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Idan ya zo ga chitin, darussan ilimin halittu na makaranta kai tsaye suna tunowa. Arthropods, crustaceans da duk abin da ke da alaƙa da su…
Amma, duk da wannan, chitin yana da matukar amfani ga mutane.
Janar halaye na chitin
An fara gano Chitin ne a shekarar 1821 ta bakin daraktan lambun tsirrai, Henry Bracon. A yayin gwaje-gwajen sunadarai, ya bayyana wani abu wanda yake jure narkewar sinadarin sulfuric acid. Kuma bayan shekaru biyu, an cire chitin daga bawo daga tarantula. A lokaci guda, masanin kimiyyar Faransanci Audier ne ya gabatar da kalmar "chitin", wanda ya yi nazarin sinadarin ta hanyar amfani da bawon waje (kwarangwal na waje) na kwari.
Chitin polysaccharide ne wanda yake cikin rukunin carbohydrates mai wahalar narkewa. Dangane da kimiyyar kayan aikinshi, da kuma matsayinsa na ilimin halitta, yana kusa da tsirewar fiber.
Chitin wani bangare ne na bangon kwayar fungi, da kuma wasu kwayoyin cuta.
Wanda aka kirkira ta ragowar amino sugar na acetylglucosamine, chitin yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan polysaccharides a cikin yanayi.
Yana da wani abu da ake samu a cikin fungi, bacteria, arthropods. An gano nau'ikan chitin da yawa, sun bambanta a cikin sinadaran su da kaddarorin su.
* Ƙimar ƙima (g) a cikin 100 g na samfur.
Chitin (Faransa chitine, daga Girkanci chiton - tufafi, fata, harsashi), wani fili na halitta daga rukunin polysaccharides; babban bangaren kwarangwal na waje (cuticle) na arthropods da kuma yawan sauran invertebrates; kuma yana daga cikin bangon tantanin halitta na fungi da kwayoyin cuta. Yana yin ayyuka masu kariya da tallafi, yana samar da rigidity na tantanin halitta. Kalmar "X." Bafaranshen masanin kimiyya A. Odier, wanda (1823) yayi nazari akan murfin kwari mai wuya. H. ya ƙunshi ragowar N-acetylglucosamine da aka haɗa ta b- (1 ® 4) - glycosidic bonds.
Nauyin kwayoyin zai iya kaiwa 260,000. Ba ya narke cikin ruwa, tsarma acid, alkalis, barasa, da sauran kwayoyin kaushi, yana narkar da a mayar da hankali mafita gishiri (lithium, calcium thiocyanate), kuma an hallaka a mayar da hankali mafita na ma'adinai acid (lokacin mai tsanani). Chlorine koyaushe yana hade da sunadaran sunadarai a tushen halitta. Chlorine yayi kama da tsari, kaddarorin sinadarai na physicochemical, da rawar nazarin halittu ga shuka cellulose.
Chlorine biosynthesis a cikin jiki yana faruwa tare da sa hannu na mai bayarwa, ragowar N-acetylglucosamine-uridine diphosphate-M-acetyl-glucosamine, da masu karɓa, chitodextrins, tare da sa hannu na tsarin enzymatic glycosyltransferase na enzymatic da ke hade da membranes na ciki. Chlorine ya rushe ta hanyar ilimin halitta don yantar da N-acetylglucosamine ta hanyar enzyme chitinase, wanda ke samuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, daga cikin enzymes na narkewa na amoebas na ƙasa, wasu katantanwa, tsutsotsi na ƙasa, da kuma a cikin crustaceans a lokacin molting. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka mutu, chlorine da abubuwan da ke lalata su suna jujjuya su a cikin ƙasa da simintin ruwa zuwa mahaɗan humic-kamar mahaɗan kuma suna taimakawa wajen tara nitrogen a cikin ƙasa.
Bukatar yau da kullun ga chitin
Yin amfani da fiye da 3000mg a kowace rana na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da aiki na sashin ciki. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a kiyaye ma'anar zinare a cikin amfani da kowane kayan haɗin wuta.
Bukatar chitin yana ƙaruwa:
- tare da nauyi;
- cin zarafin ƙwayar mai a cikin jiki;
- babban cholesterol na jini;
- hanta steatosis;
- tare da yawan mai a cikin abinci;
- maƙarƙashiya mai yawa;
- ciwon sukari;
- rashin lafiyan jiki da maye.
Bukatar chitin yana raguwa:
- tare da iskar gas mai yawa;
- dysbacteriosis;
- gastritis, pancreatitis da sauran cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ciki.
Narkar da sinadarin chitin
Chitin wani abu ne mai haske wanda ba shi narkewa a jikin mutum. Kamar cellulose, chitin yana inganta motsawar ciki kuma yana da wasu kaddarorin masu amfani ga jiki.
