokaci mai yawa ba ne, amma yaushe ne lokacin ƙarshe da kuka kwashe awanni 30 da hankali akan wani abu na musamman?