Abubuwa masu amfani na chitin da tasirin sa a jiki
Dangane da kayan wasu karatuttukan likitanci, an yanke hukunci game da amfanin chitin ga jikin mutum. Ana amfani da Chitin don hauhawar jini, kiba, ciwon sukari, a matsayin sinadarin rigakafi wanda ke hana tsufa da wuri na jiki. Hakanan fiber, chitin yana inganta aikin hanji, yana sauƙaƙe fitowar abubuwan da ke ciki, yana tsarkake hanji villi. Yana tsarkake jijiyoyin jini daga cholesterol mai cutarwa.
Binciken likitanci na baya-bayan nan ya nuna fa'idodin chitin a cikin rigakafi da maganin sankara da yawa.
Hulɗa da wasu abubuwan
Chitin yana hulɗa da polysaccharides da sunadarai. Ba ya narkar da shi a cikin ruwa da sauran sauran sinadarai na garkuwar jiki, kodayake yana riƙe da danshi a jiki. Lokacin zafi, hulɗa tare da wasu gishiri, ana narkar da shi, wato, lalata. Yana rage shaye-shayen sinadarin chlorine a cikin tsarin zagayawar jini, ta haka yana daidaita ma'aunin gishiri da ruwa a jiki.
Alamomin rashin chitin a jiki:
- kiba, kiba;
- aikin laulayi na kayan ciki (GIT);
- warin jiki mara daɗi (yawan toxins da toxins);
- m rashin lafiyan cututtuka;
- guringuntsi da matsalolin haɗin gwiwa.
Alamomin yawan chitin a jiki:
- rashin daidaituwa a cikin ciki (tashin zuciya);
- kumburi, kumburin ciki;
- rashin jin daɗi a cikin pancreas;
- rashin lafiyan halayen chitin.
Abubuwan da ke shafar sinadarin chitin a cikin jiki
Jikin mutum ba ya samar da sinadarin chitin da kansa, saboda haka abin da ke cikin jikinsa gaba ɗaya ya dogara da kasancewa cikin abincin. Dangane da wannan, ya biyo bayan cewa idan kuna son zama cikin ƙoshin lafiya, kuna buƙatar cin chitin a kai a kai a matsayin mai ɗaukar nauyinta - chitosan.
Chitin don kyau da lafiya
Kwanan nan, masana kimiyyar kwaskwarima suna ƙara rubuce-rubuce game da ingantaccen tasirin da aka gano daga amfani da kayan aikin likita da kayan kwalliya tare da chitin. Ana saka shi a cikin shamfu don ƙara yawan gashin gashi da elasticity, ana amfani da su a cikin lotions, ƙara zuwa creams, gels shawa, da kuma kayan tsabta na sirri (gel toothpastes). Ana samun shi a cikin nau'ikan sprays da fesa salo daban-daban.
Chitin ana amfani dashi azaman kayan abinci mai gina jiki a cikin abinci don inganta haɓakar fata, azaman anti-inflammatory da moisturizer. Irƙirar fim mai kariya a kan fata da gashi, don haka sauƙaƙe aikin tsefewa, yana hana fatar rasa danshi da ƙusoshin ƙugu.
Masana kimiyyar Ajantina sun gano kebantaccen chitin a matsayin mataimaki ga farfadowa na mafi saurin warkar da fata idan akwai matsala. Bugu da kari, chitin yana canzawa ta hanyar dumama zuwa wani sabon abu mai narkewar ruwa. chitosan, wanda wani bangare ne na kayan shafe shafe. Godiya ga kayan shafe-shafe na tsufa, fatar ta zama mai laushi da sauri, wrinkles ba sa cika gani. Fatar tana samun sabo da ƙarami, godiya ga dukiyar chitin don taimakawa spasm na ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin fata.
Amma fa'idodin chitin don siririn adadi, a bayyane yake. Chitosan ana kuma kiransa fiber na dabbobi, wanda ke ɗaure a jiki kuma yana cire ƙwayoyi masu yawa, yana taimakawa tare da yawan cin abinci, yana ƙaruwa da yawan bifidobacteria a cikin hanji kuma a hankali yana inganta ƙimar nauyi. Bugu da kari, tana da alhakin tallata abubuwan gurbata muhalli, bayan fitowar su, jikin mu yana samun haske da 'yanci.
Chitin a cikin yanayi
A cikin yanayi, chitin yana yin ayyuka na kariya da tallafi, yana ba da ƙarfin crustaceans, fungi da kwayoyin cuta. A cikin wannan yana kama da cellulose, wanda shine kayan tallafi na bangon tantanin halitta. Amma chitin ya fi mayar da martani, bisa ga kayan Chitin Society na Rasha. Idan aka yi zafi kuma a bi da shi tare da alkali mai tattarawa, yana juya zuwa chitosan. Wannan polymer na iya narke a cikin mafitacin acid dilute, da kuma ɗaure da amsa tare da wasu sinadarai. Don haka, wani lokaci masanan sunadarai suna komawa zuwa chitosan a matsayin "mai ginawa" wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar polymers daban-daban. Don samun chitin mai tsabta, ana cire furotin, calcium da sauran ma'adanai daga abubuwan da ke dauke da shi, suna mayar da su cikin nau'i mai narkewa. Sakamakon shi ne crumb chitinous.
"Ana amfani da Crustaceans, fungi da kwari don samun chitin. Af, wannan abu an fara gano shi a cikin champignons. Amfani da chitin da chitosan na asali yana haɓaka kawai. Ana amfani da polysaccharide a cikin kayan abinci, magunguna, magungunan hana ƙonewa, suturar tiyata mai narkewa, ana amfani da su don dalilai na anti-radiation, da sauran su. Chitosan abu ne mai amfani da ke buƙatar ƙarin nazari"
Chitin a magani
Saboda gaskiyar cewa chitosan daidai yake amsawa tare da wasu sinadarai, kwayoyi da masu karɓa, alal misali, ana iya "rataye" akan sarkar polymer. Don haka, za a sake sakin abu mai aiki kawai inda ake buƙata, ba tare da fallasa dukkan jiki zuwa toxicosis ba. Bugu da ƙari, chitosan kanta gaba ɗaya ba mai guba ce ga masu rai.
Ana kuma amfani da Chitosan azaman kari na abinci. Misali, ƙananan juzu'in nauyinsa yana shiga cikin jini kai tsaye kuma yana aiki a matakin tsarin rigakafi. Matsakaicin juzu'i na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta wani ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda ke hana haɓakar microflora pathogenic a cikin hanji. Bugu da ƙari, yana taimakawa wajen samar da fim a kan mucosa na hanji, wanda ke kare su daga kumburi. A wannan yanayin, fim ɗin ya narke da sauri, wanda yake da mahimmanci don amfani da magani. Babban juzu'in nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na chitosan yana aiki azaman mai narkewa don gubobi da ke cikin sashin gastrointestinal.
"Mun san yawancin sorbents waɗanda suma suna da kaddarorin da ke cutar da ɗan adam - an shayar da su kuma ana ajiye su a cikin tsokoki da ƙasusuwa. Chitosan ba shi da duk waɗannan illolin. Bugu da ƙari, zai iya sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ganye, wanda, tare da shi, ba sa rasa kaddarorinsu masu amfani na dogon lokaci, kuma ana amfani da su azaman kari na abinci. Hakanan ana amfani da Chitosan a cikin nau'in gel don maganin cututtukan baka ko kuna. "
Bugu da ƙari, chitosan yana da tasirin antitumor, don haka ana iya amfani dashi don hana ciwon daji. Abun yana rage matakan cholesterol, saboda yana ɗaure lipids na abinci kuma yana hana ɗaukar mai daga hanji. Ana kuma ci gaba da bincike kan amfani da chitosan a matsayin dasa shuki.
Chitin da maganin kwayoyin halitta
Maganin kwayoyin halitta yanzu yana tasowa sosai. Tare da taimakon hanyar kimiyya, yana yiwuwa a kawar da aikin daya ko wata "lalacewa" ko shigar da wani a wurinsa. Amma don yin wannan, ya zama dole don ko ta yaya isar da bayanan "masu bukata" a cikin tantanin halitta. A baya can, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don wannan, amma wannan tsarin yana da lahani da yawa: carcinogenicity da tsada mai tsada sun kasance da farko.. Amma tare da taimakon chitosan, yana yiwuwa a sadar da mahimman bayanan kwayoyin halitta a cikin tantanin halitta ba tare da lahani ba kuma mai rahusa.
" Na'urorin isar da RNA waɗanda ba na hoto ba za a iya daidaita su ta hanyar kiɗa tare da gyare-gyaren sinadarai. Chitosan shine mafi inganci vector fiye da liposomes ko cationic polymers saboda yana ɗaure ga DNA mafi kyau. Bugu da ƙari, irin waɗannan tsarin ba su da guba kuma ana iya samun su a dakin da zafin jiki , inji masanin kimiyyar.
Chitin a cikin masana'antar abinci
Ana amfani da abin sha na chitosan a cikin shayarwa don cire laka. Abin da ake kira turbidity a cikin abin sha yana samuwa ne saboda abubuwan da aka haɗa da kayan aiki da kayan taimako a cikin nau'i na sunadarai, carbohydrates, sel masu rai da oxalates. Don cire sel masu rai, ana amfani da chitosan a matakin bayanin samfurin.
Bugu da ƙari, fim ɗin chitosan yana rage yawan yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗanyen nama, yana hana bayyanar kwayoyin Staphylococcus aureus.
"Yawancin lokaci, sabo ne nama ba a ajiye shi ba fiye da kwanaki biyu ba. Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi da chitosan, mun sami damar haɓaka lokacin ajiya da ɗaya da rabi zuwa sau biyu. A wasu lokuta, lokacin ya kai har zuwa makonni biyu. Bugu da ƙari, daga ra'ayi na kaddarorin mabukaci, fim ɗin chitosan shine fakitin da ya dace, tun da yake kusan ba a iya gani."
Hakanan ana amfani da Chitosan a cikin masana'antar abinci don haɗar furotin na whey a cikin masana'antar kiwo, don samar da kayan abinci na iodized dangane da ƙirƙirar rukunin iodine-chitosan, da sauran dalilai.
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